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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. The Company tests goodwill for recoverability each annual reporting period at December 31 and at interim periods if facts or circumstances are indicative of potential impairment.
The carrying value of goodwill from the Company’s Asset Management reporting unit totaled $5.1 billion and $5.1 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, resulting from its investment in AB as well as direct strategic acquisitions of AB, including its purchases of Sanford C. Bernstein, Inc and CarVal.
On November 22, 2022, AB and Société Générale, a leading European bank, announced plans to form a joint venture combining their respective cash equities and research businesses, as such AB’s Bernstein Research Services business was classified as held-for-sale and $170 million of goodwill recorded was allocated to the held-for-sale disposal group. See Note 25 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s annual testing resulted in no impairment of this goodwill, as the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount at each respective date.
Other Intangible Assets
The Company’s intangible assets primarily relate to amounts assigned to acquired investment management contracts based on their estimated fair values at the time of acquisition, less accumulated amortization.
The gross carrying amount of AB-related intangible assets was $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2023, and the accumulated amortization of these intangible assets was $970 million and $911 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense for AB-related intangible assets totaled $59 million, $58 million, and $43 million for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Estimated annual amortization expense for each of the next five years is approximately $58 million, $58 million, $37 million, $26 million and $24 million, respectively.
The Company reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. This test is performed at least annually or as triggering events occur. During the fourth quarter of 2024, AB performed an assessment which indicated an impairment of the intangible assets associated with AB’s various smaller historical acquisitions that were other than temporary. Due to the loss of certain investment management contracts, the carrying value of the finite-lived intangible assets exceeded the fair value of the contracts. As such, an impairment charge of $4 million was recorded in Other operating costs and expenses in the consolidated income statement. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s impairment assessment indicated that our intangible assets were not impaired.