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INCOME TAXES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES
C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc. and its 80 percent (or more) owned U.S. subsidiaries file a consolidated federal return. We file unitary or separate state returns based on state filing requirements. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to audits of U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax returns before 2009. During the first quarter of 2017, we adopted ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). This adoption resulted in a decrease in our provision for income taxes of $9.3 million in the first quarter of 2017. We have asserted that we will indefinitely reinvest earnings of foreign subsidiaries to support expansion of our international business. If we repatriated all foreign earnings, the estimated effect on income taxes payable would be an increase of approximately $19.6 million as of March 31, 2017.
Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was 31.7 percent and 37.4 percent, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was lower than the statutory federal income tax rate due to the adoption of ASU 2016-09.
It is possible the amount of unrecognized tax benefit could change in the next twelve months as a result of a lapse of the statute of limitations and settlements with taxing authorities; however, we do not anticipate the change will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated results of operations or condensed consolidated financial position.