Accounting guidance on fair value measurements specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

•Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The Company determines the fair value of structured liabilities (where performance is linked to structured interest rates, inflation or currency risks) using the Term SOFR swap curve and forward interest and exchange rates at period end. Such instruments are classified as Level 2 based on the observability of significant inputs to the model. The Company does not have any instruments classified as Level 3, other than those included in pension asset trusts included in Note 15. These valuations take into consideration the Company's credit risk and its counterparties’ credit risk.


	2023				2022
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
LEVEL 1
Cash and cash equivalents(1)	$	703	$	703	$	483	$	483
LEVEL 2
Credit facilities and bank overdrafts(2)	3		3		106		106
Derivatives
Derivative assets(3)	41		41		1		1
Derivative liabilities(3)	165		165		75		75
Commercial paper(2)	—		—		187		187
Long-term debt:

2023 Notes(4)	—		—		300		298
2024 Euro Notes(4)	552		549		532		519
2025 Notes(4)	1,000		924		1,000		884
2026 Euro Notes(4)	879		835		845		774
2027 Notes(4)	1,212		1,049		1,215		1,006
2028 Notes(4)	398		389		398		380
2030 Notes(4)	1,508		1,240		1,510		1,188
2040 Notes(4)	773		536		774		535
2047 Notes(4)	495		382		495		390
2048 Notes(4)	787		678		787		685
2050 Notes(4)	1,569		1,029		1,571		1,021
2024 Term Loan Facility(5)	270		270		625		625
2026 Term Loan Facility(5)	625		625		625		625

(4)The fair value of the Note is obtained from pricing services engaged by the Company, and the Company receives one price for each security. The fair value provided by the pricing services are estimated using pricing models, where the inputs to those models are based on observable market inputs or recent trades of similar securities. The inputs to the valuation techniques applied by the pricing services are typically benchmark yields, benchmark security prices, credit spreads, reported trades and broker-dealer quotes, all with reasonable levels of transparency.

The Company periodically enters into foreign currency forward contracts with the objective of managing our exchange rate risk related to foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities of our operations. These contracts generally involve the exchange of one currency for a second currency at a future date, have maturities not exceeding twelve months and are with counterparties which are major international financial institutions.

The Company utilizes options that are not designated as hedging instruments to reduce exposure to commodity price fluctuations on purchases of inventory such as soybeans, soybean oil and soybean meal.

The Company also uses options, futures and swaps that are designated as hedging instruments to reduce exposure to commodity price fluctuations on purchases of natural gas used in our manufacturing process.

Through the third quarter of 2021, the Company maintained several forward currency contracts which qualified as cash flow hedges. The objective of these hedges is to protect against the currency risk associated with forecasted U.S. dollar (“USD”) denominated raw material purchases made by Euro (“EUR”) functional currency entities which result from changes in the EUR/USD exchange rate. The effective portions of cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) as a component of Gains on derivatives qualifying as hedges in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive Loss. Realized gains/(losses) in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) related to cash flow hedges of raw material purchases are recognized as a component of Cost of goods sold in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive Loss in the same period as the related costs are recognized.

Subsequent to the issuance of the 2026 Euro Notes during the third quarter of 2018, the Company designated the debt as a hedge of a portion of its net European investments. Accordingly, the change in the value of the debt that is attributable to foreign exchange movements is recorded in OCI as a component of foreign currency translation adjustments in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive Loss.

Subsequent to the issuance of the 2024 Euro Notes during the first quarter of 2016, the Company designated the debt as a hedge of a portion of its net European investments. Accordingly, the change in the value of the debt that is attributable to foreign exchange movements is recorded in OCI as a component of foreign currency translation adjustments in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive Loss.

During the first quarter of 2016, the Company entered into and terminated two Euro interest rate swap agreements to hedge the anticipated issuance of fixed-rate debt. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portions of cash flow hedges are recorded in OCI as a component of Losses on derivatives qualifying as hedges in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive Loss. The Company incurred a loss of €3 million ($3 million) due to the termination of these swaps. The loss is being amortized as interest expense over the life of the 2024 Euro Notes as discussed in Note 9.

During the fourth quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2017, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to hedge the anticipated issuance of fixed-rate debt, which are designated as cash flow hedges. The various hedge instruments were settled upon issuance of the debt on May 18, 2017 and resulted in a loss of approximately $5 million. As discussed in Note 9, the loss is being amortized as interest expense over the life of the 2047 Notes.

During the third quarter of 2022, the Company entered into a transaction to unwind the fourteen outstanding EUR/USD cross currency swaps designated as net investment hedges issued between the third quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2022. The Company received proceeds of approximately $183 million, including $11 million of interest income. The gain arising from the termination of the swaps has been included as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Following the unwinding of the existing swaps, during the third quarter of 2022, the Company entered into twelve new EUR/USD cross currency swaps, with a notional value of $1.400 billion that mature through November 2030. The swaps all qualified as net investment hedges in order to mitigate a portion of the Company’s net European investments from foreign currency risk. As of December 31, 2023, the twelve remaining swaps were in a liability position with an aggregate fair value of $161 million which were classified as Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in fair value related to cross currency swaps are recorded in OCI.

The following tables show the Company’s derivative instruments measured at fair value (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy) as reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	December 31, 2023
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments		Total Fair Value
Derivative assets(1)
Foreign currency contracts	$	—	$	41	$	41


Total derivative assets	$	—	$	41	$	41
Derivative liabilities(2)
Foreign currency contracts	$	—	$	4	$	4
Cross currency swaps	161		—		161
Total derivative liabilities	$	161	$	4	$	165


	December 31, 2022
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments		Total Fair Value
Derivative assets(1)
Foreign currency contracts	$	—	$	1	$	1


Derivative liabilities(2)

Cross currency swaps	$	75	$	—	$	75

The following table shows the effect of the Company’s derivative instruments which were not designated as hedging instruments in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:


(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	Amount of Gain (Loss) For the year ended December 31,				Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative
	2023		2022
Foreign currency contracts(1)	$	(11)	$	7	Other expense (income), net



Commodity contracts	2		—		Cost of goods sold
Total	$	(9)	$	7

The following table shows the effect of the Company’s derivative instruments designated as net investment hedging instruments, net of tax, in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative and Non-Derivative (Effective Portion)				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
	For the years ended December 31,					For the years ended December 31,
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	2023		2022			2023		2022




Derivatives in Net Investment Hedging Relationships:

Cross currency swaps	$	(67)	$	(16)	N/A	$	—	$	—
Non-Derivatives in Net Investment Hedging Relationships:
2024 Euro Notes	(16)		27		N/A	—		—
2026 Euro Notes	(26)		43		N/A	—		—
Total	$	(109)	$	54		$	—	$	—

The ineffective portion of the above noted net investment hedges was approximately $15 million and $10 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and was recorded as a reduction to interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income and Comprehensive Loss.

At December 31, 2023, based on current market rates, the Company does not expect any derivative losses (net of tax), included in AOCI, to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.