Accounting guidance on fair value measurements specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company's market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

•Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The Company determines the fair value of structured liabilities (where performance is linked to structured interest rates, inflation or currency risks) using the LIBOR swap curve and forward interest and exchange rates at period end. Such instruments are classified as Level 2 based on the observability of significant inputs to the model. The Company does not have any instruments classified as Level 3, other than those included in pension asset trusts included in Note 15. These valuations take into consideration the Company's credit risk and its counterparties’ credit risk.


	2022				2021
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
LEVEL 1
Cash and cash equivalents(1)	$	483	$	483	$	711	$	711
LEVEL 2
Credit facilities and bank overdrafts(2)	106		106		7		7
Derivatives
Derivative assets(3)	20		20		—		—
Derivative liabilities(3)	56		56		7		7
Commercial paper(2)	187		187		324		324
Long-term debt:
2022 Notes(4)	—		—		300		300
2023 Notes(4)	300		298		300		308
2024 Euro Notes(4)	532		519		565		585
2025 Notes(4)	1,000		884		1,001		968
2026 Euro Notes(4)	845		774		900		960
2027 Notes(4)	1,215		1,006		1,218		1,180
2028 Notes(4)	398		380		397		452
2030 Notes(4)	1,510		1,188		1,511		1,466
2040 Notes(4)	774		535		775		762
2047 Notes(4)	495		390		494		585
2048 Notes(4)	787		685		786		1,026
2050 Notes(4)	1,571		1,021		1,572		1,556
2024 Term Loan Facility(5)	625		625		625		625
2026 Term Loan Facility(5)	625		625		625		625

(4)The fair value of the Note is obtained from pricing services engaged by the Company, and the Company receives one price for each security. The fair value provided by the pricing services are estimated using pricing models, where the inputs to those models are based on observable market inputs or recent trades of similar securities. The inputs to the valuation techniques applied by the pricing services are typically benchmark yields, benchmark security prices, credit spreads, reported trades and broker-dealer quotes, all with reasonable levels of transparency.

The Company periodically enters into foreign currency forward contracts with the objective of reducing exposure to cash flow volatility associated with its intercompany loans, foreign currency receivables and payables and anticipated purchases of certain raw materials used in operations. These contracts generally involve the exchange of one currency for a second currency at a future date, have maturities not exceeding twelve months and are with counterparties which are major international financial institutions.

The Company utilizes options that are not designated as hedging instruments to reduce exposure to commodity price fluctuations on purchases of inventory such as soybeans, soybean oil and soybean meal.

Through the third quarter of 2021, the Company maintained several forward currency contracts which qualified as cash flow hedges. The objective of these hedges is to protect against the currency risk associated with forecasted U.S. dollar (“USD”) denominated raw material purchases made by Euro (“EUR”) functional currency entities which result from changes in the EUR/USD exchange rate. The effective portions of cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) as a component of Gains (losses) on derivatives qualifying as hedges in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Realized gains/(losses) in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) related to cash flow hedges of raw material purchases are recognized as a component of Cost of goods sold in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income in the same period as the related costs are recognized.

Subsequent to the issuance of the 2021 Euro Notes and 2026 Euro Notes during the third quarter of 2018, the Company designated the debt as a hedge of a portion of its net European investments. Accordingly, the change in the value of the debt that is attributable to foreign exchange movements is recorded in OCI as a component of foreign currency translation adjustments in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

Subsequent to the issuance of the 2024 Euro Notes during the first quarter of 2016, the Company designated the debt as a hedge of a portion of its net European investments. Accordingly, the change in the value of the debt that is attributable to foreign exchange movements is recorded in OCI as a component of foreign currency translation adjustments in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

During the first quarter of 2016, the Company entered into and terminated two Euro interest rate swap agreements to hedge the anticipated issuance of fixed-rate debt. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portions of cash flow hedges are recorded in OCI as a component of Losses on derivatives qualifying as hedges in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The Company incurred a loss of €3 million ($3 million) due to the termination of these swaps. The loss is being amortized as interest expense over the life of the 2024 Euro Notes as discussed in Note 9.

During the fourth quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2017, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to hedge the anticipated issuance of fixed-rate debt, which are designated as cash flow hedges. The various hedge instruments were settled upon issuance of the debt on May 18, 2017 and resulted in a loss of approximately $5 million. As discussed in Note 9, the loss is being amortized as interest expense over the life of the 2047 Notes.

During the third quarter of 2022, the Company entered into a transaction to unwind the fourteen outstanding EUR/USD cross currency swaps designated as net investment hedges issued between the third quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2022. The Company received proceeds of approximately $183 million, including $11 million of interest income. The gain arising from the termination of the swaps has been included as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Following the unwinding of the existing swaps, during the third quarter of 2022, the Company entered into twelve new EUR/USD cross currency swaps, with a notional value of $1.400 billion that mature through November 2030. The swaps all qualified as net investment hedges in order to mitigate a portion of the Company's net European investments from foreign currency risk. As of December 31, 2022, the twelve remaining swaps were in a net liability position with an aggregate fair value of $37 million which were classified as Other assets and Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in fair value related to cross currency swaps are recorded in OCI.

The following tables show the Company’s derivative instruments measured at fair value (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy) as reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


	December 31, 2022
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments		Total Fair Value
Derivative assets(1)
Foreign currency contracts	$	—	$	1	$	1
Cross currency swaps	19		—		19

Total derivative assets	$	19	$	1	$	20
Derivative liabilities(2)

Cross currency swaps	$	56	$	—	$	56


	December 31, 2021
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments		Total Fair Value




Derivative liabilities(2)
Foreign currency contracts	$	—	$	2	$	2
Cross currency swaps	5		—		5
Total derivative liabilities	$	5	$	2	$	7

The following table shows the effect of the Company’s derivative instruments which were not designated as hedging instruments in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Amount of Gain (Loss) For the year ended December 31,				Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative
	2022		2021
Foreign currency contracts	$	7	$	6	Other (income) expense, net

The following table shows the effect of the Company’s derivative instruments designated as cash flow and net investment hedging instruments, net of tax, in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative and Non-Derivative (Effective Portion)				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
	For the years ended December 31,					For the years ended December 31,
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	2022		2021			2022		2021
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships:

Foreign currency contracts	$	—	$	7	Cost of goods sold	$	—	$	(6)
Interest rate swaps (1)	—		1		Interest expense	—		(1)
Derivatives in Net Investment Hedging Relationships:

Cross currency swaps	(16)		14		N/A	—		—
Non-Derivatives in Net Investment Hedging Relationships:
2024 Euro Notes	27		38		N/A	—		—
2021 Euro Notes & 2026 Euro Notes	43		72		N/A	—		—
Total	$	54	$	132		$	—	$	(7)