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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net (Notes) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net | GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET Goodwill Movements in goodwill attributable to each reportable segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows:
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS) | Nourish |  | Health & Biosciences |  | Scent |  | Pharma Solutions |  |  |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | 6,050 |  |  | $ | 4,321 |  |  | $ | 1,745 |  |  | $ | 1,239 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,355 |
Transferred to assets held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | (267) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (267) |
Reduction from business divestitures | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (4) |
Foreign exchange | (41) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |  | (53) |
Balance at September 30, 2023 | $ | 6,005 |  |  | $ | 4,314 |  |  | $ | 1,476 |  |  | $ | 1,236 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,031 |
The goodwill balances at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 include $2.250 billion of accumulated impairment related to the Health & Biosciences reportable segment. The accumulated impairment relates entirely to an impairment charge recorded in 2022. Impairment of Goodwill For the third quarter of 2022, the Company determined that goodwill impairment triggering events occurred for its Nourish, Health & Biosciences and Pharma Solutions reporting units, which required it to complete an interim impairment assessment. The primary indicators that were deemed to be triggering events in the quarter for the reporting units were declines in the Company’s projections across various reporting units and ongoing adverse macroeconomic impacts such as inflation, increases in interest rates and unfavorable effects from exchange rates. As a result of the triggering events, the Company assessed the fair value of the reporting units using the income approach. Under the income approach, the Company determined the fair value by using a discounted cash flow method at a rate of return that reflected the relative risk of the projected future cash flows of each reporting unit, as well as a terminal value. The Company used the most current actual and forecasted operating data available. Key estimates and assumptions used in these valuations included revenue growth rates, gross margins, EBITDA margins, terminal growth rates and discount rates. These estimates and assumptions were considered Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy. In performing the quantitative impairment test, the Company determined that the fair value of the Nourish and Pharma Solutions reporting units exceeded their carrying value, and determined that there was no impairment of goodwill relating to these reporting units. The Company determined that the carrying value of the Health & Biosciences reporting unit exceeded its fair value and recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $2.250 billion on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Other Intangible Assets Other intangible assets, net consisted of the following amounts:
| September 30, |  | December 31,
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS) | 2023 |  | 2022
Asset Type |  |  |
Customer relationships | $ | 8,072 |  |  | $ | 8,318 |
Technological know-how | 2,314 |  |  | 2,339 |
Trade names & patents | 331 |  |  | 358 |
Other | 44 |  |  | 47 |
Total carrying value | 10,761 |  |  | 11,062 |
Accumulated Amortization |  |  |
Customer relationships | (1,488) |  |  | (1,252) |
Technological know-how | (745) |  |  | (589) |
Trade names & patents | (107) |  |  | (97) |
Other | (40) |  |  | (42) |
Total accumulated amortization | (2,380) |  |  | (1,980) |
Other intangible assets, net | $ | 8,381 |  |  | $ | 9,082 |
Amortization Amortization expense was $170 million and $182 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $513 million and $552 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense for the next five years is expected to be as follows:
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS) | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027
Estimated future intangible amortization expense | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 692 |  |  | $ | 690 |  |  | $ | 688 |  |  | $ | 589 |
Impairment of Intangible Assets As discussed in Note 1, during the second quarter of 2022, an impairment charge of approximately $92 million was recorded in connection with intangible assets, primarily customer relationships and technological know-how, of an asset group that operated primarily in Russia.

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