Restructuring and other charges primarily consist of separation costs for employees including severance, outplacement and other employee benefit costs (“Severance”), charges related to the write-down of fixed assets of plants to be closed (“Fixed asset write-down”) and all other related restructuring (“Other”) costs. All restructuring and other charges are separately stated on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive Loss.

In connection with the acquisition of Frutarom, the Company executed an integration plan that, among other initiatives, sought to optimize its manufacturing network (the “Frutarom Integration Initiative”). Since the inception of the initiative, the Company closed 22 sites and expensed total costs of approximately $36 million. As of the first quarter of 2023, the Frutarom Integration Initiative was completed.

During 2019, the Company incurred severance charges related to approximately 190 headcount reductions, excluding those previously mentioned under the Frutarom Integration Initiative. The headcount reductions were primarily related to the Scent segment associated with the establishment of a new shared service center in Europe. Since the program’s inception, the Company expensed approximately $15 million. As of the third quarter of 2022, the program was completed.

For 2023, the Company incurred approximately $2 million of charges related to a lease impairment. Since the inception of the restructuring activities, there have been a total of approximately 215 headcount reductions and the Company has expensed approximately $47 million. As of December 31, 2023, the restructuring activities were completed related to employee exits. The Company continues to evaluate its owned and leased properties following the Merger with N&B and may incur additional costs to further consolidate its footprint.

In December 2022, the Company announced a restructuring program mainly related to headcount reduction to improve its organizational and operating structure, drive efficiencies and achieve cost savings. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred approximately $70 million of charges related to severance and there have been a total of approximately 680 actual and planned headcount reductions.


(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Balance at January 1, 2021		Additional Charges (Reversals), Net		Non-Cash Charges		Cash Payments		Balance at December 31, 2021




Frutarom Integration Initiative
Severance	$	3	$	5	$	—	$	(3)	$	5
Fixed asset write down	—		5		(5)		—		—
Other(1)	3		—		—		—		3
2019 Severance Program
Severance	6		—		—		(1)		5


Other Restructuring Charges
Severance	2		—		—		(1)		1

Other(2)	—		1		—		(1)		—
N&B Merger Restructuring Liability
Severance	—		27		—		(12)		15

Other(3)	—		3		(3)		—		—
Total Restructuring and other charges	$	14	$	41	$	(8)	$	(18)	$	29


(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Balance at January 1, 2022		Additional Charges (Reversals), Net		Non-Cash Charges		Cash Payments		Balance at December 31, 2022




Frutarom Integration Initiative
Severance	$	5	$	1	$	—	$	(2)	$	4
Fixed asset write down	—		3		(3)		—		—
Other(1)	3		(2)		—		(1)		—
2019 Severance Program
Severance	5		(5)		—		—		—


Other Restructuring Charges
Severance	1		—		—		—		1


N&B Merger Restructuring Liability
Severance	15		8		—		(14)		9

Other(3)	—		7		(2)		(4)		1
Total Restructuring and other charges	$	29	$	12	$	(5)	$	(21)	$	15


(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Balance at January 1, 2023		Additional Charges (Reversals), Net		Non-Cash Charges		Cash Payments		Balance at December 31, 2023




Frutarom Integration Initiative
Severance	$	4	$	(3)	$	—	$	(1)	$	—






Other Restructuring Charges
Severance	1		(1)		—		—		—


N&B Merger Restructuring Liability
Severance	9		—		—		(9)		—

Other(3)	1		2		(2)		(1)		—
2023 Restructuring Program
Severance	—		70		—		(56)		14
Total Restructuring and other charges	$	15	$	68	$	(2)	$	(67)	$	14

(3)Includes lease impairment charges and losses incurred from restructuring activities related to the Merger with N&B.

The following table summarizes the total amount of costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs and activities by segment:


	December 31,
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	2023		2022		2021
Nourish	$	37	$	8	$	32
Health & Biosciences	13		2		5
Scent	15		1		3
Pharma Solutions	3		1		1
Total Restructuring and other charges	$	68	$	12	$	41