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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended November 30, 2019,

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File No. 1-14187

RPM International Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 02-0642224
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
P.O. BOX 777; 2628 PEARL ROAD; MEDINA, Ohio (Address of principal executive offices) |  | 44258 (Zip Code)

(330) 273-5090

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 |  | RPM |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☐ No ☒.

As of January 3, 2020, the registrant had 129,766,609 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES*

INDEX

|  |  |  | Page No.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements: |  |
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income |  | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  | 5
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 6
|  | Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity |  | 7
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 9
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 31
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 41
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 42
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 43
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 43
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 44
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 45
Signatures |  | 46

* | As used herein, the terms “RPM” and the “Company” refer to RPM International Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

2

PART I. – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | November 30, 2019 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 208,173 |  |  | $ | 223,168 |
Trade accounts receivable (less allowances of $59,824 and $54,748, respectively) |  |  | 1,047,813 |  |  |  | 1,232,350 |
Inventories |  |  | 883,722 |  |  |  | 841,873 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 220,557 |  |  |  | 220,701 |
Total current assets |  |  | 2,360,265 |  |  |  | 2,518,092 |
Property, Plant and Equipment, at Cost |  |  | 1,712,511 |  |  |  | 1,662,859 |
Allowance for depreciation |  |  | (890,736 | ) |  |  | (843,648 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 821,775 |  |  |  | 819,211 |
Other Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 1,259,556 |  |  |  | 1,245,762 |
Other intangible assets, net of amortization |  |  | 595,311 |  |  |  | 601,082 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 284,852 |  |  |  | - |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 34,719 |  |  |  | 34,908 |
Other |  |  | 224,520 |  |  |  | 222,300 |
Total other assets |  |  | 2,398,958 |  |  |  | 2,104,052 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 5,580,998 |  |  | $ | 5,441,355 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 475,288 |  |  | $ | 556,696 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 102,136 |  |  |  | 552,446 |
Accrued compensation and benefits |  |  | 139,403 |  |  |  | 193,345 |
Accrued losses |  |  | 21,646 |  |  |  | 19,899 |
Other accrued liabilities |  |  | 245,595 |  |  |  | 217,019 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 984,068 |  |  |  | 1,539,405 |
Long-Term Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt, less current maturities |  |  | 2,421,339 |  |  |  | 1,973,462 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 243,863 |  |  |  | - |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 415,838 |  |  |  | 405,040 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 112,590 |  |  |  | 114,843 |
Total long-term liabilities |  |  | 3,193,630 |  |  |  | 2,493,345 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $0.01; authorized 50,000 shares; none issued |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Common stock, par value $0.01; authorized 300,000 shares; issued 143,021 and outstanding 129,767 as of November 30, 2019; issued 142,439 and outstanding 130,995 as of May 31, 2019 |  |  | 1,298 |  |  |  | 1,310 |
Paid-in capital |  |  | 1,007,554 |  |  |  | 994,508 |
Treasury stock, at cost |  |  | (547,683 | ) |  |  | (437,290 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | (576,707 | ) |  |  | (577,628 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,516,230 |  |  |  | 1,425,052 |
Total RPM International Inc. stockholders' equity |  |  | 1,400,692 |  |  |  | 1,405,952 |
Noncontrolling Interest |  |  | 2,608 |  |  |  | 2,653 |
Total equity |  |  | 1,403,300 |  |  |  | 1,408,605 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  | $ | 5,580,998 |  |  | $ | 5,441,355 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

3

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net Sales |  | $ | 1,401,292 |  |  | $ | 1,362,531 |  |  | $ | 2,874,056 |  |  | $ | 2,822,520 |
Cost of Sales |  |  | 871,894 |  |  |  | 868,800 |  |  |  | 1,769,904 |  |  |  | 1,779,436 |
Gross Profit |  |  | 529,398 |  |  |  | 493,731 |  |  |  | 1,104,152 |  |  |  | 1,043,084 |
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses |  |  | 403,357 |  |  |  | 385,842 |  |  |  | 803,923 |  |  |  | 800,895 |
Restructuring Charges |  |  | 4,801 |  |  |  | 7,724 |  |  |  | 11,423 |  |  |  | 27,800 |
Interest Expense |  |  | 26,341 |  |  |  | 23,127 |  |  |  | 54,658 |  |  |  | 47,533 |
Investment (Income) Expense, Net |  |  | (8,805 | ) |  |  | 7,033 |  |  |  | (14,190 | ) |  |  | 4,600 |
Other Expense, Net |  |  | 1,951 |  |  |  | 3,412 |  |  |  | 3,736 |  |  |  | 3,725 |
Income Before Income Taxes |  |  | 101,753 |  |  |  | 66,593 |  |  |  | 244,602 |  |  |  | 158,531 |
Provision for Income Taxes |  |  | 24,431 |  |  |  | 17,420 |  |  |  | 60,784 |  |  |  | 39,172 |
Net Income |  |  | 77,322 |  |  |  | 49,173 |  |  |  | 183,818 |  |  |  | 119,359 |
Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | 292 |  |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 371 |
Net Income Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders |  | $ | 77,030 |  |  | $ | 49,224 |  |  | $ | 183,218 |  |  | $ | 118,988 |
Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 128,393 |  |  |  | 131,058 |  |  |  | 128,639 |  |  |  | 131,467 |
Diluted |  |  | 129,079 |  |  |  | 131,667 |  |  |  | 129,294 |  |  |  | 133,278 |
Earnings per Share of Common Stock Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 1.42 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

4

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 2018 |
Net Income |  | $ | 77,322 |  |  | $ | 49,173 |  |  | $ | 183,818 |  |  | $ | 119,359 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | 20,967 |  |  |  | (12,245 | ) |  |  | (7,467 | ) |  |  | (52,935 | )
Pension and other postretirement benefit liability adjustments (net of tax of $1,015; $1,108; $2,119 and $2,090, respectively) |  |  | 3,404 |  |  |  | 3,428 |  |  |  | 7,027 |  |  |  | 6,483 |
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities and other (net of tax of $0; $124; $1 and $543, respectively) |  |  | (155 | ) |  |  | (1,515 | ) |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 962 |
Unrealized gain on derivatives (net of tax of $305; $234; $274 and $249, respectively) |  |  | 381 |  |  |  | 2,349 |  |  |  | 1,165 |  |  |  | 3,271 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 24,597 |  |  |  | (7,983 | ) |  |  | 941 |  |  |  | (42,219 | )
Total Comprehensive Income |  |  | 101,919 |  |  |  | 41,190 |  |  |  | 184,759 |  |  |  | 77,140 |
Less: Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | 343 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 620 |  |  |  | 204 |
Comprehensive Income Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders |  | $ | 101,576 |  |  | $ | 41,150 |  |  | $ | 184,139 |  |  | $ | 76,936 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

5

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 183,818 |  |  | $ | 119,359 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 77,572 |  |  |  | 73,025 |
Restructuring charges, net of payments |  |  | (1,713 | ) |  |  | 7,464 |
Payments of contingent earnout obligations in excess of fair value |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,558 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (5,426 | ) |  |  | (1,400 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 13,034 |  |  |  | 12,896 |
Other non-cash interest expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,552 |
Realized/unrealized (gains) losses on marketable securities |  |  | (8,741 | ) |  |  | 7,496 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,051 |
Other |  |  | (705 | ) |  |  | 2,349 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from purchases and sales of businesses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in receivables |  |  | 183,782 |  |  |  | 92,398 |
(Increase) in inventory |  |  | (41,129 | ) |  |  | (49,020 | )
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current and long-term assets |  |  | 8,524 |  |  |  | (942 | )
(Decrease) in accounts payable |  |  | (70,712 | ) |  |  | (117,678 | )
(Decrease) in accrued compensation and benefits |  |  | (53,589 | ) |  |  | (41,470 | )
Increase in accrued losses |  |  | 1,894 |  |  |  | 1,131 |
Increase in other accrued liabilities |  |  | 13,644 |  |  |  | 33,422 |
Other |  |  | (90 | ) |  |  | 3,098 |
Cash Provided By Operating Activities |  |  | 300,163 |  |  |  | 148,289 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (71,393 | ) |  |  | (57,775 | )
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired |  |  | (36,281 | ) |  |  | (127,848 | )
Purchase of marketable securities |  |  | (14,332 | ) |  |  | (13,276 | )
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities |  |  | 13,100 |  |  |  | 35,426 |
Other |  |  | 2,183 |  |  |  | (2,394 | )
Cash (Used For) Investing Activities |  |  | (106,723 | ) |  |  | (165,867 | )
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to long-term and short-term debt |  |  | 539,277 |  |  |  | 447,843 |
Reductions of long-term and short-term debt |  |  | (542,744 | ) |  |  | (247,440 | )
Cash dividends |  |  | (92,040 | ) |  |  | (89,196 | )
Shares repurchased |  |  | (100,000 | ) |  |  | (81,992 | )
Shares returned for taxes |  |  | (10,155 | ) |  |  | (16,466 | )
Payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration |  |  | (187 | ) |  |  | (3,531 | )
Other |  |  | (664 | ) |  |  | (391 | )
Cash (Used For) Provided By Financing Activities |  |  | (206,513 | ) |  |  | 8,827 |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  | (1,922 | ) |  |  | (8,757 | )
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  | (14,995 | ) |  |  | (17,508 | )
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period |  |  | 223,168 |  |  |  | 244,422 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period |  | $ | 208,173 |  |  | $ | 226,914 |
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flows Information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 58,953 |  |  | $ | 49,687 |
Income Taxes, net of refunds |  | $ | 73,322 |  |  | $ | 25,311 |
Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion of Debt to Equity |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 38,239 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

6

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total RPM |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | of |  |  | Par/Stated |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Retained |  |  | International |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Total |
|  | Shares |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Stock |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Inc. Equity |  |  | Interests |  |  | Equity |
Balance at June 1, 2019 |  |  | 130,995 |  |  | $ | 1,310 |  |  | $ | 994,508 |  |  | $ | (437,290 | ) |  | $ | (577,628 | ) |  | $ | 1,425,052 |  |  | $ | 1,405,952 |  |  | $ | 2,653 |  |  | $ | 1,408,605 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 106,188 |  |  |  | 106,188 |  |  |  | 308 |  |  |  | 106,496 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (23,625 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (23,625 | ) |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | (23,656 | )
Dividends declared and paid ($0.35 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (45,323 | ) |  |  | (45,323 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (45,323 | )
Other noncontrolling interest activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (297 | ) |  |  | (297 | )
Share repurchases under repurchase program |  |  | (1,656 | ) |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | (100,000 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (100,000 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (100,000 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | 330 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 6,557 |  |  |  | (6,360 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 200 |
Balance at August 31, 2019 |  |  | 129,669 |  |  | $ | 1,297 |  |  | $ | 1,001,081 |  |  | $ | (543,650 | ) |  | $ | (601,253 | ) |  | $ | 1,485,917 |  |  | $ | 1,343,392 |  |  | $ | 2,633 |  |  | $ | 1,346,025 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 77,030 |  |  |  | 77,030 |  |  |  | 292 |  |  |  | 77,322 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 24,546 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 24,546 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 24,597 |
Dividends declared and paid ($0.36 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,717 | ) |  |  | (46,717 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,717 | )
Other noncontrolling interest activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (368 | ) |  |  | (368 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 6,473 |  |  |  | (4,033 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,441 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,441 |
Balance at November 30, 2019 |  |  | 129,766 |  |  | $ | 1,298 |  |  | $ | 1,007,554 |  |  | $ | (547,683 | ) |  | $ | (576,707 | ) |  | $ | 1,516,230 |  |  | $ | 1,400,692 |  |  | $ | 2,608 |  |  | $ | 1,403,300 |

7

|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total RPM |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | of |  |  | Par/Stated |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Retained |  |  | International |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Total |
|  | Shares |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Stock |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Inc. Equity |  |  | Interests |  |  | Equity |
Balance at June 1, 2018 |  |  | 133,647 |  |  | $ | 1,336 |  |  | $ | 982,067 |  |  | $ | (236,318 | ) |  | $ | (459,048 | ) |  | $ | 1,342,736 |  |  | $ | 1,630,773 |  |  | $ | 2,765 |  |  | $ | 1,633,538 |
Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2014-09 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,833 | ) |  |  | (2,833 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,833 | )
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 69,764 |  |  |  | 69,764 |  |  |  | 422 |  |  |  | 70,186 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (33,978 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (33,978 | ) |  |  | (258 | ) |  |  | (34,236 | )
Dividends declared and paid ($0.32 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (42,715 | ) |  |  | (42,715 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (42,715 | )
Other noncontrolling interest activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |
Share repurchases under repurchase program |  |  | (103 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (6,994 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,994 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,994 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 10,018 |  |  |  | (13,587 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,570 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,570 | )
Balance at August 31, 2018 |  |  | 133,408 |  |  | $ | 1,334 |  |  | $ | 992,086 |  |  | $ | (256,899 | ) |  | $ | (493,026 | ) |  | $ | 1,366,952 |  |  | $ | 1,610,447 |  |  | $ | 2,932 |  |  | $ | 1,613,379 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 49,224 |  |  |  | 49,224 |  |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | 49,173 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (8,074 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (8,074 | ) |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | (7,983 | )
Dividends declared and paid ($0.35 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,481 | ) |  |  | (46,481 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,481 | )
Other noncontrolling interest activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 567 |  |  |  | 567 |
Share repurchases under repurchase program |  |  | (1,145 | ) |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | (74,998 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (74,998 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (74,998 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | 274 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 7,277 |  |  |  | (2,082 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,197 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,197 |
Convertible bond redemption |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | (23,029 | ) |  |  | 20,215 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,808 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,808 | )
Balance at November 30, 2018 |  |  | 133,136 |  |  | $ | 1,331 |  |  | $ | 976,345 |  |  | $ | (313,764 | ) |  | $ | (501,100 | ) |  | $ | 1,369,695 |  |  | $ | 1,532,507 |  |  | $ | 3,539 |  |  | $ | 1,536,046 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

8

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 — CONSOLIDATION, NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included for the three- and six-month periods ended November 30, 2019 and 2018. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2019.

Our financial statements include all of our majority-owned subsidiaries. We account for our investments in less-than-majority-owned joint ventures, for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, under the equity method. Effects of transactions between related companies are eliminated in consolidation.

Noncontrolling interests are presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements as if parent company investors (controlling interests) and other minority investors (noncontrolling interests) in partially-owned subsidiaries have similar economic interests in a single entity. As a result, investments in noncontrolling interests are reported as equity in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, our Consolidated Financial Statements include 100% of a controlled subsidiary’s earnings, rather than only our share. Transactions between the parent company and noncontrolling interests are reported in equity as transactions between stockholders, provided that these transactions do not create a change in control.

Our business is dependent on external weather factors. Historically, we have experienced strong sales and net income in our first, second and fourth fiscal quarters comprising the three-month periods ending August 31, November 30 and May 31, respectively, with weaker performance in our third fiscal quarter (December through February).

NOTE 2 — NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which increases lease transparency and comparability among organizations. Under the new standard, lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing our right to use an underlying asset and a lease liability representing our obligation to make lease payments over the lease term, with the exception of leases with a term of 12 months or less, which permits a lessee to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and liabilities. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. In March 2018, the FASB approved an alternative transition method to the modified retrospective approach, which eliminates the requirement to restate prior period financial statements and requires the cumulative effect of the retrospective allocation to be recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the date of adoption.

We have adopted the new leasing standard on the required effective date of June 1, 2019 using the alternative transition method as described above. Results for reporting periods beginning on June 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts continue to be reported and disclosed in accordance with our historical accounting treatment under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 840, “Leases (ASC 840).” We elected to apply the package of practical expedients permitted under the ASC 842 transition guidance. Accordingly, we did not reassess whether any expired or expiring contracts contain leases, lease classification between finance and operating leases, and the recognition of initial direct costs of leases commencing before the effective date. We also applied the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components to existing leases, as well as new leases through transition. However, we did not elect the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for existing leases. As a result of our adoption procedures, we have determined that the new guidance had a material impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and did not have a material effect on our Consolidated Statements of Income, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows or our debt covenants. The effects of our transition to ASC 842 resulted in no cumulative adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. Refer to Note 13, “Leases,” for additional information.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” which requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Additionally, the standard amends the current available-for-sale security other-than-temporary impairment model for debt securities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

9

In August 2018, the SEC issued Final Rule Release No. 33-10532, “Disclosure Update and Simplification,” which makes a number of changes meant to simplify interim disclosures. The new rule requires a presentation of changes in stockholders’ equity and noncontrolling interest in the form of a reconciliation, either as a separate financial statement or in the notes to the financial statements, for the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods. In July 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-07, “Codification Updates to SEC Sections – Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Final Rule Releases No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, and Nos. 33-10231 and 33-10442, Investment Company Reporting Modernization and Miscellaneous Updates (SEC Update).” ASU 2019-07 codifies Final Rule Release No. 33-10532. The additional elements of th is release did not have a material impact on our overall Consolidated Financial Statements. We adopted the new disclosure requirements in our Form 10-Q for the period ended February 28, 2019.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” to eliminate step two from the goodwill impairment test in order to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement (Topic 220), Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” which allows for an entity to reclassify the tax effects of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) that were previously recorded in accumulated comprehensive income to retained earnings. The adoption of this new guidance, effective June 1, 2019, did not have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements as we did not elect the option to reclassify to retained earnings the tax effects resulting from the Tax Act that were previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of the update. We do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20), Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with employers that sponsor defined benefit or other postretirement plans. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities and the amendments in this update are required to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740),” which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Depending on the amendment, adoption may be applied on the retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective basis. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTE 3 — CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE

During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we changed our method of accounting for shipping and handling costs, which we have identified as costs paid to third-party shippers for transporting products to customers. Under the new method of accounting, we include shipping costs in cost of sales, whereas previously, they were included in SG&A expense.

10

We believe that including these expenses in cost of sales is preferable, as it better aligns these costs with the related revenue in the gross profit calculation and is consistent with the practices of other industry peers. This change in accounting principle has been applied retrospectively, and the consolidated statements of income reflect the effect of this accounting principle change for all periods presented. This reclassification had no impact on income before income taxes, net income attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders, net income or earnings per share. The consolidated balance sheets, statements of comprehensive income, statements of stockholders’ equity, and statements of cash flows were not impacted by this accounting principle change.

The consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting principle. The impact of the adjustment for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018 was an increase of $44.2 million and $88.9 million, respectively, to cost of sales and a corresponding decrease to SG&A expense.

NOTE 4 — RESTRUCTURING

We record restructuring charges associated with management-approved restructuring plans to either reorganize one or more of our business segments, or to remove duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with our businesses. Restructuring charges can include severance costs to eliminate a specified number of employees, infrastructure charges to vacate facilities and consolidate operations, contract cancellation costs and other costs. Restructuring charges are recorded based upon planned employee termination dates and site closure and consolidation plans. The timing of associated cash payments is dependent upon the type of restructuring charge and can extend over a multi-year period. We record the short-term portion of our restructuring liability in Other Accrued Liabilities and the long-term portion, if any, in Other Long-Term Liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

2020 MAP to Growth

Between May and August 2018, we approved and implemented the initial phases of a multi-year restructuring plan, the 2020 Margin Acceleration Plan (“2020 MAP to Growth”). The initial phases of our 2020 MAP to Growth affected all of our reportable segments, as well as our corporate/nonoperating segment, and focused on margin improvement by simplifying business processes; reducing inventory categories and rationalizing SKUs; eliminating underperforming businesses; reducing headcount and working capital; and improving operating efficiency. The majority of the activities included in the initial phases of the restructuring activities have been completed.

During the second quarter ended November 30, 2018, we formally announced the final phases of our 2020 MAP to Growth. This multi-year restructuring is expected to increase operational efficiency while maintaining our entrepreneurial growth culture and will include three additional phases between September 2018 and December 2020. Our execution of the 2020 MAP to Growth will continue to drive the de-layering and simplification of management and businesses associated with group realignment. We will implement four center-led functional areas including manufacturing and operations; procurement and supply chain; information technology; and accounting and finance.

Our 2020 MAP to Growth will optimize our manufacturing facilities and will ultimately provide more efficient plant and distribution facilities. To date, in association with our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative, we have completed, or are in the process of completing, the planned closure of 18 plants and 23 warehouses. We also expect to incur additional severance and benefit costs as part of our planned closure of these facilities.

Throughout the additional phases of our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative, we will continue to assess and find areas of improvement and cost savings. As such, the final implementation of the aforementioned phases and total expected costs are subject to change. In addition to the announced plan, we have continued to broaden the scope of our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative, specifically in consolidation of the general and administrative areas, potential outsourcing, as well as additional future plant closures and consolidations; the estimated costs of which have not yet been finalized. The current total expected costs associated with this plan are outlined in the table below and increased by approximately $4.6 million compared to our previous estimate, primarily attributable to increases in expected severance and benefit charges of $4.6 million. Most activities under our 2020 MAP to Growth are anticipated to be completed by the end of calendar year 2020.

11

Following is a summary of the charges recorded in connection with restructuring by reportable segment:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |  |  | Cumulative Costs |  |  | Total Expected |
(in thousands) |  | November 30, 2019 |  |  | November 30, 2019 |  |  | to Date |  |  | Costs |
Construction Products Group (“CPG”) Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (a) |  | $ | 1,447 |  |  | $ | 1,607 |  |  | $ | 12,836 |  |  | $ | 22,146 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 798 |  |  |  | 3,767 |  |  |  | 4,597 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 1,629 |  |  |  | 2,151 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 1,596 |  |  | $ | 2,444 |  |  | $ | 18,232 |  |  | $ | 28,894 |
Performance Coatings Group (“PCG”) Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (b) |  | $ | 431 |  |  | $ | 2,931 |  |  | $ | 9,344 |  |  | $ | 14,765 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 636 |  |  |  | 745 |  |  |  | 4,219 |  |  |  | 6,638 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | 528 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 1,239 |  |  | $ | 3,848 |  |  | $ | 14,086 |  |  | $ | 21,931 |
Consumer Group (“Consumer”) Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (c) |  | $ | 780 |  |  | $ | 1,547 |  |  | $ | 8,925 |  |  | $ | 12,424 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 344 |  |  |  | 860 |  |  |  | 7,552 |  |  |  | 9,352 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 25 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 1,124 |  |  | $ | 2,407 |  |  | $ | 16,502 |  |  | $ | 21,801 |
Specialty Products Group (“Specialty”) Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (d) |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 414 |  |  | $ | 5,750 |  |  | $ | 10,640 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 731 |  |  |  | 2,190 |  |  |  | 3,434 |  |  |  | 6,697 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 1,107 |  |  |  | 1,334 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 819 |  |  | $ | 2,708 |  |  | $ | 10,291 |  |  | $ | 18,671 |
Corporate/Other Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 12,136 |  |  | $ | 12,136 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 12,136 |  |  | $ | 12,136 |
Consolidated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs |  | $ | 2,729 |  |  | $ | 6,515 |  |  | $ | 48,991 |  |  | $ | 72,111 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 1,821 |  |  |  | 4,593 |  |  |  | 18,972 |  |  |  | 27,284 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 3,284 |  |  |  | 4,038 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 4,801 |  |  | $ | 11,423 |  |  | $ | 71,247 |  |  | $ | 103,433 |

(a) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 25 positions and 46 positions during the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, respectively.

(b) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 18 positions and 69 positions during the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, respectively.

(c) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 9 positions and 11 positions during the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, respectively.

(d) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 49 positions and 59 positions during the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, respectively.

12

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
(in thousands) |  | November 30, 2018 |  |  | November 30, 2018 |
Construction Products Group (“CPG”) Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (e) |  | $ | 3,574 |  |  | $ | 5,993 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 384 |  |  |  | 397 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 368 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 3,961 |  |  | $ | 6,758 |
Performance Coatings Group (“PCG”) Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (f) |  | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | 4,769 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 483 |  |  |  | 906 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | 359 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 993 |  |  | $ | 6,034 |
Consumer Group (“Consumer”) Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (g) |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 1,095 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | 105 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total Charges |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 1,200 |
Specialty Products Group (“Specialty”) Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (h) |  | $ | 1,458 |  |  | $ | 3,678 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 65 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 1,528 |  |  | $ | 3,748 |
Corporate/Other Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (i) |  | $ | 1,061 |  |  | $ | 10,060 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 1,061 |  |  | $ | 10,060 |
Consolidated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs |  | $ | 6,533 |  |  | $ | 25,595 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 1,037 |  |  |  | 1,473 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | 732 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 7,724 |  |  | $ | 27,800 |

(e) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 37 positions and 68 positions during the three and six months ended November 30, 2018, respectively. Additionally, $0.2 million included in the charges incurred during the six months ended November 30, 2018 are associated with the prior elimination of one position within the legal function during fiscal 2018.

(f) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 17 positions and 102 positions during the three and six months ended November 30, 2018, respectively.

(g) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 9 positions during the six months ended November 30, 2018.

(h) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 95 positions and 120 positions during the three and six months ended November 30, 2018, respectively.

(i) | Reflects charges related to the severance of two corporate executives, as well as accelerated vesting of equity awards for two corporate executives, four Specialty segment executives and three CPG segment executives in connection with the aforementioned restructuring activities.

13

A summary of the activity in the restructuring reserves related to our 2020 MAP to Growth is as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Severance and Benefits Costs |  |  | Facility Closure and Other Related Costs |  |  | Other Asset Write-Offs |  |  | Total |
Balance at August 31, 2019 |  | $ | 2,946 |  |  | $ | 9,430 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 12,376 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 2,729 |  |  |  | 1,821 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 4,801 |
Cash payments charged against reserve |  |  | (2,109 | ) |  |  | (5,016 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,125 | )
Non-cash charges included above (j) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (155 | ) |  |  | (251 | ) |  |  | (406 | )
Balance at November 30, 2019 |  | $ | 3,566 |  |  | $ | 6,080 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 9,646 |
(in thousands) |  | Severance and Benefits Costs |  |  | Facility Closure and Other Related Costs |  |  | Other Asset Write-Offs |  |  | Total |
Balance at June 1, 2019 |  | $ | 4,837 |  |  | $ | 7,857 |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 12,694 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 6,515 |  |  |  | 4,593 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 11,423 |
Cash payments charged against reserve |  |  | (7,786 | ) |  |  | (5,350 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (13,136 | )
Non-cash charges included above (j) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,020 | ) |  |  | (315 | ) |  |  | (1,335 | )
Balance at November 30, 2019 |  | $ | 3,566 |  |  | $ | 6,080 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 9,646 |
(in thousands) |  | Severance and Benefits Costs |  |  | Facility Closure and Other Related Costs |  |  | Other Asset Write-Offs |  |  | Total |
Balance at August 31, 2018 |  | $ | 10,960 |  |  | $ | 5,364 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 16,324 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 6,533 |  |  |  | 1,037 |  |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | 7,724 |
Cash payments charged against reserve |  |  | (6,013 | ) |  |  | (1,330 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,343 | )
Non-cash charges included above (j) |  |  | (1,053 | ) |  |  | (2,536 | ) |  |  | (154 | ) |  |  | (3,743 | )
Balance at November 30, 2018 |  | $ | 10,427 |  |  | $ | 2,535 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 12,962 |
(in thousands) |  | Severance and Benefits Costs |  |  | Facility Closure and Other Related Costs |  |  | Other Asset Write-Offs |  |  | Total |
Balance at June 1, 2018 |  | $ | 9,957 |  |  | $ | 6,184 |  |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 17,514 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 25,595 |  |  |  | 1,473 |  |  |  | 732 |  |  |  | 27,800 |
Cash payments charged against reserve |  |  | (18,588 | ) |  |  | (1,748 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (20,336 | )
Non-cash charges included above (j) |  |  | (6,537 | ) |  |  | (3,374 | ) |  |  | (2,105 | ) |  |  | (12,016 | )
Balance at November 30, 2018 |  | $ | 10,427 |  |  | $ | 2,535 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 12,962 |

(j) | Non-cash charges primarily include accelerated vesting of equity awards and asset-write offs.

In connection with our 2020 MAP to Growth, during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we incurred approximately $6.3 million and $1.0 million of inventory-related charges at our Consumer and PCG segments, respectively. During the first half of fiscal 2020, we incurred $7.2 million, $3.1 million and $0.3 million of inventory-related charges at our Consumer, PCG, and CPG segments, respectively. During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we incurred approximately $2.3 million, $1.0 million and $0.3 million of inventory-related charges at our PCG, Consumer and CPG segments, respectively. During the first half of fiscal 2019, we incurred $6.6 million, $1.3 million and $0.5 million of inventory-related charges at our PCG, Consumer and CPG segments, respectively. The fiscal 2019 inventory-related charges were partially offset by a favorable adjustment of approximately $0.2 million to the fiscal 2018 inventory write-off at our Consumer segment. All of the aforementioned inventory-related charges are recorded in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Income. These inventory charges were the result of product line and SKU rationalization initiatives in connection with our overall plan of restructuring.

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NOTE 5 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial instruments recorded in the balance sheet include cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, marketable securities, notes and accounts payable, and debt.

An allowance for anticipated uncollectible trade receivable amounts is established using a combination of specifically identified accounts to be reserved, and a reserve covering trends in collectibility. These estimates are based on an analysis of trends in collectibility and past experience, but are primarily made up of individual account balances identified as doubtful based on specific facts and conditions. Receivable losses are charged against the allowance when we confirm uncollectibility.

All derivative instruments are recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments that do not qualify as hedges and/or any ineffective portion of hedges are recognized as a gain or (loss) in our Consolidated Statements of Income in the current period. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used effectively as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), along with the change in the value of the hedged item. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

The valuation techniques utilized for establishing the fair values of assets and liabilities are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect management’s market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:

Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 Inputs — Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.

The following tables present our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy.

(In thousands) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Fair Value at November 30, 2019 |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and other government |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 24,209 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 24,209 |
Corporate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  | 471 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 471 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 24,680 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 24,680 |
Trading and other equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds - foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  | 36,251 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 36,251 |
Mutual funds - domestic |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75,037 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75,037 |
Total trading and other equity securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 111,288 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 111,288 |
Contingent consideration |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (15,748 | ) |  |  | (15,748 | )
Total |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 135,968 |  |  | $ | (15,748 | ) |  | $ | 120,220 |

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(In thousands) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Fair Value at May 31, 2019 |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and other government |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 24,547 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 24,547 |
Corporate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  | 462 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 462 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 25,009 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 25,009 |
Trading and other equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds - foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,082 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,082 |
Mutual funds - domestic |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67,739 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67,739 |
Total trading and other equity securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 99,821 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 99,821 |
Contingent consideration |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (21,551 | ) |  |  | (21,551 | )
Total |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 124,830 |  |  | $ | (21,551 | ) |  | $ | 103,279 |

Our investments in available-for-sale debt securities and trading and other equity securities are valued using a market approach. The availability of inputs observable in the market varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded and other characteristics particular to the transaction. For most of our financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants, and the valuation does not require significant management discretion. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the market and may require management judgment.

The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with recent acquisitions that is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance milestones. We estimated the fair value using expected future cash flows over the period in which the obligation is expected to be settled, and applied a discount rate that appropriately captures a market participant's view of the risk associated with the obligation, which are considered to be Level 3 inputs. During the first half of fiscal 2020, we paid approximately $5.9 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during the current period. During the first half of fiscal 2019, we paid approximately $4.7 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during last year’s first half and recorded an increase in the accrual for approximately $2.7 million related to fair value adjustments. In the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration for the amount recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date are reported in cash flows from financing activities, while payments of contingent consideration in excess of fair value are reported in cash flows from operating activities.

The carrying value of our current financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. At November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, the fair value of our long-term debt was estimated using active market quotes, based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which are Level 2 inputs. Based on the analysis performed, the fair value and the carrying value of our financial instruments and long-term debt as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019 are as follows:

|  | At November 30, 2019 |
(In thousands) |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 208,173 |  |  | $ | 208,173 |
Marketable equity securities |  |  | 97,798 |  |  |  | 97,798 |
Marketable debt securities |  |  | 24,680 |  |  |  | 24,680 |
Long-term debt, including current portion |  |  | 2,523,475 |  |  |  | 2,616,790 |
|  | At May 31, 2019 |
(In thousands) |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 223,168 |  |  | $ | 223,168 |
Marketable equity securities |  |  | 87,525 |  |  |  | 87,525 |
Marketable debt securities |  |  | 25,009 |  |  |  | 25,009 |
Long-term debt, including current portion |  |  | 2,525,908 |  |  |  | 2,526,817 |

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NOTE 6 — DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, from time to time, we enter into various derivative transactions. We use various types of derivative instruments including forward contracts and swaps. We formally assess, designate and document, as a hedge of an underlying exposure, each qualifying derivative instrument that will be accounted for as an accounting hedge at inception. Additionally, we assess, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the financial instruments used in the hedging transaction are effective at offsetting changes in either the fair values or cash flows of the underlying exposures.

Net Investment Hedge

In October 2017, as a means of mitigating the impact of currency fluctuations on our Euro investments in foreign entities, we executed a fair value hedge and two cross currency swaps, in which we will pay variable rate interest in Euros and receive fixed rate interest in U.S. Dollars with a combined notional amount of approximately €85.25 million ($100 million U.S. Dollar equivalent), and which have a maturity date of November 2022. This effectively converts a portion of our U.S. Dollar denominated fixed-rate debt to Euro denominated variable rate debt. The fair value hedge is recognized at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, while changes in the fair value of the hedge are recognized in interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We designated the swaps as net investment hedges of our net investment in our European operations under ASU 2017-12 and applied the spot method to these hedges. The changes in fair value of the derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of net investments in foreign operations are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to offset the changes in the values of the net investments being hedged. Amounts released from AOCI and reclassified into interest expense did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges

At November 30, 2019, and May 31, 2019, we held one foreign currency forward contract designed to reduce our exposure to changes in the cash flows of intercompany foreign-currency-denominated loans related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates by fixing the functional currency cash flows. The contract has not been designated as a hedge; therefore, the changes in fair value of the derivative are recognized in earnings as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”). Amounts recognized in earnings did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented. As of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, the notional amounts of the forward contract held to purchase foreign currencies was $61.0 million and $38.7 million, respectively.

Disclosure about Derivative Instruments

All of our derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. We determine the fair value of our derivatives based on valuation methods, which project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to present value using market based observable inputs, including interest rate curves, foreign currency rates, as well as future and basis point spreads, as applicable.

The fair values of qualifying and non-qualifying instruments used in hedging transactions as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019 are as follows:

(in thousands) |  |  |  | Fair Value |
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | November 30, 2019 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Swap (Fair Value) |  | Other Current Assets |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | 513 |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  | Other Current Assets |  |  | 2,198 |  |  |  | 2,482 |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  | Other Assets (Long-Term) |  |  | 5,136 |  |  |  | 6,163 |
Interest Rate Swap (Fair Value) |  | Other Assets (Long-Term) |  |  | 882 |  |  |  | - |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Swap (Fair Value) |  | Other Accrued Liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 230 |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  | Other Accrued Liabilities |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  | Other Long-Term Liabilities |  |  | 1,445 |  |  |  | 4,276 |

17

(in thousands) |  |  |  | Fair Value |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | November 30, 2019 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Currency Exchange |  | Other Current Assets |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 51 |

NOTE 7 — INVESTMENT (INCOME) EXPENSE, NET

Investment (income) expense, net, consists of the following components:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Interest (income) |  | $ | (1,429 | ) |  | $ | (828 | ) |  | $ | (2,776 | ) |  | $ | (1,732 | )
Net (gain) loss on marketable securities |  |  | (6,939 | ) |  |  | 8,520 |  |  |  | (10,479 | ) |  |  | 8,134 |
Dividend (income) |  |  | (437 | ) |  |  | (659 | ) |  |  | (935 | ) |  |  | (1,802 | )
Investment (income) expense, net |  | $ | (8,805 | ) |  | $ | 7,033 |  |  | $ | (14,190 | ) |  | $ | 4,600 |

Net (Gain) Loss on Marketable Securities

Of the $6.9 million in net gains on marketable securities recognized during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, approximately $6.0 million related to unrealized gains on marketable equity securities and approximately $1.0 million was related to unrealized gains on trading securities. Additionally, of the $10.5 million in net gains on marketable securities recognized during the first half of fiscal 2020, approximately $8.9 million related to unrealized gains on marketable equity securities and $1.7 million in unrealized gains on trading securities.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we recognized gross realized losses on sales of marketable securities of $1.0 million and unrealized losses on trading securities of $1.0 million. For the first half of fiscal 2019, we recognized realized gains and losses on sales of securities of $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities of $0.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively. During the three and six-month periods ended November 30, 2018, we recognized $6.5 million in unrealized losses on marketable equity securities.

NOTE 8 — OTHER EXPENSE, NET

Other expense, net, consists of the following components:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Royalty (income) expense, net |  | $ | (360 | ) |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | (94 | ) |  | $ | 66 |
(Income) loss related to unconsolidated equity affiliates |  |  | (65 | ) |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | (166 | )
Pension non-service costs |  |  | 1,550 |  |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 2,979 |  |  |  | 774 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt (a) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,051 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,051 |
Loss on divestiture (b) |  |  | 826 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 826 |  |  |  | - |
Other expense, net |  | $ | 1,951 |  |  | $ | 3,412 |  |  | $ | 3,736 |  |  | $ | 3,725 |

(a) | In connection with the redemption of all our outstanding 2.25% convertible senior notes in November 2018, we recognized a loss of $3.1 million, due to the fair value measurement of the instrument on the date of conversion.

(b) | Reflects the loss incurred upon divestiture of a contracting business located in Australia, which had reported through our PCG segment.

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NOTE 9 — INCOME TAXES

The effective income tax rate of 24.0% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compares to the effective income tax rate of 26.2% for the three months ended November 30, 2018. The effective income tax rates for the three months ended November 30, 2019 and 2018 reflect variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and the net tax on foreign subsidiary income resulting from the global intangible low-taxed income provisions, partially offset by tax benefits related to equity compensation. Additionally, the effective income tax rate for the three months ended November 30, 2019 reflects favorable adjustments related to certain valuation allowances and reserves for uncertain tax positions.

The effective income tax rate of 24.8% for the six months ended November 30, 2019 compares to the effective income tax rate of 24.7% for the six months ended November 30, 2018. The effective income tax rates for the six months ended November 30, 2019 and 2018 reflect variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and the net tax on foreign subsidiary income resulting from the global intangible low-taxed income provisions, partially offset by tax benefits related to equity compensation.

Our deferred tax liability for unremitted foreign earnings was $18.8 million as of November 30, 2019, which represents our estimate of the foreign tax cost associated with the deemed remittance of $414.7 million of foreign earnings that are not considered to be permanently reinvested. We have not provided for foreign withholding or income taxes on the remaining foreign subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings because such earnings have been retained and reinvested by the subsidiaries as of November 30, 2019. Accordingly, no provision has been made for foreign withholding or income taxes, which may become payable if the remaining undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries were remitted to us as dividends.

NOTE 10 — INVENTORIES

Inventories, net of reserves, were composed of the following major classes:

(In thousands) |  | November 30, 2019 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |
Raw material and supplies |  | $ | 294,212 |  |  | $ | 296,493 |
Finished goods |  |  | 589,510 |  |  |  | 545,380 |
Total Inventory, Net of Reserves |  | $ | 883,722 |  |  | $ | 841,873 |

NOTE 11 — STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM

On January 8, 2008, we announced our authorization of a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of RPM International Inc. common stock at management’s discretion for general corporate purposes. As announced on November 28, 2018, our goal is to return $1.0 billion in capital to stockholders by May 31, 2021 through share repurchases. On April 16, 2019, after taking into account share repurchases under our existing stock repurchase program to date, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of the remaining $600.0 million in value of RPM International Inc. common stock by May 31, 2021. As a result, we may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in private transactions at various times and in amounts and for prices that our management deems appropriate, subject to insider trading rules and other securities law restrictions. The timing of our purchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, alternative uses of capital and other factors. We may limit or terminate the repurchase program at any time. During the three months ended November 30, 2019, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under this program. During the three months ended November 30, 2018, we repurchased 1,144,952 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $75.0 million, or an average cost of $65.50 per share, under this program. During the six months ended November 30, 2019, we repurchased 1,655,616 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $100.0 million, or an average cost of $60.40 per share, under this program. During the six months ended November 30, 2018, we repurchased 1,248,398 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $82.0 million, or an average cost of $65.68 per share, under this program.

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NOTE 12 — EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three- and six-month periods ended November 30, 2019 and 2018. For the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, and the three months ended November 30, 2018, basic and diluted earnings per share was calculated using the two-class method. For the six months ended November 30, 2018, basic earnings per share was calculated using the two-class method and diluted earnings per share was calculated using the treasury method.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Numerator for earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders |  | $ | 77,030 |  |  | $ | 49,224 |  |  | $ | 183,218 |  |  | $ | 118,988 |
Less: Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities |  |  | (548 | ) |  |  | (460 | ) |  |  | (1,167 | ) |  |  | (936 | )
Net income available to common shareholders - basic |  |  | 76,482 |  |  |  | 48,764 |  |  |  | 182,051 |  |  |  | 118,052 |
Add: Undistributed earnings reallocated to unvested shareholders |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | - |
Add: Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 936 |
Net income available to common shareholders - diluted |  | $ | 76,483 |  |  | $ | 48,764 |  |  | $ | 182,054 |  |  | $ | 118,988 |
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average common shares |  |  | 128,393 |  |  |  | 131,058 |  |  |  | 128,639 |  |  |  | 131,467 |
Average diluted options and awards |  |  | 686 |  |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | 655 |  |  |  | 1,811 |
Total shares for diluted earnings per share (1) |  |  | 129,079 |  |  |  | 131,667 |  |  |  | 129,294 |  |  |  | 133,278 |
Earnings Per Share of Common Stock Attributable to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
RPM International Inc. Stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings Per Share of Common Stock |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 1.42 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share of Common Stock |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |

(1) | Restricted shares totaling 178,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2019, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no shares of restricted stock identified as being anti-dilutive for the three months ended November 30, 2019, or the three or six months ended November 30, 2018. Stock appreciation rights (SARs) totaling 790,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2019 and 480,000 and 890,000 for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no SARs identified as being anti-dilutive for the three months ended November 30, 2019.

NOTE 13—LEASES

We have leases for manufacturing facilities, warehouses, office facilities, equipment, and vehicles, which are primarily classified and accounted for as operating leases. We have a small portfolio of finance leases, which are not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Some leases include one or more options to renew, generally at our sole discretion, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to five years or more. In addition, certain leases contain termination options, where the rights to terminate are held by either us, the lessor, or both parties. These options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the lease terms when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We have made an accounting policy election not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less, with no purchase option that we are reasonably certain to exercise. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the fixed and in-substance fixed lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The ROU assets also include any initial direct costs incurred and lease payments made at or before the commencement date and are reduced by lease incentives. We use our incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate to determine the present value of the lease payments for leases, as our leases do not have readily determinable implicit discount rates. Our incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that we would have to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount in a similar economic environment. We determine the incremental borrowing rates for our leases by adjusting the local risk-free interest rate with a credit risk premium corresponding to our credit rating.

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Operating lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease cost is recognized as a combination of the amortization expense for the ROU assets and interest expense for the outstanding lease liabilities using the discount rate discussed above. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Certain vendors have the right to declare that we are in default of our agreements if any such vendor, including the lessors under its vehicle leases, determines that a change in our financial condition poses a substantially increased credit risk. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. I ncome from subleases was not significant for any period presented.

During the three months ended November 30, 2019, we incurred lease costs of $21.5 million, which is primarily comprised of operating lease cost of $17.8 million and other costs of $3.7 million which include costs for our finance leases, short-term leases, and variable lease payments.

During the six months ended November 30, 2019, we incurred lease costs of $42.2 million, which is primarily comprised of operating lease costs of $35.9 million and other costs of $6.3 million, which include costs for our finance leases, short-term leases and variable lease payments.

For the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, we paid approximately $17.1 million and $34.0 million, respectively, for operating lease obligations. These payments are included in operating cash flows. In addition, during the six months ended November 30, 2019, we recognized ROU assets for $41.1 million in exchange for new operating lease obligations. At November 30, 2019, the weighted-average remaining lease term under our operating leases was 9.2 years, while the weighted-average discount rate for our operating leases was approximately 3.8%.

The following represents our future undiscounted cash flows for each of the next five years and thereafter and reconciliation to the lease liabilities, as of November 30, 2019:

Year ending May 31, |  | Operating Leases |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |
2020 (excluding the six months ended November 30) |  | $ | 31,980 |
2021 |  |  | 55,648 |
2022 |  |  | 44,471 |
2023 |  |  | 34,573 |
2024 |  |  | 28,663 |
Thereafter |  |  | 162,830 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 358,165 |
Less imputed interest |  |  | 63,300 |
Total present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 294,865 |

As of November 30, 2019, our current lease liability balance was $51.0 million and recorded within Other Accrued Liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Following is a summary of our future minimum lease commitments, as determined under ASC 840, for all non-cancelable lease agreements, for each of the next five years and in the aggregate, as of May 31, 2019:

Year ending May 31, |  | Operating Leases |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |
2020 |  | $ | 59,163 |
2021 |  |  | 49,731 |
2022 |  |  | 40,339 |
2023 |  |  | 32,798 |
2024 |  |  | 27,716 |
Thereafter |  |  | 119,607 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 329,354 |

Related party leases and subleases were not significant during any period presented, and therefore are not disclosed. Further, we do not have leases that have not yet commenced, which would create significant rights and obligations for us, including any involvement with the construction or design of the underlying asset.

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NOTE 14 — PENSION PLANS

We offer defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans, and various postretirement benefit plans. The following tables provide the retirement-related benefit plans’ impact on income before income taxes for the three and six months ended November 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Three Months Ended |
Pension Benefits |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Service cost |  | $ | 9,856 |  |  | $ | 9,382 |  |  | $ | 1,391 |  |  | $ | 1,219 |
Interest cost |  |  | 5,104 |  |  |  | 5,497 |  |  |  | 1,193 |  |  |  | 1,399 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (8,573 | ) |  |  | (8,467 | ) |  |  | (1,834 | ) |  |  | (2,051 | )
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost (credit) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (8 | )
Net actuarial losses recognized |  |  | 4,629 |  |  |  | 3,272 |  |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | 319 |
Net Periodic Benefit Cost |  | $ | 11,018 |  |  | $ | 9,713 |  |  | $ | 1,264 |  |  | $ | 878 |

|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Three Months Ended |
Postretirement Benefits |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Service cost |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | $ | 392 |
Interest cost |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 291 |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service (credit) |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Net actuarial (gains) losses recognized |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 115 |
Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost |  | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | 869 |  |  | $ | 798 |

|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
|  | Six Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
Pension Benefits |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 19,712 |  |  | $ | 18,764 |  |  | $ | 2,782 |  |  | $ | 2,438 |
Interest cost |  |  | 10,208 |  |  |  | 10,994 |  |  |  | 2,386 |  |  |  | 2,798 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (17,146 | ) |  |  | (16,934 | ) |  |  | (3,668 | ) |  |  | (4,102 | )
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost (credit) |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | (16 | )
Net actuarial losses recognized |  |  | 9,258 |  |  |  | 6,544 |  |  |  | 1,046 |  |  |  | 638 |
Net Periodic Benefit Cost |  | $ | 22,036 |  |  | $ | 19,426 |  |  | $ | 2,528 |  |  | $ | 1,756 |

|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
|  | Six Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
Postretirement Benefits |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 784 |
Interest cost |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 96 |  |  |  | 564 |  |  |  | 582 |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service (credit) |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Net actuarial (gains) losses recognized |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | 316 |  |  |  | 230 |
Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost |  | $ | (68 | ) |  | $ | (26 | ) |  | $ | 1,738 |  |  | $ | 1,596 |

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Due to slightly lower discount rates, net periodic pension and postretirement cost for fiscal 2020 is higher than our fiscal 2019 expense. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, but such changes are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial results. We previously disclosed in our financial statements for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 that we expected to contribute approximately $0.9 million to our retirement plans in the U.S. and approximately $6.4 million to plans outside the U.S. during the current fiscal year, and as of November 30, 2019, those amounts remain unchanged.

NOTE 15 — CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER ACCRUED LOSSES

We provide, through our wholly owned insurance subsidiaries, certain insurance coverage, primarily product liability coverage, to our other subsidiaries. Excess coverage is provided by third-party insurers. Our product liability accruals provide for these potential losses as well as other uninsured claims. Product liability accruals are established based upon actuarial calculations of potential liability using industry experience, actual historical experience and actuarial assumptions developed for similar types of product liability claims, including development factors and lag times. To the extent there is a reasonable possibility that potential losses could exceed the amounts already accrued, we believe that the amount of any such additional loss would be immaterial to our results of operations, liquidity and consolidated financial position.

We also offer warranties on many of our products, as well as long-term warranty programs at certain of our businesses, and have established product warranty liabilities. We review these liabilities for adequacy on a quarterly basis and adjust them as necessary. The primary factors that could affect these liabilities may include changes in performance rates as well as costs of replacement. Provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time of sale and periodically adjusted, as required, to reflect actual experience. It is probable that we will incur future losses related to warranty claims we have received but that have not been fully investigated and related to claims not yet received. While our warranty liabilities represent our best estimates at November 30, 2019, we can provide no assurances that we will not experience material claims in the future or that we will not incur significant costs to resolve such claims beyond the amounts accrued or beyond what we may recover from our suppliers. Based upon the nature of the expense, product warranty expense is recorded as a reduction of sales, as a component of cost of sales, or within SG&A.

Also, due to the nature of our businesses, the amount of claims paid can fluctuate from one period to the next. While our warranty liabilities represent our best estimates of our expected losses at any given time, from time-to-time we may revise our estimates based on our experience relating to factors such as weather conditions, specific circumstances surrounding product installations and other factors.

The following table includes the changes in our accrued warranty balances:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | $ | 10,069 |  |  | $ | 10,585 |  |  | $ | 10,414 |  |  | $ | 11,721 |
Deductions (1) |  |  | (5,721 | ) |  |  | (6,660 | ) |  |  | (11,380 | ) |  |  | (13,274 | )
Provision charged to expense |  |  | 6,207 |  |  |  | 5,938 |  |  |  | 11,521 |  |  |  | 11,416 |
Ending Balance |  | $ | 10,555 |  |  | $ | 9,863 |  |  | $ | 10,555 |  |  | $ | 9,863 |

(1) | Primarily claims paid during the year.

In addition, like other companies participating in similar lines of business, some of our subsidiaries are involved in several proceedings relating to environmental matters. It is our policy to accrue remediation costs when it is probable that such efforts will be required and the related costs can be reasonably estimated. In general, our environmental accruals are undiscounted liabilities, which are exclusive of claims against third parties, and are not material to our financial statements during any of the periods presented.

Carboline Company previously was identified as a potentially responsible party in connection with a matter filed on behalf of the U.S. EPA claiming that Carboline Company, among other potentially responsible parties, violated Section 107 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) and seeking reimbursement for response costs incurred in connection with the release or threatened release of hazardous substances at the Lammers Barrel Superfund Site in Beavercreek, Ohio. Subsequent to the end of the current quarter, Carboline Company agreed in principle to settle this matter for $1.3 million, which amount is subject to final approval and court entry of the proposed consent decree relating to this matter.

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We were notified by the SEC on June 24, 2014, that we are the subject of a formal investigation pertaining to the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves in fiscal 2013 with respect to the previously disclosed U.S. Department Of Justice (the “DOJ”) and the U.S. General Services Administration (the “GSA”) Office of Inspector General investigation into compliance issues relating to Tremco Roofing Division’s GSA contracts. As previously disclosed, our Audit Committee completed an investigation into the facts and circumstances surrounding the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves with respect to the GSA and DOJ investigation, and determined that it was appropriate to restate our financial results for the first, second and third quarters of fiscal 2013. These restatements had no impact on our audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2013 or 2014. The Audit Committee’s investigation concluded that there was no intentional misconduct on the part of any of our officers.

In connection with the foregoing, on September 9, 2016, the SEC filed an enforcement action against us and our General Counsel. We have cooperated with the SEC’s investigation and believe the allegations in the complaint mischaracterize both our and our General Counsel’s actions in connection with the matters related to our quarterly results in fiscal 2013 and are without merit. Both we and our General Counsel filed motions to dismiss the complaint on February 24, 2017. Those motions to dismiss the complaint were denied by the Court on September 29, 2017. We and our General Counsel filed answers to the complaint on October 16, 2017. Formal discovery commenced in January 2018 and closed as of June 3, 2019, other than one remaining discovery dispute. The parties engaged in written discovery, and several fact witnesses were deposed. The dispositive motion briefing schedule was vacated by the Court on July 2, 2019, due to the remaining discovery dispute, and will be reset once this dispute is fully resolved. We intend to continue to contest the allegations in the complaint vigorously.

Also in connection with the foregoing, a stockholder derivative action was filed in the United States District Court, Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, against certain of our directors and officers. The court has stayed this stockholder derivative action pending the completion of the SEC enforcement action.

The action by the SEC could result in sanctions against us and/or our General Counsel and could impose substantial additional costs and distractions, regardless of its outcome. We have determined that it is probable that we will incur a loss relating to this matter and have estimated a range of potential loss. We have accrued at the low end of the range of loss, as no amount within the range is more likely to occur, and no amount within the estimated range of loss would have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

NOTE 16 – REVENUE

We operate a portfolio of businesses and product lines that manufacture and sell a variety of specialty paints, protective coatings and roofing systems, sealants and adhesives. We disaggregate revenues from the sales of our products and services based upon geographical location by each of our reportable segments, which are aligned by similar economic factors, trends and customers, which best depict the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. See Note 17, “Segment Information,” for further details regarding our disaggregated revenues as well as a description of each of the unique revenue streams related to each of our four reportable segments.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. The majority of our revenue is recognized at a point in time. However, we also record revenues generated under construction contracts, mainly in connection with the installation of specialized roofing and flooring systems and related services. For certain polymer flooring installation projects, we account for our revenue using the output method, as we consider square footage of completed flooring to be the best measure of progress toward the complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. In contrast, for certain of our roofing installation projects, we account for our revenue using the input method, as that method was the best measure of performance as it considers costs incurred in relation to total expected project costs, which essentially represents the transfer of control for roofing systems to the customer. In general, for our construction contracts, we record contract revenues and related costs as our contracts progress on an over-time model.

We have elected to apply the practical expedient to recognize revenue net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although our customers’ payment terms generally include a requirement to pay within 30 to 60 days of fulfilling our performance obligations. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined that our contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. We have elected to apply the practical expedient to treat all shipping and handling costs as fulfillment costs as a significant portion of these costs are incurred prior to control transfer.

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Significant Judgments

Our contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and/or services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For example, judgment is required to determine whether products sold in connection with the sale of installation services are considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with installation services and recognized over time.

We provide customer rebate programs and incentive offerings, including special pricing and co-operative advertising arrangements, promotions and other volume-based incentives. These customer programs and incentives are considered variable consideration. We include in revenue variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the variable consideration is resolved. In general, this determination is made based upon known customer program and incentive offerings at the time of sale, and expected sales volume forecasts as it relates to our volume-based incentives. This determination is updated each reporting period. Certain of our contracts include contingent consideration that is receivable only upon the final inspection and acceptance of a project. We include estimates of such variable consideration in our transaction price. Based on historical experience, we consider the probability-based expected value method appropriate to estimate the amount of such variable consideration.

Our products are generally sold with a right of return and we may provide other credits or incentives, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. Returns and credits are estimated at contract inception and updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. We record a right of return liability to accrue for expected customer returns. Historical actual returns are used to estimate future returns as a percentage of current sales. Obligations for returns and refunds were not material individually or in the aggregate.

We offer assurance type warranties on our products as well as separately sold warranty contracts. Revenue related to warranty contracts that are sold separately is recognized over the life of the warranty term. Warranty liabilities for our assurance type warranties are discussed further in Note 15, “Contingencies and Other Accrued Losses.”

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing customers. Our contract assets are recorded for products and services that have been provided to our customer but have not yet been billed, and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Our short-term contract liabilities consist of advance payments, or deferred revenue, and are included in other accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

Accounts receivable, net of allowances, and net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:

|  | November 30, 2019 |  |  | August 31, 2019 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
(In thousands, except percents) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, less allowance |  | $ | 1,047,813 |  |  | $ | 1,109,259 |  |  | $ | (61,446 | ) |  |  | -5.5 | %
Contract assets |  | $ | 18,959 |  |  | $ | 26,434 |  |  | $ | (7,475 | ) |  |  | -28.3 | %
Contract liabilities - short-term |  |  | (25,205 | ) |  |  | (27,402 | ) |  |  | 2,197 |  |  |  | -8.0 | %
Net Contract Liabilities |  | $ | (6,246 | ) |  | $ | (968 | ) |  | $ | (5,278 | ) |  |  | 545.2 | %
(In thousands, except percents) |  | November 30, 2019 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Accounts receivable, less allowance |  | $ | 1,047,813 |  |  | $ | 1,232,350 |  |  | $ | (184,537 | ) |  |  | -15.0 | %
Contract assets |  | $ | 18,959 |  |  | $ | 21,628 |  |  | $ | (2,669 | ) |  |  | -12.3 | %
Contract liabilities - short-term |  |  | (25,205 | ) |  |  | (25,896 | ) |  |  | 691 |  |  |  | -2.7 | %
Net Contract Liabilities |  | $ | (6,246 | ) |  | $ | (4,268 | ) |  | $ | (1,978 | ) |  |  | 46.3 | %

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. The $5.3 million change in our net contract liabilities from August 31, 2019 to November 30, 2019 and the $2.0 million change in our net contract liabilities from May 31, 2019 to November 30, 2019 resulted primarily from the timing of construction jobs in progress. During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we performed a substantial amount of work on construction projects and as such, our unbilled

25

revenue was highe r at August 31, 2019 than it was at May 31, 2019. During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, our unbilled revenues declined as projects and billings were completed. We also record long-term deferred revenue, which amounted to $67.1 million, $65.6 million and $66.5 million as of November 30, 2019, August 31, 2019 and May 31, 201 9, respectively. The long-term portion of deferred revenue is related to warranty contracts and is included in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

We have elected to adopt the practical expedient to not disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period for performance obligations that are part of a contract with an original expected duration of one year or less.

We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. As our contract terms are primarily one year or less in duration, we have elected to apply a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs include our internal sales force compensation program and certain incentive programs as we have determined annual compensation is commensurate with annual sales activities.

NOTE 17 — SEGMENT INFORMATION

Effective June 1, 2019, we realigned certain businesses and management structure to recognize how we allocate resources and analyze the operating performance of our businesses. Among other things, the realignment of certain businesses occurred as a result of the 2020 MAP to Growth plan that was approved and initiated between May and August 2018. As we began to execute on our operating improvement initiatives, we identified ways to realign certain businesses, and concluded that moving to an expanded reporting structure could help us to better manage our assets and improve synergies across the enterprise.

This realignment changed our reportable segments beginning with our first quarter of fiscal 2020. As such we now report under four reportable segments instead of our three previous reportable segments. Our four reporting segments are: the CPG reportable segment, PCG reportable segment, Consumer reportable segment and Specialty reportable segment. In connection with the realignment, we shifted our Kirker business out of Consumer into Specialty, and also shifted our Dryvit and Nudura businesses out of Specialty into CPG. The newly formed CPG also includes our Tremco, Tremco illbruck, Euclid Chemical, Viapol, Vandex and Flowcrete businesses. PCG includes Stonhard, Carboline, USL and Fibergrate businesses, while Consumer comprises the Rust-Oleum and DAP businesses.

We operate a portfolio of businesses and product lines that manufacture and sell a variety of specialty paints, protective coatings and roofing systems, sealants and adhesives. We manage our portfolio by organizing our businesses and product lines into four reportable segments as outlined above, which also represent our operating segments. Within each operating segment, we manage product lines and businesses which generally address common markets, share similar economic characteristics, utilize similar technologies and can share manufacturing or distribution capabilities. Our four operating segments represent components of our business for which separate financial information is available that is utilized on a regular basis by our chief operating decision maker in determining how to allocate the assets of the company and evaluate performance. These four operating segments are each managed by an operating segment manager, who is responsible for the day-to-day operating decisions and performance evaluation of the operating segment’s underlying businesses. We evaluate the profit performance of our segments primarily based on income before income taxes, but also look to earnings (loss) before interest and taxes (“EBIT”), and/or adjusted EBIT, as a performance evaluation measure because interest expense is essentially related to acquisitions, as opposed to segment operations.

Our CPG reportable segment products are sold throughout North America and also account for the majority of our international sales. Our construction product lines are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. Products and services within this reportable segment include construction sealants and adhesives, coatings and chemicals, roofing systems, concrete admixture and repair products, building envelope solutions, insulated cladding, flooring systems, and weatherproofing solutions.

Our PCG reportable segment products are sold throughout North America, as well as internationally, and are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. Products and services within this reportable segment include high-performance flooring solutions, corrosion control and fireproofing coatings, infrastructure repair systems, fiberglass reinforced plastic gratings and drainage systems.

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Our C onsumer reportable segment manufactures and markets professional use and do-it-yourself (“DIY”) products for a variety of mainly consumer applications, including home improvement and personal leisure activities. Our C onsumer segment’s major manufacturing and distribution operations are located primarily in North America, along with a few locations in Europe and other parts of the world. Our consumer reportable segment products are primarily sold directly to mass merchandisers, home improvement centers, hardware stores, paint stores, craft shops and through distributors. Th e Consumer reportable segment offers p roducts that include specialty, hobby and professional paints; caulks; adhesives; silicone sealants and wood stains.

Our Specialty reportable segment products are sold throughout North America and a few international locations, primarily in Europe. Our specialty product lines are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. The Specialty reportable segment offers products that include industrial cleaners, restoration services equipment, colorants, nail enamels, exterior finishes, edible coatings and specialty glazes for pharmaceutical and food industries, and other specialty original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) coatings.

In addition to our four reportable segments, there is a category of certain business activities and expenses, referred to as corporate/other, that does not constitute an operating segment. This category includes our corporate headquarters and related administrative expenses, results of our captive insurance companies, gains or losses on the sales of certain assets and other expenses not directly associated with any reportable segment. Assets related to the corporate/other category consist primarily of investments, prepaid expenses and headquarters’ property and equipment. These corporate and other assets and expenses reconcile reportable segment data to total consolidated income before income taxes and identifiable assets.

We reflect income from our joint ventures on the equity method, and receive royalties from our licensees.

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The following tables present a disaggregation of revenues by geography, and reflect the results of our reportable segments consistent with our management philosophy, by representing the information we utilize, in conjunction with various strategic, operational and other financial performance criteria, in evaluating the performance of our portfolio of businesses. Information for all periods presented has been recast to reflect the current year change in reportable segments.

Three Months Ended November 30, 2019 |  | CPG Segment |  |  | PCG Segment |  |  | Consumer Segment |  |  | Specialty Segment |  |  | Consolidated |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales (based on shipping location) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 270,908 |  |  | $ | 173,747 |  |  | $ | 358,500 |  |  | $ | 124,560 |  |  | $ | 927,715 |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  |  | 46,199 |  |  |  | 19,309 |  |  |  | 27,075 |  |  |  | 2,555 |  |  |  | 95,138 |
Europe |  |  | 117,548 |  |  |  | 69,999 |  |  |  | 48,741 |  |  |  | 20,946 |  |  |  | 257,234 |
Latin America |  |  | 43,084 |  |  |  | 8,842 |  |  |  | 7,327 |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 59,602 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 19,468 |  |  |  | 6,670 |  |  |  | 6,874 |  |  |  | 9,760 |  |  |  | 42,772 |
Other Foreign |  |  | 2,303 |  |  |  | 14,145 |  |  |  | 2,383 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,831 |
Total Foreign |  |  | 228,602 |  |  |  | 118,965 |  |  |  | 92,400 |  |  |  | 33,610 |  |  |  | 473,577 |
Total |  | $ | 499,510 |  |  | $ | 292,712 |  |  | $ | 450,900 |  |  | $ | 158,170 |  |  | $ | 1,401,292 |
Three Months Ended November 30, 2018 |  | CPG Segment |  |  | PCG Segment |  |  | Consumer Segment |  |  | Specialty Segment |  |  | Consolidated |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales (based on shipping location) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 229,385 |  |  | $ | 169,518 |  |  | $ | 329,934 |  |  | $ | 142,549 |  |  | $ | 871,386 |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  |  | 53,734 |  |  |  | 22,671 |  |  |  | 23,403 |  |  |  | 2,434 |  |  |  | 102,242 |
Europe |  |  | 128,628 |  |  |  | 64,156 |  |  |  | 54,478 |  |  |  | 22,580 |  |  |  | 269,842 |
Latin America |  |  | 36,308 |  |  |  | 8,550 |  |  |  | 7,281 |  |  |  | 364 |  |  |  | 52,503 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 19,397 |  |  |  | 9,312 |  |  |  | 7,919 |  |  |  | 10,091 |  |  |  | 46,719 |
Other Foreign |  |  | (154 | ) |  |  | 17,753 |  |  |  | 2,240 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 19,839 |
Total Foreign |  |  | 237,913 |  |  |  | 122,442 |  |  |  | 95,321 |  |  |  | 35,469 |  |  |  | 491,145 |
Total |  | $ | 467,298 |  |  | $ | 291,960 |  |  | $ | 425,255 |  |  | $ | 178,018 |  |  | $ | 1,362,531 |
Six Months Ended November 30, 2019 |  | CPG Segment |  |  | PCG Segment |  |  | Consumer Segment |  |  | Specialty Segment |  |  | Consolidated |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales (based on shipping location) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 578,567 |  |  | $ | 355,653 |  |  | $ | 739,729 |  |  | $ | 256,291 |  |  | $ | 1,930,240 |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  |  | 96,642 |  |  |  | 40,282 |  |  |  | 59,580 |  |  |  | 4,783 |  |  |  | 201,287 |
Europe |  |  | 231,850 |  |  |  | 134,458 |  |  |  | 99,750 |  |  |  | 41,785 |  |  |  | 507,843 |
Latin America |  |  | 85,931 |  |  |  | 17,283 |  |  |  | 13,642 |  |  |  | 781 |  |  |  | 117,637 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 39,864 |  |  |  | 14,094 |  |  |  | 13,055 |  |  |  | 14,618 |  |  |  | 81,631 |
Other Foreign |  |  | 2,761 |  |  |  | 28,183 |  |  |  | 4,474 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35,418 |
Total Foreign |  |  | 457,048 |  |  |  | 234,300 |  |  |  | 190,501 |  |  |  | 61,967 |  |  |  | 943,816 |
Total |  | $ | 1,035,615 |  |  | $ | 589,953 |  |  | $ | 930,230 |  |  | $ | 318,258 |  |  | $ | 2,874,056 |
Six Months Ended November 30, 2018 |  | CPG Segment |  |  | PCG Segment |  |  | Consumer Segment |  |  | Specialty Segment |  |  | Consolidated |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales (based on shipping location) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 519,184 |  |  | $ | 346,975 |  |  | $ | 705,470 |  |  | $ | 280,430 |  |  | $ | 1,852,059 |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  |  | 97,072 |  |  |  | 44,859 |  |  |  | 52,408 |  |  |  | 4,680 |  |  |  | 199,019 |
Europe |  |  | 253,915 |  |  |  | 124,769 |  |  |  | 112,354 |  |  |  | 45,380 |  |  |  | 536,418 |
Latin America |  |  | 74,293 |  |  |  | 18,190 |  |  |  | 13,403 |  |  |  | 671 |  |  |  | 106,557 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 39,687 |  |  |  | 19,525 |  |  |  | 14,831 |  |  |  | 15,572 |  |  |  | 89,615 |
Other Foreign |  |  | 639 |  |  |  | 34,061 |  |  |  | 4,152 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 38,852 |
Total Foreign |  |  | 465,606 |  |  |  | 241,404 |  |  |  | 197,148 |  |  |  | 66,303 |  |  |  | 970,461 |
Total |  | $ | 984,790 |  |  | $ | 588,379 |  |  | $ | 902,618 |  |  | $ | 346,733 |  |  | $ | 2,822,520 |

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|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CPG Segment |  | $ | 57,123 |  |  | $ | 35,357 |  |  | $ | 139,803 |  |  | $ | 100,401 |
PCG Segment |  |  | 33,320 |  |  |  | 22,299 |  |  |  | 61,377 |  |  | $ | 30,624 |
Consumer Segment |  |  | 34,456 |  |  |  | 41,836 |  |  |  | 93,614 |  |  |  | 92,805 |
Specialty Segment |  |  | 18,762 |  |  |  | 26,119 |  |  |  | 42,089 |  |  |  | 49,935 |
Corporate/Other |  |  | (41,908 | ) |  |  | (59,018 | ) |  |  | (92,281 | ) |  |  | (115,234 | )
Consolidated |  | $ | 101,753 |  |  | $ | 66,593 |  |  | $ | 244,602 |  |  | $ | 158,531 |

|  | November 30, |  |  | May 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2019 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Identifiable Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CPG Segment |  | $ | 1,581,862 |  |  | $ | 1,573,329 |
PCG Segment |  |  | 975,423 |  |  |  | 951,644 |
Consumer Segment |  |  | 2,001,829 |  |  |  | 1,953,279 |
Specialty Segment |  |  | 716,471 |  |  |  | 689,133 |
Corporate/Other |  |  | 305,413 |  |  |  | 273,970 |
Consolidated |  | $ | 5,580,998 |  |  | $ | 5,441,355 |

NOTE 18 — GOODWILL

We account for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350 and account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entities acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets.

We assess goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently, if events and circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination as of the acquisition date. Once goodwill has been allocated to the reporting units, it no longer retains its identification with a particular acquisition and becomes identified with the reporting unit in its entirety. Accordingly, the fair value of the reporting unit as a whole is available to support the recoverability of its goodwill. We evaluate our reporting units when changes in our operating structure occur, and if necessary, reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach.

Subsequent to our prior annual impairment test as of the first day of our fourth fiscal quarter, the composition of our reportable segments was revised, as further discussed in Note 17, “Segment Information.” Prior to implementing the revised segment reporting structure beginning in fiscal 2020, our previously disclosed Industrial Segment comprised two operating segments, the CPG operating segment and the PCG operating segment. Each of these operating segments comprised several reporting units, all of which were tested during our last annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.

Also, in connection with our 2020 Map to Growth initiative, we realigned certain businesses and management structure within our Specialty segment. As such, our former Wood Finishes Group reporting unit was split into two separate reporting units: Guardian and Wood Finishes Group. Additionally, our former Kop-Coat Group reporting unit was split into two reporting units: Kop-Coat Industrial Protection Products and Kop-Coat Group. We performed a goodwill impairment test for each of the new reporting units upon the change in reportable segments, business realignment and management structure using a quantitative assessment. We concluded that the estimated fair values exceeded the carrying values for these new reporting units, and accordingly, no indications of impairment were identified as a result of these changes during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

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The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment, for the periods presented:

|  | CPG |  |  | PCG |  |  | Industrial |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Specialty |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Segment |  |  | Segment |  |  | Segment |  |  | Segment |  |  | Segment |  |  | Total |
Balance as of May 31, 2019 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 526,419 |  |  | $ | 499,387 |  |  | $ | 219,956 |  |  | $ | 1,245,762 |
Allocation to new segments |  |  | 407,429 |  |  |  | 185,259 |  |  |  | (526,419 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (66,269 | ) |  |  | - |
Acquisitions |  |  | 14,689 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,689 |
Translation adjustments |  |  | (3,578 | ) |  |  | (2,577 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,568 | ) |  |  | (910 | ) |  |  | (10,633 | )
Balance as of August 31, 2019 |  |  | 418,540 |  |  |  | 182,682 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 495,819 |  |  |  | 152,777 |  |  |  | 1,249,818 |
Acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,023 |
Translation adjustments |  |  | 1,198 |  |  |  | 2,683 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,235 |  |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | 6,715 |
Balance as of November 30, 2019 |  | $ | 419,738 |  |  | $ | 188,388 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 498,054 |  |  | $ | 153,376 |  |  | $ | 1,259,556 |

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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our financial statements include all of our majority-owned subsidiaries. Investments in less-than-majority-owned joint ventures for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence over are accounted for under the equity method. Preparation of our financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates, including those related to our allowances for doubtful accounts; inventories; allowances for recoverable taxes; uncertain tax positions; useful lives of property, plant and equipment; goodwill and other intangible assets; environmental, warranties and other contingent liabilities; income tax valuation allowances; pension plans; and the fair value of financial instruments. We base our estimates on historical experience, our most recent facts, and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities. Actual results, which are shaped by actual market conditions, may differ materially from our estimates.

A comprehensive discussion of the accounting policies and estimates that are the most critical to our financial statements are set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2019.

BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

Effective June 1, 2019, we realigned certain businesses and management structure to recognize how we allocate resources and analyze the operating performance of our businesses. Among other things, the realignment of certain businesses occurred as a result of the 2020 MAP to Growth plan that was approved and initiated between May and August 2018. As we began to execute on our operating improvement initiatives, we identified ways to realign certain businesses, and concluded that moving to an expanded reporting structure could help us to better manage our assets and improve synergies across the enterprise.

This realignment changed our reportable segments beginning with our first quarter of fiscal 2020. As such, as of June 1, 2019, we began reporting under four reportable segments instead of our three previous reportable segments. See Note 17, “Segment Information,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail.

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The following tables reflect the results of our reportable segments consistent with our management philosophy, and represent the information we utilize, in conjunction with various strategic, operational and other financial performance criteria, in evaluating the performance of our portfolio of businesses. Information for all periods presented has been recast to reflect the current year change in reportable segments.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |  |  | November 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Net Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CPG Segment |  | $ | 499,510 |  |  | $ | 467,298 |  |  | $ | 1,035,615 |  |  | $ | 984,790 |
PCG Segment |  |  | 292,712 |  |  |  | 291,960 |  |  |  | 589,953 |  |  |  | 588,379 |
Consumer Segment |  |  | 450,900 |  |  |  | 425,255 |  |  |  | 930,230 |  |  |  | 902,618 |
Specialty Segment |  |  | 158,170 |  |  |  | 178,018 |  |  |  | 318,258 |  |  |  | 346,733 |
Consolidated |  | $ | 1,401,292 |  |  | $ | 1,362,531 |  |  | $ | 2,874,056 |  |  | $ | 2,822,520 |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CPG Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | 57,123 |  |  | $ | 35,357 |  |  | $ | 139,803 |  |  | $ | 100,401 |
Interest (Expense), Net (b) |  |  | (2,074 | ) |  |  | (2,189 | ) |  |  | (4,101 | ) |  |  | (4,479 | )
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 59,197 |  |  | $ | 37,546 |  |  | $ | 143,904 |  |  | $ | 104,880 |
PCG Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | 33,320 |  |  | $ | 22,299 |  |  | $ | 61,377 |  |  | $ | 30,624 |
Interest (Expense), Net (b) |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | (223 | ) |  |  | (104 | ) |  |  | (341 | )
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 33,295 |  |  | $ | 22,522 |  |  | $ | 61,481 |  |  | $ | 30,965 |
Consumer Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | 34,456 |  |  | $ | 41,836 |  |  | $ | 93,614 |  |  | $ | 92,805 |
Interest (Expense), Net (b) |  |  | (56 | ) |  |  | (123 | ) |  |  | (161 | ) |  |  | (297 | )
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 34,512 |  |  | $ | 41,959 |  |  | $ | 93,775 |  |  | $ | 93,102 |
Specialty Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | 18,762 |  |  | $ | 26,119 |  |  | $ | 42,089 |  |  | $ | 49,935 |
Interest Income, Net (b) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 198 |
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 18,769 |  |  | $ | 26,014 |  |  | $ | 42,070 |  |  | $ | 49,737 |
Corporate/Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Expense) Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | (41,908 | ) |  | $ | (59,018 | ) |  | $ | (92,281 | ) |  | $ | (115,234 | )
Interest (Expense), Net (b) |  |  | (15,424 | ) |  |  | (27,730 | ) |  |  | (36,121 | ) |  |  | (47,214 | )
EBIT (c) |  | $ | (26,484 | ) |  | $ | (31,288 | ) |  | $ | (56,160 | ) |  | $ | (68,020 | )
Consolidated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  | $ | 77,322 |  |  | $ | 49,173 |  |  | $ | 183,818 |  |  | $ | 119,359 |
Add: (Provision) for Income Taxes |  |  | (24,431 | ) |  |  | (17,420 | ) |  |  | (60,784 | ) |  |  | (39,172 | )
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  |  | 101,753 |  |  |  | 66,593 |  |  |  | 244,602 |  |  |  | 158,531 |
Interest (Expense) |  |  | (26,341 | ) |  |  | (23,127 | ) |  |  | (54,658 | ) |  |  | (47,533 | )
Investment Income (Expense), Net |  |  | 8,805 |  |  |  | (7,033 | ) |  |  | 14,190 |  |  |  | (4,600 | )
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 119,289 |  |  | $ | 96,753 |  |  | $ | 285,070 |  |  | $ | 210,664 |

(a) | The presentation includes a reconciliation of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes, a measure defined by generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the U.S., to EBIT.

(b) | Interest (expense), net includes the combination of interest (expense) and investment income/(expense), net.

(c) | EBIT is a non-GAAP measure, and is defined as earnings (loss) before interest and taxes. We evaluate the profit performance of our segments based on income before income taxes, but also look to EBIT as a performance evaluation measure because interest expense is essentially related to acquisitions, as opposed to segment operations. We believe EBIT is useful to investors for this purpose as well, using EBIT as a metric in their investment decisions. EBIT should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, income before income taxes as determined in accordance with GAAP, since EBIT omits the impact of interest in determining operating performance, which represent items necessary to our continued operations, given our level of indebtedness. Nonetheless, EBIT is a key measure expected by and useful to our fixed income investors, rating agencies and the banking community all of whom believe, and we concur, that this measure is critical to the capital markets' analysis of our segments' core operating performance. We also evaluate EBIT because it is clear that movements in EBIT impact our ability to attract financing. Our underwriters and bankers consistently require inclusion of this measure in offering memoranda in conjunction with any debt underwriting or bank financing. EBIT may not be indicative of our historical operating results, nor is it meant to be predictive of potential future results.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended November 30, 2019

Net Sales Consolidated net sales of $1,401.3 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 grew by approximately 2.8% from net sales of $1,362.5 million for last year’s second quarter. Organic sales, which include the impact of price and volume, contributed 3.5% to consolidated net sales while acquisitions added 0.6%. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacted consolidated net sales during the current quarter by 1.3%.

CPG segment net sales for the current quarter grew by 6.9% to $499.5 million, from net sales of $467.3 million during the same period a year ago. Organic growth contributed 7.4% during the quarter, mainly driven by volume, while recent acquisitions contributed 1.2% to net sales during the current quarter. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacted CPG segment net sales by 1.7% during the current quarter. Construction activity picked up due to favorable weather early in this year’s second quarter, reducing some of the backlog that grew during the rainy spring and early summer months. Partially offsetting this segment’s 7.4% organic growth during the quarter was the impact of strategic decisions to exit low-margin and/or high-risk working capital operations within certain international product offerings. Discontinued product lines reduced sales by approximately 0.7%. Significant top-line growth was recognized at our roofing and concrete admixture businesses as well as our business in Latin America.

PCG segment net sales for the current quarter grew by 0.3% to $292.7 million, from net sales of $292.0 million during the same period a year ago. Organic growth was 1.7% during the quarter, driven mainly by selling price increases over the comparable period last year while recent acquisitions contributed 0.1% to net sales during the current quarter. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacted the PCG segment net sales by 1.5% during the current quarter. Strong growth was recognized at our industrial coatings business, both in North America and Europe, but was offset by sales declines at other units. Our expansion joint and highway maintenance sales were soft in the U.K due to Brexit uncertainty and also in key North American regions stemming from government budget constraints. While polymer flooring sales were fairly flat in North America, they grew by double digits in Europe. Organic growth has slowed due to recent strategic decisions to exit certain international businesses and discontinued product lines reduced sales by approximately 1.0%.

Consumer segment net sales for the quarter grew by 6.0% to $450.9 million, from $425.3 million during last year’s second quarter. Organic growth provided 6.4% during the current quarter while recent acquisitions provided 0.6% of the growth in net sales. Unfavorable foreign currency impacted net sales in the Consumer segment by 1.0% during the current quarter versus the same period a year ago. Increased sales volume resulting from more favorable weather early in this year’s second quarter were slightly dampened due to the soft economy in the U.K. related to Brexit.

Specialty segment net sales for the quarter decreased by 11.1% to $158.2 million, from $178.0 million during last year’s second quarter. Organic sales declined 10.5% during the current quarter. Nearly all of the decline can be traced to natural disasters which elevated sales in the prior year at our water damage restoration business, due to the heavier hurricane activity in the prior year, and in our fluorescent pigments, which are used in fire retardant tracer dyes and experienced more rampant wild fires last year. Our OEM-related businesses have experienced soft sales in line with declining global industrial production. Additionally, foreign currency had an unfavorable impact on Specialty segment net sales for the quarter of 0.6%.

Gross Profit Margin Our consolidated gross profit margin of 37.8% of net sales for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compares to a consolidated gross profit margin of 36.2% for the comparable period a year ago, after giving effect to the change in classification of shipping and handling costs. Last year’s reported gross profit margin of 39.5% has been recast to 36.2% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. The current quarter gross profit margin increase of approximately 1.6% of net sales, or 160 basis points (“bps”), resulted primarily from a combination of increases in selling prices and 2020 MAP to Growth savings, along with higher sales volume versus the same period a year ago. Recent changes in international trade duties, tariffs, and policies could materially impact the cost of our raw materials. Specifically, recently imposed tariffs, including tariffs on steel imports into the U.S., have had an unfavorable impact on the cost of our cans and packaging.

SG&A Our consolidated SG&A expense during the current period was $17.5 million higher versus the same period last year, and increased to 28.8% of net sales from 28.3% of net sales for the prior year quarter. Last year’s reported SG&A percentage of net sales of 31.6% has been recast to 28.3% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping and handling costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we continued our 2020 MAP to Growth initiatives and have generated incremental savings of approximately $5.1 million, which is net of implementation costs for ERP systems, consolidation expenses and professional fees in connection with implementing our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative. Additional SG&A expense incurred from companies we acquired during the last 12 months approximated $2.1 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020.

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Our CPG segment SG&A was approximately $7.6 million higher for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period but de creased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to additional commissions directly associated with higher sales volume. Additionally, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately $1.6 million of additional SG&A expense.

Our PCG segment SG&A was approximately $0.2 million higher for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period and increased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to transactional FX, as well as increases in bonus and commission expense versus the prior year. These increases were partially offset by 2020 MAP to Growth savings.

Our Consumer segment SG&A increased by approximately $10.1 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the same period last year and increased as a percentage of net sales. This was primarily attributable to increases in commissions, distribution and interplant freight expenses as a result of higher volume. In addition, during the current quarter, we decided to no longer pursue a product line targeted for OEM markets. We performed a recoverability assessment for certain prepaid assets associated with this product line, which resulted in the recognition of a $6.9 million charge this quarter. Lastly, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately $0.4 million of additional SG&A expense.

Our Specialty segment SG&A was approximately $1.2 million higher during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period and increased as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A expense is mainly attributable to additional costs associated with the ERP consolidation plan associated with our 2020 MAP to Growth, partially offset by cost control measures.

SG&A expenses in our corporate/other category of $25.3 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased by $1.5 million from $26.8 million recorded during last year’s second quarter, resulting primarily from a decrease in professional fees in connection with our 2020 MAP to Growth, which approximated $3.3 million, compared to $5.2 million in the prior comparable quarter.

We recorded total net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs of $13.1 million and $11.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $1.7 million increase in pension expense resulted from the combination of higher net actuarial losses recognized during the current quarter versus last year’s second quarter for approximately $1.6 million and a higher service costs of approximately $0.7 million during the current quarter versus the same period a year ago. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $0.6 million in interest costs during the current quarter, when compared to the same period a year ago. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, but such changes are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial results.

Restructuring Charges We recorded restructuring charges of $4.8 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, which compares with $7.7 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. These charges were the result of our continued implementation of our 2020 MAP to Growth, which focuses upon strategic shifts in operations across our entire business. On a consolidated basis, we incurred $2.7 million of severance and benefit costs during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compared with $6.5 million during the same period a year ago. Facility closure and other related costs totaled $1.8 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 versus $1.0 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Finally, $0.3 million of other asset write-offs during the period compared with $0.2 million during the same period a year ago. These charges were associated with closures of certain facilities as well as the elimination of duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with certain of our businesses.

We currently expect to incur approximately $32.2 million of future additional charges in relation to this initiative. These additional charges include approximately $23.1 million of severance and benefit costs, $8.3 million of facility closure and other related charges, as well as $0.8 million of other asset write-offs. We expect these charges to be incurred by the end of calendar year 2020, upon which we expect to achieve an annualized pretax savings of approximately $290 million per year. Additionally, upon the completion of this initiative, we have targeted $230.0 million of improvement of working capital, and believe that, assuming 3% organic growth and approximately $150 million to $200 million annually in acquisitions of businesses, our fiscal year 2021 cash flow from operations will improve to approximately $872.0 million. In addition, we have continued to assess and find areas of improvement and cost savings as part of our 2020 MAP to Growth. As such, the final implementation and expected costs of our plan are subject to change. Most notably, we have broadened the scope of our announced plan to include the consolidation of the general and administrative areas, potential outsourcing, as well as additional future plant closures and consolidations, the estimated future costs of which have not yet been established. See Note 4, “Restructuring,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further detail surrounding our 2020 MAP to Growth.

Interest Expense Interest expense was $26.3 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 versus $23.1 million for the same period a year ago. Excluding acquisition-related borrowings, higher average borrowings quarter over quarter increased interest expense by approximately $1.1 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 when compared to the prior year quarter. The reversal of the convertible bond interest accrual during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 increased interest expense by approximately $2.1 million versus the same period a year ago. Higher average borrowings, related to recent acquisitions, increased interest expense during this year’s second quarter by approximately $0.6 million versus the same period a year ago. Lower interest rates, which averaged 3.88% overall for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compared with 3.99% for the same period of fiscal 2019, decreased interest expense by approximately $0.6 million during the current quarter versus the same period last year.

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Investment (Income), Net Net investment income of approximately $8.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compares to net investment loss of $7.0 million during the same period last year. Dividend and interest income totaled $1.9 million and $1.5 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and 201 9, respectively. Net gains on marketable securities totaled $6.9 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, while there were net realized losses of $8.5 million during the same period a year ago.

Income Before Income Taxes (“IBT”) Our consolidated pretax income for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 of $101.8 million compares with pretax income of $66.6 million for the same period a year ago. Our CPG segment had IBT of $57.1 million, or 11.4% of net sales, for the quarter ended November 30, 2019, versus IBT of $35.4 million, or 7.6% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our CPG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings, selling price increases and increased earnings from recent acquisitions. Our PCG segment had IBT of $33.3 million, or 11.4% of net sales, for the quarter ended November 30, 2019, versus IBT of $22.3 million, or 7.6% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our PCG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings, selling price increases and improved product mix. Our Consumer segment IBT approximated $34.5 million, or 7.6% of net sales, for the second quarter of fiscal 2020, versus the prior year second quarter pretax income of $41.8 million, or 9.8% of net sales. Our Consumer segment results reflect the cost incurred to shut down a product line and inventory-related charges, partially offset by selling price increases as well as 2020 MAP to Growth savings. Our Specialty segment had pretax income of $18.8 million, or 11.9% of net sales for the quarter ended November 30, 2019, versus pretax income of $26.1 million, or 14.7% of net sales, for the same period a year ago, reflecting declines in sales volume in our fluorescent pigment, restoration equipment and OEM businesses.

Income Tax Rate The effective income tax rate of 24.0% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compares to the effective income tax rate of 26.2% for the three months ended November 30, 2018. The effective income tax rates for the three months ended November 30, 2019 and 2018 reflect variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and the net tax on foreign subsidiary income resulting from the global intangible low-taxed income provisions, partially offset by tax benefits related to equity compensation. Additionally, the effective income tax rate for the three months ended November 30, 2019 reflects favorable adjustments related to certain valuation allowances and reserves for uncertain tax positions.

Net Income Net income of $77.3 million for the quarter ended November 30, 2019 compares to net income of $49.2 million for the comparable prior year period. Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 was $77.0 million, or 5.5% of consolidated net sales, which compared to net income of $49.2 million, or 3.6% of consolidated net sales for the comparable prior year period.

Diluted earnings per share of common stock for the quarter ended November 30, 2019 of $0.59 compares with diluted earnings per share of common stock of $0.37 for the quarter ended November 30, 2018.

Six Months Ended November 30, 2019

Net Sales Consolidated net sales of $2,874.1 million for the first half of fiscal 2020 grew by approximately 1.8% from net sales of $2,822.5 million for last year’s first half. Acquisitions added 1.5%, while organic sales, which include the impact of price and volume, reduced consolidated net sales by 1.6%. Consolidated net sales for the period also reflect an unfavorable foreign exchange impact of 1.3%.

CPG segment net sales for the first half of fiscal 2020 grew by 5.2% to $1,035.6 million, from net sales of $984.8 million during the same period a year ago. The improvement resulted from recent acquisitions, which contributed 2.9% to net sales during the current period, and organic growth, which contributed 3.9% during the period, driven mainly by increases in selling prices. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacted construction segment net sales by 1.6% during the current period. Sales growth was highest in our roofing and Brazilian businesses, but was partially offset by weakening sales in Europe.

PCG segment net sales for the first half of fiscal 2020 grew by 0.3% to $590.0 million, from net sales of $588.4 million during the same period a year ago. The improvement resulted from recent acquisitions, which contributed 1.0% to net sales during the current period, and organic growth, which contributed 1.0% during the period, driven mainly by the increases of selling prices over the comparable period last year. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacted PCG segment net sales by 1.7% during the current period. Sales growth was dampened by strategic decisions to exit low-margin businesses.

Consumer segment net sales for the first half of fiscal 2020 grew by 3.1% to $930.2 million, from $902.6 million during the same period a year ago. Recent acquisitions provided 1.0% of the growth in net sales, while organic growth provided 3.1%, during the current period, driven primarily by price increases. Unfavorable foreign currency impacted net sales in the Consumer segment by 1.0% during the current period versus the same period a year ago. Sales improved in the U.S. but were slightly offset due to soft economy in the U.K. related to Brexit.

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Specialty segment net sales for the first half of fiscal 2020 decreased by 8.2% to $318.3 million, from $346.7 million during last year’s first half. Organic sales declines of 7.5%, during the current period, resulted from decreases in fluorescent pigments and restoration equipment businesses, as a result of elevated natural disaster activity in the prior year. Additionally, foreign currency had an unfavorable impact on S pecialty segment net sales for the period of 0.7%.

Gross Profit Margin Our consolidated gross profit margin of 38.4% of net sales for the first half of fiscal 2020 compares to a consolidated gross profit margin of 37.0% for the comparable period a year ago, after giving effect to the change in classification of shipping and handling costs. Last year’s reported gross profit margin of 40.1% has been recast to 37.0% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping and handling costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. This gross profit increase of approximately 1.4% of net sales reflects an improvement of approximately 340 bps resulting from a combination of increases in selling prices and 2020 MAP to Growth savings, partially offset by the impact of labor cost inflation and unfavorable mix of product sold versus last year for approximately 40 bps, in addition to higher raw material costs for approximately 40 bps and supply chain challenges throughout the period for approximately 40 bps. Recent changes in international trade duties and policies could materially impact the cost of our raw materials. Specifically, recently imposed tariffs, including tariffs on steel imports into the U.S., have had an unfavorable impact on the cost of our cans and packaging.

SG&A Our consolidated SG&A expense during the first half of fiscal 2020 was $3.0 million higher versus the same period last year, but decreased to 28.0% of net sales from 28.4% of net sales for the comparable period. Last year’s first half reported SG&A percentage of net sales of 31.5% has been recast to 28.4% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping and handling costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. During the first half of fiscal 2020, we continued our 2020 MAP to Growth and have generated $11.4 million of incremental savings, which is net of implementation costs for ERP systems, consolidation expenses and professional fees in connection with implementing our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative. Additional SG&A expense incurred from companies acquired during the previous 12 months approximated $7.5 million during the first half of fiscal 2020.

Our CPG segment SG&A was approximately $6.1 million higher for the first half of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period but decreased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to increased commissions directly associated with higher sales volume, partially offset by 2020 MAP to Growth savings in the current period. Additionally, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately $5.3 million of additional SG&A expense.

Our PCG segment SG&A was approximately $8.2 million lower for the first half of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period and decreased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to 2020 MAP to Growth savings in the current period, decreased allowance for doubtful accounts associated with accounts deemed uncollectible as a result of changes in our market and leadership strategy and unfavorable transactional foreign exchange that occurred in the prior comparable period. These decreases were slightly offset by approximately $0.4 million of additional SG&A expense generated from companies acquired during the past 12 months.

Our Consumer segment SG&A increased by approximately $4.3 million during the first half of fiscal 2020 versus the same period last year but decreased as a percentage of net sales. This was primarily attributable to increases in distribution costs. In addition, during the current period, we decided to no longer pursue a product line targeted for OEM markets. We performed a recoverability assessment for certain prepaid assets associated with this product line, which resulted in the recognition of a $6.9 million charge this period. These increases were partially offset by 2020 MAP to Growth savings. Lastly, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately $1.8 million of additional SG&A expense.

Our Specialty segment SG&A was approximately $1.1 million higher during the first half of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period, and increased as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A expense is mainly attributable to additional costs associated with the ERP consolidation plan associated with our 2020 MAP to Growth partially offset by cost control measures.

SG&A expenses in our corporate/other category of $53.8 million during the first half of fiscal 2020 decreased by $0.4 million from $54.2 million recorded during last year’s first half, as higher professional fees in connection with our 2020 MAP to Growth were offset by lower hospitalization costs.

We recorded total net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs of $26.2 million and $22.8 million for the first half of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $3.5 million increase in pension expense resulted from the combination of higher net actuarial losses recognized during the current first half versus last year’s first half for approximately $3.2 million and a higher service costs of approximately $1.4 million during the current period versus the same period a year ago. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $1.2 million in interest costs during the current period, when compared to the same period a year ago. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, but such changes are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial results.

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Restructuring Charges We recorded restructuring charges of $11.4 million during the first half of fiscal 2020, which compares with $27.8 million during the first half of fiscal 2019. These charges were the result of our continued implementation of our 2020 MAP to Growth, which focuses upon strategic shifts in operations across our entire business. On a consolidated basis, we incurred $6.5 million of severance and benefit costs during the first half of fiscal 2020 compared with $25.6 million during the same period a year ago. Facility closure and other related costs totaled $4.6 million during the first half of fiscal 2020 versus $1.5 million during the first half of fiscal 2019. Finally, $0.3 million of other asset write-offs during the period compared with $0.7 million during the same period a year ago. These charges were associated with closures of certain facilities as well as the elimination of duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with certain of our businesses.

For further information and detail about the 2020 MAP to Growth restructuring plan, see “Restructuring Charges” in Results of Operations – Three Months Ended November 30, 2019, and Note 4, “Restructuring,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Expense Interest expense was $54.7 million for the first half of fiscal 2020 versus $47.5 million for the same period a year ago. The reversal of the convertible bond interest accrual during the first half of fiscal 2019 increased interest expense by approximately $2.1 million versus the same period a year ago. Excluding acquisition-related borrowings, higher average borrowings period over period increased interest expense by approximately $3.4 million during the first half of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable period a year ago. Higher average borrowings, related to recent acquisitions, increased interest expense during this year’s first half by approximately $1.3 million versus the same period a year ago. Higher interest rates, which averaged 4.00% overall for the first half of fiscal 2020 compared with 3.99% for the same period of fiscal 2019, increased interest expense by approximately $0.3 million during the current period versus the same period last year.

Investment (Income), Net Net investment income of approximately $14.2 million for the first half of fiscal 2020 compares to net investment losses of $4.6 million during the same period last year. Dividend and interest income totaled $3.7 million and $3.5 million for the first half of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net gains on marketable securities totaled $10.5 million during the first half of fiscal 2020, while there were net realized losses of $8.1 million during the same period a year ago.

IBT Our consolidated pretax income for the first half of fiscal 2020 of $244.6 million compares with pretax income of $158.5 million for the same period a year ago. Our CPG segment had IBT of $139.8 million, or 13.5% of net sales, for the six months ended November 30, 2019, versus IBT of $100.4 million, or 10.2% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our CPG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings, selling price increases and increased earnings from recent acquisitions. Our PCG segment had IBT of $61.4 million, or 10.4% of net sales, for the six months ended November 30, 2019, versus IBT of $30.6 million, or 5.2% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our PCG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings and selling price increases. Our Consumer segment IBT approximated $93.6 million, or 10.1% of net sales, for the first half of fiscal 2020, versus the prior year first half pretax income of $92.8 million, or 10.3% of net sales. The prior period results reflect the unfavorable legal settlements and related legal fees of approximately $10.0 million. Our Specialty segment had pretax income of $42.1 million, or 13.2% of net sales for the six months ended November 30, 2019, versus pretax income of $49.9 million, or 14.4% of net sales, for the same period a year ago, reflecting declines in sales volume in our fluorescent pigment, restoration equipment and specialty coatings businesses.

Income Tax Rate The effective income tax rate of 24.9% for the six months ended November 30, 2019 compares to the effective income tax rate of 24.7% for the six months ended November 30, 2018. The effective income tax rates for the six months ended November 30, 2019 and 2018 reflect variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and the net tax on foreign subsidiary income resulting from the global intangible low-taxed income provisions, partially offset by tax benefits related to equity compensation.

Net Income Net income of $183.8 million for the six months ended November 30, 2019 compares to net income of $119.4 million for the comparable prior year period. Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders for the first half of fiscal 2020 was $183.2 million, or 6.4% of consolidated net sales, which compared to net income of $119.0 million, or 4.2% of consolidated net sales for the comparable prior year period.

Diluted earnings per share of common stock for the six months ended November 30, 2019 of $1.41 compares with diluted earnings per share of common stock of $0.89 for the six months ended November 30, 2018.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Operating Activities

Fiscal 2020 Compared with Fiscal 2019

Approximately $300.2 million of cash was provided by operating activities during the first half of fiscal 2020, compared with $148.3 million of cash provided by operating activities during the same period last year. The net change in cash from operations

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includes the change in net income, which in creased by $64.5 million during the first half of fiscal 2020 versus the same period during fiscal 201 9. During the first half of fiscal 2020, we recorded $11.4 million in restructuring charges and made cash payments of $13.1 million related to our 2020 MAP to Growth, as further described in Note 4, “Restructuring.” Changes in working capital accounts accounted for an improvement of approximately $146.2 million period over period, while all other accruals and adjustments to reconcile net income used approximately $58.8 million more cash flow during the first half of fiscal 2020 versus the same period last year.

The change in accounts receivable during the first half of fiscal 2020 provided approximately $91.4 million more cash than during the same period a year ago. This resulted from improved margin initiatives that shifted approximately $100.0 million in receipts from the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 to the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Days sales outstanding (“DSO”) at November 30, 2019 and 2018 was 62.8 days. While many of our businesses achieved decreases in DSO during the current period versus last year, those improvements were more than offset by increased DSO at our Consumer segment resulting from a reduction of the volume of cash collections subject to early payment discounts.

During the first half of fiscal 2020, we spent approximately $7.9 million less cash for inventory compared to our spending during the same period a year ago, which resulted primarily from the timing of purchases by retail customers. Days of inventory outstanding (“DIO”) was approximately 91.2 and 91.1 days at November 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. While many of our businesses improved their DIO by several days during the current quarter versus last year, those improvements were more than offset by inventory increases at certain of our other businesses in order to accommodate and maintain customer service levels, which are the result of plant consolidations occurring as part of our 2020 MAP to Growth.

The change in accounts payable during the first half of fiscal 2020 used approximately $47.0 million less cash than during the first half of fiscal 2019, resulting principally from the timing of certain payments as we continue to move toward a center-led procurement process that includes negotiating modified payment terms. Cash provided from operations, along with the use of available credit lines, as required, remain our primary sources of liquidity.

Investing Activities

Capital expenditures, other than for ordinary repairs and replacements, are made to accommodate our continued growth to achieve production and distribution efficiencies, expand capacity, introduce new technology, improve environmental health and safety capabilities, improve information systems, and enhance our administration capabilities. During the first half of fiscal 2020, we paid $36.3 million for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, versus $127.8 million during the comparable prior year period. Capital expenditures of $71.4 million during the first half of fiscal 2020 compare with depreciation of $53.1 million. In the comparable prior year period, capital expenditures were $57.8 million, which compared with depreciation of $49.6 million. We have been increasing, and will continue to increase, our capital spending in fiscal 2020, in an effort to consolidate ERP systems and our plant footprint, as part of 2020 MAP to Growth. We anticipate that additional shifts at our production facilities, coupled with the capacity added through acquisition activity and our planned increase in future capital spending levels, will enable us to meet increased demand throughout fiscal 2020 and beyond.

Our captive insurance companies invest their excess cash in marketable securities in the ordinary course of conducting their operations, and this activity will continue. Differences in the amounts related to these activities on a year-over-year basis are primarily attributable to differences in the timing and performance of their investments balanced against amounts required to satisfy claims. At November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, the fair value of our investments in marketable securities totaled $122.5 million and $112.5 million, respectively. The fair value of our portfolio of marketable securities is based on quoted market prices for identical, or similar, instruments in active or non-active markets or model-derived-valuations with observable inputs. We have no marketable securities whose fair value is subject to unobservable inputs.

As of November 30, 2019, approximately $190.5 million of our consolidated cash and cash equivalents were held at various foreign subsidiaries, compared with $205.8 million at May 31, 2019. Undistributed earnings held at our foreign subsidiaries that are considered permanently reinvested will be used, for instance, to expand operations organically or for acquisitions in foreign jurisdictions. Further, our operations in the U.S. generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy U.S. operating requirements. Refer to Note 9, “Income Taxes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding unremitted foreign earnings.

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Financing Activities

Our available liquidity, including our cash and cash equivalents and amounts available under our committed credit facilities, stood at $822.0 million at November 30, 2019, compared with $1.28 billion at May 31, 2019. During the current quarter, we used funds from our revolving credit facility to pay off our $450 million, 6.125% notes due in October 2019.

4.550% Notes due 2029

On February 27, 2019, we closed an offering for $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.550% Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”). The proceeds from the 2029 Notes were used to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and for general corporate purposes. Interest on the 2029 Notes accrues from February 27, 2019 and is payable semiannually in arrears on March 1st and September 1st of each year at a rate of 4.550% per year. The 2029 Notes mature on March 1, 2029. The indenture governing this indebtedness includes cross-acceleration provisions. Under certain circumstances, where an event of default under our other instruments results in acceleration of the indebtedness under such instruments, holders of the indebtedness under the indenture are entitled to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

4.250% Notes due 2048

On December 20, 2017, we closed an offering for $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.250% Notes due 2048 (the “2048 Notes”). The proceeds from the 2048 Notes were used to repay $250.0 million in principal amount of unsecured 6.50% senior notes due February 15, 2018, and for general corporate purposes. Interest on the 2048 Notes accrues from December 20, 2017 and is payable semiannually in arrears on January 15th and July 15th of each year at a rate of 4.250% per year. The 2048 Notes mature on January 15, 2048. The indenture governing this indebtedness includes cross-acceleration provisions. Under certain circumstances, where an event of default under our other instruments results in acceleration of the indebtedness under such instruments, holders of the indebtedness under the indenture are entitled to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

5.250% Notes due 2045 and 3.750% Notes due 2027

On March 2, 2017, we issued $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.250% Notes due 2045 (the “2045 Notes”) and $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.750% Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2045 Notes are a further issuance of the $250 million aggregate principal amount of 5.250% Notes due 2045 initially issued by us on May 29, 2015. Interest on the 2045 Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on June 1st and December 1st of each year at a rate of 5.250% per year. The 2045 Notes mature on June 1, 2045. Interest on the 2027 Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on March 15th and September 15th of each year, at a rate of 3.750% per year. The 2027 Notes mature on March 15, 2027. The indenture governing this indebtedness includes cross-acceleration provisions. Under certain circumstances, where an event of default under our other instruments results in acceleration of the indebtedness under such instruments, holders of the indebtedness under the indenture are entitled to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

Revolving Credit Agreement

During the quarter ended November 30, 2018, we replaced our previous $800.0 million revolving credit agreement, which was set to expire on December 5, 2019, with a $1.3 billion unsecured syndicated revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which expires on October 31, 2023. The Revolving Credit Facility includes sublimits for the issuance of swingline loans, which are comparatively short-term loans used for working capital purposes and letters of credit. The aggregate maximum principal amount of the commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility may be expanded upon our request, subject to certain conditions, up to $1.5 billion. The Revolving Credit Facility is available to refinance existing indebtedness, to finance working capital and capital expenditures, and for general corporate purposes. Accordingly, during October 2019, we utilized available funds from our Revolving Credit Facility to repay our $450 million unsecured 6.125% senior notes, which matured on October 15, 2019. At May 31, 2019, the outstanding balance on our 6.125% senior notes approximated $450.5 million, which is included in the current portion of long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.

The Revolving Credit Facility requires us to comply with various customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a leverage covenant and interest coverage ratio, which are calculated in accordance with the terms as defined by the credit agreement. Under the terms of the leverage covenant, we may not permit our leverage ratio for total indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA for the four most recent fiscal quarters to exceed 3.75 to 1.0. During certain periods and per the terms of the Revolving Credit Facility, this ratio may be increased to 4.25 to 1.0 in the event of an acquisition for which the aggregate consideration is $100.0 million or greater. The minimum required consolidated interest coverage ratio for EBITDA to interest expense is 3.50 to 1. The interest coverage ratio is calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter for the four fiscal quarters then ended. For purposes of these computations, EBITDA is defined in the Revolving Credit Facility.

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As of November 3 0, 2019, we were in compliance with all financial covenants contained in our Revolving Credit Facility, including the leverage and interest coverage ratio covenants. At that date, our leverage ratio was 2.9 3 to 1, while our interest coverage ratio was 7.59 to 1. Our available liquidity under our Revolving Credit Facility stood at $513.8 million at November 30, 2019.

Our access to funds under our Revolving Credit Facility is dependent on the ability of the financial institutions that are parties to the Revolving Credit Facility to meet their funding commitments. Those financial institutions may not be able to meet their funding commitments if they experience shortages of capital and liquidity or if they experience excessive volumes of borrowing requests within a short period of time. Moreover, the obligations of the financial institutions under our Revolving Credit Facility are several and not joint and, as a result, a funding default by one or more institutions does not need to be made up by the others.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

On May 9, 2014, we entered into a $200.0 million accounts receivable securitization facility (the “AR Program”). The AR Program, which expires on May 8, 2020, was entered into pursuant to (1) a second amended and restated receivables sales agreement, dated as of May 9, 2014, and subsequently amended on August 29, 2014; November 3, 2015; December 31, 2016; and March 31, 2017 (the “Sale Agreement”), among certain of our subsidiaries (the “Originators”), and RPM Funding Corporation, a special purpose entity (the “SPE”) whose voting interests are wholly owned by us, and (2) an amended and restated receivables purchase agreement, dated as of May 9, 2014 and subsequently amended on February 25, 2015 and May 2, 2017 (the “Purchase Agreement”), among the SPE, certain purchasers from time to time party thereto (the “Purchasers”), and PNC Bank, National Association as administrative agent.

Under the Sale Agreement, the Originators may, during the term thereof, sell specified accounts receivable to the SPE, which may in turn, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, transfer an undivided interest in such accounts receivable to the Purchasers. Once transferred to the SPE, such receivables are owned in their entirety by the SPE and are not available to satisfy claims of our creditors or creditors of the originating subsidiaries until the obligations owing to the participating banks have been paid in full. We indirectly hold a 100% economic interest in the SPE and will, along with our subsidiaries, receive the economic benefit of the AR Program. The transactions contemplated by the AR Program do not constitute a form of off-balance sheet financing, and will be fully reflected in our financial statements.

The maximum availability under the AR Program is $200.0 million. Availability is further subject to changes in the credit ratings of our customers, customer concentration levels or certain characteristics of the accounts receivable being transferred and, therefore, at certain times, we may not be able to fully access the $200.0 million of funding available under the AR Program. As of November 30, 2019, the outstanding balance under the AR Program was $100.0 million, which compares with the maximum availability on that date of $200.0 million.

The interest rate under the Purchase Agreement is based on the Alternate Base Rate, LIBOR Market Index Rate, one-month LIBOR or LIBOR for a specified tranche period, as selected by us, plus in each case a margin of 0.80%. In addition, as set forth in an Amended and Restated Fee Letter, dated May 2, 2017 (the “Fee Letter”), the SPE is obligated to pay a monthly unused commitment fee to the Purchasers based on the daily amount of unused commitments under the Agreement, which ranges from 0.30% to 0.50% based on usage. The AR Program contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as customary default and termination provisions.

Our failure to comply with the covenants described above and other covenants contained in the Revolving Credit Facility could result in an event of default under that agreement, entitling the lenders to, among other things, declare the entire amount outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility to be due and payable immediately. The instruments governing our other outstanding indebtedness generally include cross-default provisions that provide that, under certain circumstances, an event of default that results in acceleration of our indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility will entitle the holders of such other indebtedness to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

2.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020

On December 9, 2013, we issued $205 million of 2.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 (the “Convertible Notes”). We paid interest on the Convertible Notes semi-annually on June 15th and December 15th of each year.

We completed the redemption of all $205.0 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding Convertible Notes on November 27, 2018.

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Stock Repurchase Program

On January 9, 2008, we announced our authorization of a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of RPM International Inc. common stock at management’s discretion. As announced on November 28, 2018, our goal is to return $1.0 billion in capital to stockholders by May 31, 2021 through share repurchases. On April 16, 2019, after taking into account share repurchases under our existing stock repurchase program to date, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of the remaining $600.0 million in value of RPM International Inc. common stock by May 31, 2021. As a result, we may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in private transactions at various times and in amounts and for prices that our management deems appropriate, subject to insider trading rules and other securities law restrictions. The timing of our purchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, alternative uses of capital and other factors. We may limit or terminate the repurchase program at any time. During the three months ended November 30, 2019, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under this program. During the three months ended November 30, 2018, we repurchased 1,144,952 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $75.0 million, or an average cost of $65.50 per share, under this program. During the six months ended November 30, 2019, we repurchased 1,655,616 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $100.0 million, or an average cost of $60.40 per share, under this program. During the six months ended November 30, 2018, we repurchased 1,248,398 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $82.0 million, or an average cost of $65.68 per share, under this program.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet financings for the year ended May 31, 2019, other than the minimum operating lease commitments as previously disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2019. As of June 1, 2019, upon adoption of ASC 842, the minimum operating lease commitments are no longer off-balance sheet. We have no subsidiaries that are not included in our financial statements, nor do we have any interests in, or relationships with, any special purpose entities that are not reflected in our financial statements.

OTHER MATTERS

Environmental Matters

Environmental obligations continue to be appropriately addressed and, based upon the latest available information, it is not anticipated that the outcome of such matters will materially affect our results of operations or financial condition. Our critical accounting policies and estimates set forth above describe our method of establishing and adjusting environmental-related accruals and should be read in conjunction with this disclosure. For additional information, refer to “Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings.”

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The foregoing discussion includes forward-looking statements relating to our business. These forward-looking statements, or other statements made by us, are made based on our expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting us and are subject to uncertainties and factors (including those specified below), which are difficult to predict and, in many instances, are beyond our control. As a result, our actual results could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any such forward-looking statements. These uncertainties and factors include (a) global markets and general economic conditions, including uncertainties surrounding the volatility in financial markets, the availability of capital and the effect of changes in interest rates, and the viability of banks and other financial institutions; (b) the prices, supply and capacity of raw materials, including assorted pigments, resins, solvents, and other natural gas- and oil-based materials; packaging, including plastic containers; and transportation services, including fuel surcharges; (c) continued growth in demand for our products; (d) legal, environmental and litigation risks inherent in our construction and chemicals businesses and risks related to the adequacy of our insurance coverage for such matters; (e) the effect of changes in interest rates; (f) the effect of fluctuations in currency exchange rates upon our foreign operations; (g) the effect of non-currency risks of investing in and conducting operations in foreign countries, including those relating to domestic and international political, social, economic and regulatory factors; (h) risks and uncertainties associated with our ongoing acquisition and divestiture activities; (i) the timing of and the realization of anticipated cost savings from restructuring initiatives and the ability to identify additional cost savings opportunities; (j) risks related to the adequacy of our contingent liability reserves; and (k) other risks detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2019, as the same may be updated from time to time. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect future events, information or circumstances that arise after the filing date of this document.

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risk from changes in raw materials costs, interest rates and foreign exchange rates since we fund our operations through long- and short-term borrowings and conduct our business in a variety of foreign currencies. There were no material potential changes in our exposure to these market risks since May 31, 2019.

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ITEM 4. | CONTROL S AND PROCEDURES

(a) EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of November 30, 2019 (the “Evaluation Date”), have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act (1) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and (2) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

SEC Investigation and Enforcement Action

As previously disclosed, we were notified by the SEC on June 24, 2014, that we are the subject of a formal investigation pertaining to the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves in fiscal 2013 with respect to the previously disclosed DOJ and GSA Office of Inspector General investigation into compliance issues relating to Tremco Roofing Division’s GSA contracts. As previously disclosed, our audit committee completed an investigation into the facts and circumstances surrounding the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves with respect to the GSA and DOJ investigations, and determined that it was appropriate to restate our financial results for the first, second and third quarters of fiscal 2013. These restatements had no impact on our audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2013 or 2014. The audit committee’s investigation concluded that there was no intentional misconduct on the part of any of our officers.

In connection with the foregoing, on September 9, 2016, the SEC filed an enforcement action in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against us and our General Counsel. We have cooperated with the SEC’s investigation and believe the allegations in the complaint mischaracterize both our and our General Counsel’s actions in connection with the matters related to our quarterly results in fiscal 2013 and are without merit. The complaint seeks disgorgement of gains that may have resulted from the conduct alleged in the complaint, and payment of unspecified monetary penalties from us and our General Counsel pursuant to Section 20(d) of the Securities Act and Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act. Further, the complaint seeks to permanently enjoin us from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act, Sections 13(a), 13(b)(2)(A) and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act, and Exchange Act Rules 12b-20, 13a-1, 13a-11 and 13a-13, and to permanently enjoin our General Counsel from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act and Exchange Act Rules 13b2-1 and 13b2-2(a). Both we and our General Counsel filed motions to dismiss the complaint on February 24, 2017. Those motions to dismiss the complaint were denied by the Court on September 29, 2017. We and our General Counsel filed answers to the complaint on October 16, 2017. Formal discovery commenced in January 2018 and closed as of June 3, 2019, other than one remaining discovery dispute. The parties engaged in written discovery, and several fact witnesses were deposed. The dispositive motion briefing schedule was vacated by the Court on July 2, 2019, due to the remaining discovery dispute, and will be reset once this dispute is fully resolved. We intend to continue to contest the allegations in the complaint vigorously.

Environmental Proceedings

As previously reported, several of our subsidiaries are, from time to time, identified as a “potentially responsible party” under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and similar local environmental statutes. In some cases, our subsidiaries are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts or other remedial actions. Our share of such costs to date, however, has not been material and management believes that these environmental proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. See “Item 1 — Business — Environmental Matters,” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

On August 13, 2019, Kirker Enterprises Inc. received an Administrative Order and Civil Administrative Penalty Assessment letter from the State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Air Enforcement formally notifying it of alleged failures to fulfill all conditions of an air permit applicable to its Patterson, New Jersey facility. The letter includes a proposed penalty of approximately $192,000.

Carboline Company previously was identified as a potentially responsible party in connection with a matter filed on behalf of the U.S. EPA claiming that Carboline Company, among other potentially responsible parties, violated Section 107 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) and seeking reimbursement for response costs incurred in connection with the release or threatened release of hazardous substances at the Lammers Barrel Superfund Site in Beavercreek, Ohio. Subsequent to the end of the current quarter, Carboline Company agreed in principle to settle this matter for $1.3 million, which amount is subject to final approval and court entry of the proposed consent decree relating to this matter.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019.

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ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUI TY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(c) The following table presents information about repurchases of common stock we made during the second quarter of fiscal 2020:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Maximum
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Number |  |  | Dollar Amount
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | of Shares |  |  | that
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Purchased as |  |  | May Yet be
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Part of Publicly |  |  | Purchased
|  | Total Number |  |  | Average |  |  | Announced |  |  | Under the
|  | of Shares |  |  | Price Paid |  |  | Plans or |  |  | Plans or
Period |  | Purchased(1) |  |  | Per Share |  |  | Programs |  |  | Programs(2)
September 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019 |  |  | 7,354 |  |  | $ | 69.30 |  |  |  | - |  |  |
October 1, 2019 through October 31, 2019 |  |  | 51,179 |  |  | $ | 68.75 |  |  |  | - |  |  |
November 1, 2019 through November 30, 2019 |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |
Total - Second Quarter |  |  | 58,533 |  |  | $ | 68.82 |  |  |  | - |  |  |

(1) | Includes 58,533 shares of common stock that were disposed of back to us in satisfaction of tax obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock which was granted under RPM International Inc.'s Amended and Restated 2014 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan and 2007 Restricted Stock Plan.

(2) | The maximum dollar amount that may yet be repurchased under our program was approximately $494.7 million at November 30, 2019. Refer to Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our stock repurchase program.

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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.(x)
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.(x)
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.(x)
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.(x)
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
104 |  | The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2019, has been formatted in Inline XBRL

(x) | Filed herewith.

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| RPM International Inc.
| By: |  | /s/ Frank C. Sullivan
|  |  | Frank C. Sullivan
|  |  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
| By: |  | /s/ Russell L. Gordon
|  |  | Russell L. Gordon
|  |  | Vice President and
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer

Dated: January 8, 2020

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