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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended February 29, 2020,

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File No. 1-14187

RPM International Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 02-0642224
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
P.O. BOX 777; 2628 PEARL ROAD; MEDINA, Ohio (Address of principal executive offices) |  | 44258 (Zip Code)

(330) 273-5090

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 |  | RPM |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☐ No ☒.

As of April 3, 2020, the registrant had 129,491,250 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES*

INDEX

|  |  |  | Page No.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements: |  |
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income |  | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  | 5
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 6
|  | Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity |  | 7
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 9
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 32
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 42
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 42
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 43
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 44
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 44
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 45
Signatures |  | 46

* | As used herein, the terms “RPM” and the “Company” refer to RPM International Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

2

PART I. – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | February 29, 2020 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 212,242 |  |  | $ | 223,168 |
Trade accounts receivable (less allowances of $58,492 and $54,748, respectively) |  |  | 948,351 |  |  |  | 1,232,350 |
Inventories |  |  | 914,197 |  |  |  | 841,873 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 240,678 |  |  |  | 220,701 |
Total current assets |  |  | 2,315,468 |  |  |  | 2,518,092 |
Property, Plant and Equipment, at Cost |  |  | 1,731,101 |  |  |  | 1,662,859 |
Allowance for depreciation |  |  | (900,368 | ) |  |  | (843,648 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 830,733 |  |  |  | 819,211 |
Other Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 1,265,237 |  |  |  | 1,245,762 |
Other intangible assets, net of amortization |  |  | 597,018 |  |  |  | 601,082 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 289,654 |  |  |  | — |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 36,601 |  |  |  | 34,908 |
Other |  |  | 231,159 |  |  |  | 222,300 |
Total other assets |  |  | 2,419,669 |  |  |  | 2,104,052 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 5,565,870 |  |  | $ | 5,441,355 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 475,613 |  |  | $ | 556,696 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 71,234 |  |  |  | 552,446 |
Accrued compensation and benefits |  |  | 154,129 |  |  |  | 193,345 |
Accrued losses |  |  | 22,831 |  |  |  | 19,899 |
Other accrued liabilities |  |  | 238,324 |  |  |  | 217,019 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 962,131 |  |  |  | 1,539,405 |
Long-Term Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt, less current maturities |  |  | 2,488,529 |  |  |  | 1,973,462 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 247,685 |  |  |  | - |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 391,677 |  |  |  | 405,040 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 122,499 |  |  |  | 114,843 |
Total long-term liabilities |  |  | 3,250,390 |  |  |  | 2,493,345 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $0.01; authorized 50,000 shares; none issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $0.01; authorized 300,000 shares; issued 143,220 and outstanding 129,879 as of February 29, 2020; issued 142,439 and outstanding 130,995 as of May 31, 2019 |  |  | 1,299 |  |  |  | 1,310 |
Paid-in capital |  |  | 1,013,561 |  |  |  | 994,508 |
Treasury stock, at cost |  |  | (553,663 | ) |  |  | (437,290 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | (592,024 | ) |  |  | (577,628 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,481,339 |  |  |  | 1,425,052 |
Total RPM International Inc. stockholders' equity |  |  | 1,350,512 |  |  |  | 1,405,952 |
Noncontrolling Interest |  |  | 2,837 |  |  |  | 2,653 |
Total equity |  |  | 1,353,349 |  |  |  | 1,408,605 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  | $ | 5,565,870 |  |  | $ | 5,441,355 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

3

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net Sales |  | $ | 1,173,976 |  |  | $ | 1,140,630 |  |  | $ | 4,048,033 |  |  | $ | 3,963,150 |
Cost of Sales |  |  | 739,229 |  |  |  | 731,208 |  |  |  | 2,509,133 |  |  |  | 2,510,643 |
Gross Profit |  |  | 434,747 |  |  |  | 409,422 |  |  |  | 1,538,900 |  |  |  | 1,452,507 |
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses |  |  | 381,866 |  |  |  | 374,153 |  |  |  | 1,185,791 |  |  |  | 1,175,049 |
Restructuring Charges |  |  | 7,343 |  |  |  | 8,679 |  |  |  | 18,766 |  |  |  | 36,479 |
Interest Expense |  |  | 23,972 |  |  |  | 26,525 |  |  |  | 78,630 |  |  |  | 74,058 |
Investment (Income) Expense, Net |  |  | 3,836 |  |  |  | (4,726 | ) |  |  | (10,354 | ) |  |  | (126 | )
Other Expense, Net |  |  | 1,422 |  |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | 5,158 |  |  |  | 4,052 |
Income Before Income Taxes |  |  | 16,308 |  |  |  | 4,464 |  |  |  | 260,909 |  |  |  | 162,995 |
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes |  |  | 4,218 |  |  |  | (10,032 | ) |  |  | 65,002 |  |  |  | 29,140 |
Net Income |  |  | 12,090 |  |  |  | 14,496 |  |  |  | 195,907 |  |  |  | 133,855 |
Less: Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 835 |  |  |  | 677 |
Net Income Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders |  | $ | 11,853 |  |  | $ | 14,190 |  |  | $ | 195,072 |  |  | $ | 133,178 |
Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 128,426 |  |  |  | 130,105 |  |  |  | 128,572 |  |  |  | 131,019 |
Diluted |  |  | 130,028 |  |  |  | 131,889 |  |  |  | 129,238 |  |  |  | 132,829 |
Earnings per Share of Common Stock Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 1.51 |  |  | $ | 1.01 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 1.50 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

4

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 2020 |  |  |  | 2019 |
Net Income |  | $ | 12,090 |  |  | $ | 14,496 |  |  | $ | 195,907 |  |  | $ | 133,855 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | (14,515 | ) |  |  | 20,823 |  |  |  | (21,980 | ) |  |  | (32,111 | )
Pension and other postretirement benefit liability adjustments (net of tax of $1,335; $711; $3,454 and $2,801, respectively) |  |  | 4,196 |  |  |  | 2,479 |  |  |  | 11,223 |  |  |  | 8,962 |
Unrealized gain on securities and other (net of tax of $0; $0; $1 and $543, respectively) |  |  | 559 |  |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | 775 |  |  |  | 1,183 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives (net of tax of $1,275; $97; $1,001 and $346, respectively) |  |  | (5,565 | ) |  |  | (604 | ) |  |  | (4,402 | ) |  |  | 2,667 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (15,325 | ) |  |  | 22,919 |  |  |  | (14,384 | ) |  |  | (19,299 | )
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | (3,235 | ) |  |  | 37,415 |  |  |  | 181,523 |  |  |  | 114,556 |
Less: Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | (219 | ) |  |  | 849 |  |  |  | (14 | )
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders |  | $ | (3,464 | ) |  | $ | 37,634 |  |  | $ | 180,674 |  |  | $ | 114,570 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

5

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 195,907 |  |  | $ | 133,855 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 113,520 |  |  |  | 107,546 |
Restructuring charges, net of payments |  |  | (132 | ) |  |  | 9,296 |
Fair value adjustments to contingent earnout obligations, net |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,558 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 2,505 |  |  |  | (8,747 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 18,881 |  |  |  | 20,892 |
Other non-cash interest expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,552 |
Realized/unrealized (gains) losses on marketable securities |  |  | (3,063 | ) |  |  | 5,906 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,051 |
Other |  |  | (371 | ) |  |  | 179 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from purchases and sales of businesses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in receivables |  |  | 282,052 |  |  |  | 152,622 |
(Increase) in inventory |  |  | (73,566 | ) |  |  | (80,686 | )
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other current and long-term assets |  |  | 19,747 |  |  |  | 11,593 |
(Decrease) in accounts payable |  |  | (70,286 | ) |  |  | (166,951 | )
(Decrease) in accrued compensation and benefits |  |  | (38,468 | ) |  |  | (32,503 | )
Increase in accrued losses |  |  | 3,120 |  |  |  | 1,578 |
(Decrease) in other accrued liabilities |  |  | (68,906 | ) |  |  | (20,952 | )
Other |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 5,716 |
Cash Provided By Operating Activities |  |  | 381,177 |  |  |  | 145,505 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (105,430 | ) |  |  | (84,491 | )
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired |  |  | (65,102 | ) |  |  | (167,712 | )
Purchase of marketable securities |  |  | (17,076 | ) |  |  | (16,644 | )
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities |  |  | 21,325 |  |  |  | 67,550 |
Other |  |  | 2,203 |  |  |  | 1,294 |
Cash (Used For) Investing Activities |  |  | (164,080 | ) |  |  | (200,003 | )
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to long-term and short-term debt |  |  | 698,256 |  |  |  | 596,222 |
Reductions of long-term and short-term debt |  |  | (664,040 | ) |  |  | (253,343 | )
Cash dividends |  |  | (138,784 | ) |  |  | (135,535 | )
Repurchases of common stock |  |  | (100,000 | ) |  |  | (173,222 | )
Shares of common stock returned for taxes |  |  | (16,579 | ) |  |  | (17,834 | )
Payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration |  |  | (227 | ) |  |  | (3,598 | )
Other |  |  | (665 | ) |  |  | (640 | )
Cash (Used For) Provided By Financing Activities |  |  | (222,039 | ) |  |  | 12,050 |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  | (5,984 | ) |  |  | (6,805 | )
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  | (10,926 | ) |  |  | (49,253 | )
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period |  |  | 223,168 |  |  |  | 244,422 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period |  | $ | 212,242 |  |  | $ | 195,169 |
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flows Information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 79,541 |  |  | $ | 70,548 |
Income Taxes, net of refunds |  | $ | 89,042 |  |  | $ | 33,859 |
Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion of Debt to Equity |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 38,239 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

6

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total RPM |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | of |  |  | Par/Stated |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Retained |  |  | International |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Total |
|  | Shares |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Stock |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Inc. Equity |  |  | Interests |  |  | Equity |
Balance at June 1, 2019 |  |  | 130,995 |  |  | $ | 1,310 |  |  | $ | 994,508 |  |  | $ | (437,290 | ) |  | $ | (577,628 | ) |  | $ | 1,425,052 |  |  | $ | 1,405,952 |  |  | $ | 2,653 |  |  | $ | 1,408,605 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 106,188 |  |  |  | 106,188 |  |  |  | 308 |  |  |  | 106,496 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (23,625 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (23,625 | ) |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | (23,656 | )
Dividends declared and paid ($0.35 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (45,323 | ) |  |  | (45,323 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (45,323 | )
Other noncontrolling interest activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (297 | ) |  |  | (297 | )
Share repurchases under repurchase program |  |  | (1,656 | ) |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | (100,000 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (100,000 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (100,000 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | 330 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 6,557 |  |  |  | (6,360 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 200 |
Balance at August 31, 2019 |  |  | 129,669 |  |  | $ | 1,297 |  |  | $ | 1,001,081 |  |  | $ | (543,650 | ) |  | $ | (601,253 | ) |  | $ | 1,485,917 |  |  | $ | 1,343,392 |  |  | $ | 2,633 |  |  | $ | 1,346,025 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 77,030 |  |  |  | 77,030 |  |  |  | 292 |  |  |  | 77,322 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 24,546 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 24,546 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 24,597 |
Dividends declared and paid ($0.36 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,717 | ) |  |  | (46,717 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,717 | )
Other noncontrolling interest activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (368 | ) |  |  | (368 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 6,473 |  |  |  | (4,033 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,441 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,441 |
Balance at November 30, 2019 |  |  | 129,766 |  |  | $ | 1,298 |  |  | $ | 1,007,554 |  |  | $ | (547,683 | ) |  | $ | (576,707 | ) |  | $ | 1,516,230 |  |  | $ | 1,400,692 |  |  | $ | 2,608 |  |  | $ | 1,403,300 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 11,853 |  |  |  | 11,853 |  |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 12,090 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (15,317 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (15,317 | ) |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (15,325 | )
Dividends paid ($0.36 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,744 | ) |  |  | (46,744 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,744 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 6,007 |  |  |  | (5,980 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 28 |
Balance at February 29, 2020 |  |  | 129,879 |  |  | $ | 1,299 |  |  | $ | 1,013,561 |  |  | $ | (553,663 | ) |  | $ | (592,024 | ) |  | $ | 1,481,339 |  |  | $ | 1,350,512 |  |  | $ | 2,837 |  |  | $ | 1,353,349 |

7

|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total RPM |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | of |  |  | Par/Stated |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Retained |  |  | International |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Total |
|  | Shares |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Stock |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Inc. Equity |  |  | Interests |  |  | Equity |
Balance at June 1, 2018 |  |  | 133,647 |  |  | $ | 1,336 |  |  | $ | 982,067 |  |  | $ | (236,318 | ) |  | $ | (459,048 | ) |  | $ | 1,342,736 |  |  | $ | 1,630,773 |  |  | $ | 2,765 |  |  | $ | 1,633,538 |
Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2014-09 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,833 | ) |  |  | (2,833 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,833 | )
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 69,764 |  |  |  | 69,764 |  |  |  | 422 |  |  |  | 70,186 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (33,978 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (33,978 | ) |  |  | (258 | ) |  |  | (34,236 | )
Dividends declared and paid ($0.32 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (42,715 | ) |  |  | (42,715 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (42,715 | )
Other noncontrolling interest activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |
Share repurchases under repurchase program |  |  | (103 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (6,994 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,994 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,994 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 10,018 |  |  |  | (13,587 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,570 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,570 | )
Balance at August 31, 2018 |  |  | 133,408 |  |  | $ | 1,334 |  |  | $ | 992,086 |  |  | $ | (256,899 | ) |  | $ | (493,026 | ) |  | $ | 1,366,952 |  |  | $ | 1,610,447 |  |  | $ | 2,932 |  |  | $ | 1,613,379 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 49,224 |  |  |  | 49,224 |  |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | 49,173 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (8,074 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (8,074 | ) |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | (7,983 | )
Dividends declared and paid ($0.35 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,481 | ) |  |  | (46,481 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,481 | )
Other noncontrolling interest activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 567 |  |  |  | 567 |
Share repurchases under repurchase program |  |  | (1,145 | ) |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | (74,998 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (74,998 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (74,998 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | 274 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 7,277 |  |  |  | (2,082 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,197 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,197 |
Convertible bond redemption |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | (23,029 | ) |  |  | 20,215 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,808 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,808 | )
Balance at November 30, 2018 |  |  | 133,136 |  |  | $ | 1,331 |  |  | $ | 976,345 |  |  | $ | (313,764 | ) |  | $ | (501,100 | ) |  | $ | 1,369,695 |  |  | $ | 1,532,507 |  |  | $ | 3,539 |  |  | $ | 1,536,046 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14,190 |  |  |  | 14,190 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 14,496 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 23,443 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 23,443 |  |  |  | (524 | ) |  |  | 22,919 |
Dividends paid ($0.35 per share) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,340 | ) |  |  | (46,340 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (46,340 | )
Other noncontrolling interest activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (248 | ) |  |  | (248 | )
Share repurchases under repurchase program |  |  | (1,571 | ) |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | (91,230 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (91,230 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (91,230 | )
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,997 |  |  |  | (1,373 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,624 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,624 |
Balance at February 28, 2019 |  |  | 131,544 |  |  | $ | 1,315 |  |  | $ | 984,358 |  |  | $ | (406,367 | ) |  | $ | (477,657 | ) |  | $ | 1,337,545 |  |  | $ | 1,439,194 |  |  | $ | 3,073 |  |  | $ | 1,442,267 |

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

8

RPM INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 — CONSOLIDATION, NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included for the three- and nine-month periods ended February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2019.

Our financial statements include all of our majority-owned subsidiaries. We account for our investments in less-than-majority-owned joint ventures, for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, under the equity method. Effects of transactions between related companies are eliminated in consolidation.

Noncontrolling interests are presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements as if parent company investors (controlling interests) and other minority investors (noncontrolling interests) in partially-owned subsidiaries have similar economic interests in a single entity. As a result, investments in noncontrolling interests are reported as equity in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, our Consolidated Financial Statements include 100% of a controlled subsidiary’s earnings, rather than only our share. Transactions between the parent company and noncontrolling interests are reported in equity as transactions between stockholders, provided that these transactions do not create a change in control.

Our business is dependent on external weather factors. Historically, we have experienced strong sales and net income in our first, second and fourth fiscal quarters comprising the three-month periods ending August 31, November 30 and May 31, respectively, with weaker performance in our third fiscal quarter (December through February).

NOTE 2 — NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

New Pronouncements Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which increases lease transparency and comparability among organizations. Under the new standard, lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing our right to use an underlying asset and a lease liability representing our obligation to make lease payments over the lease term, with the exception of leases with a term of 12 months or less, which permits a lessee to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and liabilities. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. In March 2018, the FASB approved an alternative transition method to the modified retrospective approach, which eliminates the requirement to restate prior period financial statements and requires the cumulative effect of the retrospective allocation to be recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the date of adoption.

We adopted the new leasing standard on the required effective date of June 1, 2019 using the alternative transition method as described above. Results for reporting periods beginning on June 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts continue to be reported and disclosed in accordance with our historical accounting treatment under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 840, “Leases (ASC 840).” We elected to apply the package of practical expedients permitted under the ASC 842 transition guidance. Accordingly, we did not reassess whether any expired or expiring contracts contain leases, lease classification between finance and operating leases, and the recognition of initial direct costs of leases commencing before the effective date. We also applied the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components to existing leases, as well as new leases through transition. However, we did not elect the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for existing leases. As a result of our adoption procedures, we have determined that the new guidance had a material impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and did not have a material effect on our Consolidated Statements of Income, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows or our debt covenants. The effects of our transition to ASC 842 resulted in no cumulative adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. Refer to Note 13, “Leases,” for additional information.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement (Topic 220), Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” which allows for an entity to reclassify the tax effects of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) that were previously recorded in accumulated comprehensive income to retained earnings. The adoption of this new guidance, effective June 1, 2019, did not have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements as we did not elect the option to reclassify to retained earnings the tax effects resulting from the Tax Act that were previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”).

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New Pronouncements Issued

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” which requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Additionally, the standard amends the current available-for-sale security other-than-temporary impairment model for debt securities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” to eliminate step two from the goodwill impairment test in order to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of the update. We do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20), Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with employers that sponsor defined benefit or other postretirement plans. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities and the amendments in this update are required to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740),” which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Depending on the amendment, adoption may be applied on the retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective basis. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTE 3 — CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE

During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we changed our method of accounting for shipping and handling costs, which we have identified as costs paid to third-party shippers for transporting products to customers. Under the new method of accounting, we include shipping costs in cost of sales, whereas previously, they were included in SG&A expense.

We believe that including these expenses in cost of sales is preferable, as it better aligns these costs with the related revenue in the gross profit calculation and is consistent with the practices of other industry peers. This change in accounting principle has been applied retrospectively, and the Consolidated Statements of Income reflect the effect of this accounting principle change for all periods presented. This reclassification had no impact on income before income taxes, net income attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders, net income or earnings per share. The Consolidated Balance Sheets, Statements of Comprehensive Income, Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, and Statements of Cash Flows were not impacted by this accounting principle change.

The Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2019 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting principle. The impact of the adjustment for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2019 was an increase of $36.7 million and $125.6 million, respectively, to cost of sales and a corresponding decrease to selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense.

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NOTE 4 — RESTRUCTURING

We record restructuring charges associated with management-approved restructuring plans to either reorganize one or more of our business segments, or to remove duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with our businesses. Restructuring charges can include severance costs to eliminate a specified number of employees, infrastructure charges to vacate facilities and consolidate operations, contract cancellation costs and other costs. Restructuring charges are recorded based upon planned employee termination dates and site closure and consolidation plans. The timing of associated cash payments is dependent upon the type of restructuring charge and can extend over a multi-year period. We record the short-term portion of our restructuring liability in Other Accrued Liabilities and the long-term portion, if any, in Other Long-Term Liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

2020 MAP to Growth

Between May and August 2018, we approved and implemented the initial phases of a multi-year restructuring plan, the 2020 Margin Acceleration Plan (“2020 MAP to Growth”). The initial phases of our 2020 MAP to Growth affected all of our reportable segments, as well as our corporate/nonoperating segment, and focused on margin improvement by simplifying business processes; reducing inventory categories and rationalizing SKUs; eliminating underperforming businesses; reducing headcount and working capital; and improving operating efficiency. The majority of the activities included in the initial phases of the restructuring activities have been completed.

During the quarter ended November 30, 2018, we formally announced the remainder of our 2020 MAP to Growth. This multi-year restructuring is expected to increase operational efficiency while maintaining our entrepreneurial growth culture and will include three additional phases originally expected to be implemented between September 2018 and December 2020. Recently, however, the disruption caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 is expected to delay our implementation of our 2020 MAP to Growth past the original target completion date of December 31, 2020. Our execution of the 2020 MAP to Growth will continue to drive the de-layering and simplification of management and businesses associated with group realignment. We have implemented four center-led functional areas including manufacturing and operations; procurement and supply chain; information technology; and accounting and finance.

Our 2020 MAP to Growth optimizes our manufacturing facilities and will ultimately provide more efficient plant and distribution facilities. Through the balance sheet date, in association with our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative, we have completed, or are in the process of completing, the planned closure of 19 plants and 24 warehouses. We also expect to incur additional severance and benefit costs as part of our planned closure of these facilities.

Throughout the additional phases of our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative, we will continue to assess and find areas of improvement and cost savings. As such, the final implementation of the aforementioned phases and total expected costs are subject to change. In addition to the announced plan, we have continued to broaden the scope of our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative, specifically in consolidation of the general and administrative areas, potential outsourcing, as well as additional future plant closures and consolidations; the estimated costs of which have not yet been finalized. The current total expected costs associated with this plan are outlined in the table below and increased by approximately $7.5 million compared to our previous estimate, primarily attributable to increases in expected severance and benefit charges of $4.6 million, facility closure and other related costs of $2.5 million and $0.4 million of other asset write-offs.

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Following is a summary of the charges recorded in connection with restructuring by reportable segment:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |  |  | Cumulative Costs |  |  | Total Expected |
(In thousands) |  | February 29, 2020 |  |  | February 29, 2020 |  |  | to Date |  |  | Costs |
Construction Products Group ("CPG") Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (a) |  | $ | 2,018 |  |  | $ | 3,625 |  |  | $ | 14,854 |  |  | $ | 26,155 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 484 |  |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | 4,251 |  |  |  | 8,094 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 232 |  |  |  | 271 |  |  |  | 1,862 |  |  |  | 2,614 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 2,734 |  |  | $ | 5,178 |  |  | $ | 20,967 |  |  | $ | 36,863 |
Performance Coatings Group ("PCG") Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (b) |  | $ | 477 |  |  | $ | 3,408 |  |  | $ | 9,821 |  |  | $ | 14,631 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 762 |  |  |  | 1,507 |  |  |  | 4,981 |  |  |  | 5,920 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 294 |  |  |  | 645 |  |  |  | 645 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | 5,209 |  |  | $ | 15,447 |  |  | $ | 21,196 |
Consumer Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (c) |  | $ | 445 |  |  | $ | 1,992 |  |  | $ | 9,370 |  |  | $ | 12,138 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 563 |  |  |  | 1,423 |  |  |  | 8,115 |  |  |  | 9,615 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 32 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 1,016 |  |  | $ | 3,423 |  |  | $ | 17,517 |  |  | $ | 21,785 |
Specialty Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (d) |  | $ | 643 |  |  | $ | 1,057 |  |  | $ | 6,393 |  |  | $ | 10,434 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 356 |  |  |  | 2,546 |  |  |  | 3,790 |  |  |  | 6,159 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | - |  |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 1,107 |  |  |  | 1,140 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 999 |  |  | $ | 3,707 |  |  | $ | 11,290 |  |  | $ | 17,733 |
Corporate/Other Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (e) |  | $ | 1,233 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | 13,369 |  |  | $ | 13,369 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 1,233 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | 13,369 |  |  | $ | 13,369 |
Consolidated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs |  | $ | 4,816 |  |  | $ | 11,331 |  |  | $ | 53,807 |  |  | $ | 76,727 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 2,165 |  |  |  | 6,758 |  |  |  | 21,137 |  |  |  | 29,788 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 362 |  |  |  | 677 |  |  |  | 3,646 |  |  |  | 4,431 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 7,343 |  |  | $ | 18,766 |  |  | $ | 78,590 |  |  | $ | 110,946 |

(a) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 27 positions and 73 positions during the three and nine months ended February 29, 2020, respectively.

(b) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of one position and 70 positions during the three and nine months ended February 29, 2020, respectively.

(c) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of five positions and 16 positions during the three and nine months ended February 29, 2020, respectively.

(d) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of four positions and 63 positions during the three and nine months ended February 29, 2020, respectively.

(e) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of two positions during the three and nine months ended February 29, 2020, respectively.

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|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
(In thousands) |  | February 28, 2019 |  |  | February 28, 2019 |
CPG Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (f) |  | $ | 1,315 |  |  | $ | 7,308 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 737 |  |  |  | 1,134 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 371 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 2,057 |  |  | $ | 8,813 |
PCG Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (g) |  | $ | 398 |  |  | $ | 5,167 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 2,491 |  |  |  | 3,397 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | (84 | ) |  |  | 276 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 2,805 |  |  | $ | 8,840 |
Consumer Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (h) |  | $ | 374 |  |  | $ | 1,470 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | 935 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 24 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 1,228 |  |  | $ | 2,429 |
Specialty Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (i) |  | $ | 1,308 |  |  | $ | 4,985 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | 344 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 977 |  |  |  | 983 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 2,564 |  |  | $ | 6,312 |
Corporate/Other Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs (j) |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 10,085 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 10,085 |
Consolidated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and benefit costs |  | $ | 3,420 |  |  | $ | 29,015 |
Facility closure and other related costs |  |  | 4,337 |  |  |  | 5,810 |
Other asset write-offs |  |  | 922 |  |  |  | 1,654 |
Total Charges |  | $ | 8,679 |  |  | $ | 36,479 |

(f) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of three positions and 71 positions during the three and nine months ended February 28, 2019, respectively. Additionally, $0.2 million included in the charges incurred during the nine months ended February 28, 2019 are associated with the prior elimination of one position within the legal function during fiscal 2018.

(g) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of one position and 103 positions during the three and nine months ended February 28, 2019, respectively.

(h) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of nine positions and 18 positions during the three and nine months ended February 28, 2019, respectively.

(i) | Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of 10 positions and 130 positions during the three and nine months ended February 28, 2019, respectively.

(j) | Reflects charges related to the severance of two corporate executives, as well as accelerated vesting of equity awards for two corporate executives, four Specialty segment executives and three CPG segment executives in connection with the aforementioned restructuring activities.

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A summary of the activity in the restructuring reserves related to our 2020 MAP to Growth is as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Severance and Benefits Costs |  |  | Facility Closure and Other Related Costs |  |  | Other Asset Write-Offs |  |  | Total |
Balance at November 30, 2019 |  | $ | 3,566 |  |  | $ | 6,080 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 9,646 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 4,816 |  |  |  | 2,165 |  |  |  | 362 |  |  |  | 7,343 |
Cash payments charged against reserve |  |  | (3,182 | ) |  |  | (2,578 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,760 | )
Non-cash charges included above (k) |  |  | (161 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (362 | ) |  |  | (523 | )
Balance at February 29, 2020 |  | $ | 5,039 |  |  | $ | 5,667 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 10,706 |
(In thousands) |  | Severance and Benefits Costs |  |  | Facility Closure and Other Related Costs |  |  | Other Asset Write-Offs |  |  | Total |
Balance at June 1, 2019 |  | $ | 4,837 |  |  | $ | 7,857 |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 12,694 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 11,331 |  |  |  | 6,758 |  |  |  | 677 |  |  |  | 18,766 |
Cash payments charged against reserve |  |  | (10,968 | ) |  |  | (7,928 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (18,896 | )
Non-cash charges included above (k) |  |  | (161 | ) |  |  | (1,020 | ) |  |  | (677 | ) |  |  | (1,858 | )
Balance at February 29, 2020 |  | $ | 5,039 |  |  | $ | 5,667 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 10,706 |
(In thousands) |  | Severance and Benefits Costs |  |  | Facility Closure and Other Related Costs |  |  | Other Asset Write-Offs |  |  | Total |
Balance at November 30, 2018 |  | $ | 10,427 |  |  | $ | 2,535 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 12,962 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 3,420 |  |  |  | 4,337 |  |  |  | 922 |  |  |  | 8,679 |
Cash payments charged against reserve |  |  | (4,975 | ) |  |  | (1,872 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,847 | )
Non-cash charges included above (k) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (922 | ) |  |  | (928 | )
Balance at February 28, 2019 |  | $ | 8,872 |  |  | $ | 4,994 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13,866 |
(In thousands) |  | Severance and Benefits Costs |  |  | Facility Closure and Other Related Costs |  |  | Other Asset Write-Offs |  |  | Total |
Balance at June 1, 2018 |  | $ | 9,957 |  |  | $ | 6,184 |  |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 17,514 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 29,015 |  |  |  | 5,810 |  |  |  | 1,654 |  |  |  | 36,479 |
Cash payments charged against reserve |  |  | (23,563 | ) |  |  | (3,620 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (27,183 | )
Non-cash charges included above (k) |  |  | (6,537 | ) |  |  | (3,380 | ) |  |  | (3,027 | ) |  |  | (12,944 | )
Balance at February 28, 2019 |  | $ | 8,872 |  |  | $ | 4,994 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13,866 |

(k) | Non-cash charges primarily include accelerated vesting of equity awards and asset-write offs.

In connection with our 2020 MAP to Growth, during the three months ended February 29, 2020, we incurred inventory-related charges of approximately $0.2 million at our Consumer segment and $0.1 of inventory-related charges at each of our PCG, CPG and Specialty segments. During the nine months ended February 29, 2020, we incurred $7.4 million, $3.2 million, $0.3 million and $0.1 million of inventory-related charges at our Consumer, PCG, CPG and Specialty segments, respectively. During the three months ended February 28, 2019, we incurred approximately $0.9 million, $0.8 million and $0.2 million of inventory-related charges at our PCG, Consumer and CPG segments, respectively. During the nine months ended February 28, 2019, we incurred $7.5 million, $2.1 million and $0.7 million of inventory-related charges at our PCG, Consumer and CPG segments, respectively. The fiscal 2019 inventory-related charges were partially offset by a favorable adjustment of approximately $0.2 million to the fiscal 2018 inventory write-off at our Consumer segment. All of the aforementioned inventory-related charges are recorded in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Income. These inventory charges were the result of the exit of a business or product line and SKU rationalization initiatives in connection with our overall plan of restructuring.

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NOTE 5 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial instruments recorded in the balance sheet include cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, marketable securities, notes and accounts payable, and debt.

An allowance for anticipated uncollectible trade receivable amounts is established using a combination of specifically identified accounts to be reserved, and a reserve covering trends in collectibility. These estimates are based on an analysis of trends in collectibility and past experience, but are primarily made up of individual account balances identified as doubtful based on specific facts and conditions. Receivable losses are charged against the allowance when we confirm uncollectibility.

All derivative instruments are recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments that do not qualify as hedges and/or any ineffective portion of hedges are recognized as a gain or (loss) in our Consolidated Statements of Income in the current period. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used effectively as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), along with the change in the value of the hedged item. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

The valuation techniques utilized for establishing the fair values of assets and liabilities are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect management’s market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:

Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 Inputs — Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.

The following tables present our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy.

(In thousands) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Fair Value at February 29, 2020 |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and other government |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 25,045 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 25,045 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | - |  |  |  | 445 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 445 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 25,490 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 25,490 |
Trading and other equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stocks - domestic |  |  | 2,789 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,789 |
Mutual funds - foreign |  |  | - |  |  |  | 33,349 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 33,349 |
Mutual funds - domestic |  |  | - |  |  |  | 66,088 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 66,088 |
Total trading and other equity securities |  |  | 2,789 |  |  |  | 99,437 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 102,226 |
Contingent consideration |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (15,648 | ) |  |  | (15,648 | )
Total |  | $ | 2,789 |  |  | $ | 124,927 |  |  | $ | (15,648 | ) |  | $ | 112,068 |

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(In thousands) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Fair Value at May 31, 2019 |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and other government |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 24,547 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 24,547 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | - |  |  |  | 462 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 462 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 25,009 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 25,009 |
Trading and other equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds - foreign |  |  | - |  |  |  | 32,082 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 32,082 |
Mutual funds - domestic |  |  | - |  |  |  | 67,739 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 67,739 |
Total trading and other equity securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 99,821 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 99,821 |
Contingent consideration |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (21,551 | ) |  |  | (21,551 | )
Total |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 124,830 |  |  | $ | (21,551 | ) |  | $ | 103,279 |

Our investments in available-for-sale debt securities and trading and other equity securities are valued using a market approach. The availability of inputs observable in the market varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded and other characteristics particular to the transaction. For most of our financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants, and the valuation does not require significant management discretion. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the market and may require management judgment.

The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with recent acquisitions that is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance milestones. We estimated the fair value using expected future cash flows over the period in which the obligation is expected to be settled, and applied a discount rate that appropriately captures a market participant's view of the risk associated with the obligation, which are considered to be Level 3 inputs. During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, we paid approximately $6.1 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during the current period. During the first nine months of fiscal 2019, we paid approximately $4.7 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during the current period, and recorded an increase in the accrual for approximately $2.7 million and $5.8 million related to fair value adjustments and new acquisitions, respectively. In the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration for the amount recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date are reported in cash flows from financing activities, while payments of contingent consideration in excess of fair value are reported in cash flows from operating activities.

The carrying value of our current financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. At February 29, 2020 and May 31, 2019, the fair value of our long-term debt was estimated using active market quotes, based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which are Level 2 inputs. Based on the analysis performed, the fair value and the carrying value of our financial instruments and long-term debt as of February 29, 2020 and May 31, 2019 are as follows:

|  | At February 29, 2020 |
(In thousands) |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 212,242 |  |  | $ | 212,242 |
Marketable equity securities |  |  | 89,215 |  |  |  | 89,215 |
Marketable debt securities |  |  | 25,490 |  |  |  | 25,490 |
Long-term debt, including current portion |  |  | 2,559,763 |  |  |  | 2,725,297 |
|  | At May 31, 2019 |
(In thousands) |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 223,168 |  |  | $ | 223,168 |
Marketable equity securities |  |  | 87,525 |  |  |  | 87,525 |
Marketable debt securities |  |  | 25,009 |  |  |  | 25,009 |
Long-term debt, including current portion |  |  | 2,525,908 |  |  |  | 2,526,817 |

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NOTE 6 — DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, from time to time, we enter into various derivative transactions. We use various types of derivative instruments including forward contracts and swaps. We formally assess, designate and document, as a hedge of an underlying exposure, each qualifying derivative instrument that will be accounted for as an accounting hedge at inception. Additionally, we assess, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the financial instruments used in the hedging transaction are effective at offsetting changes in either the fair values or cash flows of the underlying exposures.

Derivatives Designated as Hedges

In October 2017, as a means of mitigating the impact of currency fluctuations on our Euro investments in foreign entities, we executed a fair value hedge and two cross currency swaps, in which we will pay variable rate interest in Euros and receive fixed rate interest in U.S. Dollars with a combined notional amount of approximately €85.25 million ($100 million U.S. Dollar equivalent), and which have a maturity date of November 2022. This effectively converts a portion of our U.S. Dollar denominated fixed-rate debt to Euro denominated variable rate debt. The fair value hedge is recognized at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, while changes in the fair value of the hedge are recognized in interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We designated the swaps as net investment hedges of our net investment in our European operations under ASU 2017-12 and applied the spot method to these hedges. In February 2020, the fair value hedge and two cross currency swaps agreements were terminated, and we received cash in the amount of $9.3 million, representing the fair value of the swap and interest accrued through the date of termination. Accordingly, hedge accounting was discontinued and a hedge accounting adjustment to our Senior Notes of $1.5 million was recorded and is being amortized to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations through the termination of the 3.450% Notes in November 2022. Changes in the fair value of the cross currency swaps due to spot foreign exchange rates are recorded as cumulative translation adjustment within AOCI and will remain in AOCI until either the sale or substantially complete liquidation of the hedged subsidiaries.

Separately, in February 2020, as a means of mitigating the impact of currency fluctuations on our Euro investments in foreign entities, we executed a cash flow hedge and two cross currency swaps, in which we will pay fixed rate interest in Euros and receive variable rate interest in U.S. Dollars with a combined notional amount of approximately €277.73 million ($300 million U.S. Dollar equivalent), and which have a maturity date of February 2023. This effectively converts our U.S. Dollar denominated variable rate debt to Euro denominated fixed rate debt. The cash flow hedge is recognized at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, while changes in the fair value of the hedge will be recognized in AOCI when the hedged items affect earnings. Amounts recognized in AOCI will be recognized in earnings in interest expense when the hedged interest payment is accrued. We designated the swaps as net investment hedges of our net investment in our European operations under ASU 2017-12 and applied the spot method to these hedges. The changes in fair value of the derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of net investments in foreign operations are recognized in AOCI to offset the changes in the values of the net investments being hedged. In addition, in February 2020, as a means of mitigating the variability of the functional-currency-equivalent cash flows associated with the U.S. Dollar denominated term loan facility (referred to as Foreign Borrower’s Term Loan), we executed a cash flow hedge, in which we will pay fixed rate interest in Euros and receive variable rate interest in U.S. Dollars with a notional amount of approximately €92.52 million ($100 million U.S. Dollar equivalent), and which have a maturity date of February 2023. This effectively converts our U.S. Dollar denominated variable rate debt to Euro denominated fixed rate debt. The cash flow hedge is recognized at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, while changes in the fair value of the hedge will be recognized in AOCI when the hedged items affect earnings. Amounts recorded in AOCI will be recognized in earnings in interest expense when the hedged interest payment is accrued. In addition, since this currency swap is a hedge of variability of the functional currency equivalent cash flows of a recognized liability to be remeasured at spot exchange rates under ASC 830, an amount that will offset the gain or loss arising from the remeasurement of the hedged liability will be reclassified each period from AOCI to earnings as foreign exchange gain/(loss), which is a component of SG&A expenses.

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The following table summarizes the location and effects of the Company’s derivatives instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Consolidated Statements of Operations for gains or losses initially recognized in AOCI in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:

|  | Pretax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI |  |  |  |  | Pretax gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into income |
(In thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended |
Derivatives in hedging relationships |  | February 29, 2020 |  | February 28, 2019 |  |  | Income Statement Location |  | February 29, 2020 |  | February 28, 2019 |
Interest Rate Swap (Cash Flow) |  | $ | (3,077 | ) | $ | - |  |  | Interest Expense |  | $ | 22 |  | $ | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow) |  |  | (2,355 | ) |  | - |  |  | Interest Expense |  |  | 47 |  |  | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow) |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | Foreign Exchange Gain/(Loss) |  |  | (1,986 | ) |  | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  |  | (3,314 | ) |  | (400 | ) |  | Gain or (loss) on sale of subsidiary |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | (8,746 | ) | $ | (400 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (1,917 | ) | $ | - |
|  | Pretax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI |  |  |  |  | Pretax gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into income |
(In thousands) |  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
Derivatives in hedging relationships |  | February 29, 2020 |  | February 28, 2019 |  |  | Income Statement Location |  | February 29, 2020 |  | February 28, 2019 |
Interest Rate Swap (Cash Flow) |  | $ | (3,077 | ) | $ | - |  |  | Interest Expense |  | $ | 22 |  | $ | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow) |  |  | (2,355 | ) |  | - |  |  | Interest Expense |  |  | 47 |  |  | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow) |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | Foreign Exchange Gain/(Loss) |  |  | (1,986 | ) |  | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  |  | (1,845 | ) |  | 3,336 |  |  | Gain or (loss) on sale of subsidiary |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | (7,277 | ) | $ | 3,336 |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,917 | ) | $ | - |

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges

At February 29, 2020, and May 31, 2019, we held one foreign currency forward contract at each period end designed to reduce our exposure to changes in the cash flows of intercompany foreign-currency-denominated loans related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates by fixing the functional currency cash flows. The contract has not been designated as a hedge; therefore, the changes in fair value of the derivative are recognized in earnings as a component of SG&A expenses. Amounts recognized in earnings did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented. As of February 29, 2020 and May 31, 2019, the notional amounts of the forward contract held to purchase foreign currencies was $59.1 million and $38.7 million, respectively.

Disclosure about Derivative Instruments

All of our derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. We determine the fair value of our derivatives based on valuation methods, which project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to present value using market based observable inputs, including interest rate curves, foreign currency rates, as well as future and basis point spreads, as applicable.

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The fair values of qualifying and non-qualifying instruments used in hedging transactions as of February 29, 2020 and May 31, 2019 are as follows:

(In thousands) |  |  |  | Fair Value |
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | February 29, 2020 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Swap (Fair Value) |  | Other Current Assets |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 513 |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  | Other Current Assets |  |  | 5,592 |  |  |  | 2,482 |
Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow) |  | Other Current Assets |  |  | 1,562 |  |  |  | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  | Other Assets (Long-Term) |  |  | 4,773 |  |  |  | 6,163 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Swap (Fair Value) |  | Other Accrued Liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 230 |
Interest Rate Swap (Cash Flow) |  | Other Accrued Liabilities |  |  | 578 |  |  |  | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  | Other Accrued Liabilities |  |  | 504 |  |  |  | - |
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment) |  | Other Long-Term Liabilities |  |  | 14,558 |  |  |  | 4,276 |
Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow) |  | Other Long-Term Liabilities |  |  | 3,990 |  |  |  | - |
Interest Rate Swap (Cash Flow) |  | Other Long-Term Liabilities |  |  | 2,522 |  |  |  | - |

(In thousands) |  |  |  | Fair Value |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | February 29, 2020 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Currency Exchange |  | Other Current Assets |  | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | 51 |

NOTE 7 — INVESTMENT (INCOME) EXPENSE, NET

Investment (income) expense, net, consists of the following components:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
(In thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Interest (income) |  | $ | (1,292 | ) |  | $ | (1,076 | ) |  | $ | (4,068 | ) |  | $ | (2,808 | )
Net (gain) loss on marketable securities |  |  | 6,918 |  |  |  | (1,683 | ) |  |  | (3,562 | ) |  |  | 6,451 |
Dividend (income) |  |  | (1,790 | ) |  |  | (1,967 | ) |  |  | (2,724 | ) |  |  | (3,769 | )
Investment (income) expense, net |  | $ | 3,836 |  |  | $ | (4,726 | ) |  | $ | (10,354 | ) |  | $ | (126 | )

Net (Gain) Loss on Marketable Securities

Of the $6.9 million in net losses on marketable securities recognized during the third quarter of fiscal 2020, approximately $6.6 million related to unrealized losses on marketable equity securities and approximately $1.5 million was related to unrealized losses on trading securities. Additionally, of the $3.6 million in net gains on marketable securities recognized during the first nine months of fiscal 2020, approximately $2.3 million related to unrealized gains on marketable equity securities and $0.1 million in unrealized gains on trading securities.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we recognized gross realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities of $0.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively. Also during the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we recognized gross realized gains on sales of trading securities of $0.2 million and unrealized losses on trading securities of $0.1 million. For the first nine months of fiscal 2019, we recognized realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities of $0.3 million and $3.4 million, respectively, realized gains on trading securities of $0.2 million and unrealized losses on trading securities of $0.7 million. During the three and nine-month periods ended February 28, 2019, we recognized unrealized gains of $3.7 million and unrealized losses of $2.9 million marketable equity securities.

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NOTE 8 — OTHER EXPENSE, NET

Other expense, net, consists of the following components:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
(In thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Royalty (income) expense, net |  | $ | (61 | ) |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | (155 | ) |  | $ | 154 |
(Income) related to unconsolidated equity affiliates |  |  | (150 | ) |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | (299 | )
Pension non-service costs |  |  | 1,510 |  |  |  | 372 |  |  |  | 4,489 |  |  |  | 1,146 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt (a) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,051 |
Loss on divestiture (b) |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 949 |  |  |  | - |
Other expense, net |  | $ | 1,422 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 5,158 |  |  | $ | 4,052 |

(a) | In connection with the redemption of all our outstanding 2.25% convertible senior notes in November 2018, we recognized a loss of $3.1 million, due to the fair value measurement of the instrument on the date of conversion.

(b) | Reflects the loss incurred upon divestiture of a contracting business located in Australia, which had reported through our PCG segment.

NOTE 9 — INCOME TAXES

The effective income tax rate of 25.9% for the three months ended February 29, 2020 compares to the effective income tax benefit rate of 224.7% for the three months ended February 28, 2019. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended February 29, 2020 reflects variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and an increase in valuation allowances related to foreign net operating losses. Additionally, during the quarter, we recorded a net favorable discrete tax adjustment totaling $0.3 million. The net favorable discrete tax adjustment is comprised of a $10.9 million charge for an increase to our deferred income tax liability for withholding taxes on additional unremitted foreign earnings not considered permanently reinvested which was offset primarily by tax benefits associated with equity compensation, favorable adjustments related to foreign tax credits, and favorable adjustments related to the global intangible low-tax provisions, resulting from final Treasury Regulations issued during this quarter, and as reported on our 2019 U.S. federal income tax return.

The effective income tax benefit rate of 224.7% for the three months ended February 28, 2019 reflects variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the favorable impact of $12.7 million of net discrete tax benefits recorded during the quarter and the amplified impact of those tax benefits on the relatively low level of pre-tax earnings. The $12.7 million net discrete benefits recorded are primarily comprised of the net $8.1 million benefit resulting from completion of our SAB 118 accounting for the impact of the Tax Act, and the release of certain income tax reserves for uncertain tax positions.

The effective income tax rate of 24.9% for the nine months ended February 29, 2020 compares to the effective income tax rate of 17.8% for the nine months ended February 28, 2019. The effective income tax rate for nine months ended February 29, 2020 reflects variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes, an increase in valuation allowances related to foreign net operating losses and tax benefits associated with equity compensation.

The effective income tax rate of 17.8% for the nine months ended February 28, 2019 reflects variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to $16.5 million of net discrete tax benefits, which includes the $12.7 million net tax benefit described above with the remaining balance being recorded in the prior quarters of fiscal 2019. These discrete tax benefits were partially offset primarily by the unfavorable impact of state and local taxes and incremental valuation allowances associated with certain foreign net operating losses.

Our deferred tax liability for unremitted foreign earnings was $29.7 million as of February 29, 2020, which represents our estimate of the foreign tax cost associated with the deemed remittance of $631.9 million of foreign earnings that are not considered to be permanently reinvested. We have not provided for foreign withholding or income taxes on the remaining foreign subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings because such earnings have been retained and reinvested by the subsidiaries as of February 29, 2020. Accordingly, no provision has been made for foreign withholding or income taxes, which may become payable if the remaining undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries were remitted to us as dividends.

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NOTE 10 — INVENTORIES

Inventories, net of reserves, were composed of the following major classes:

(In thousands) |  | February 29, 2020 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |
Raw material and supplies |  | $ | 295,614 |  |  | $ | 296,493 |
Finished goods |  |  | 618,583 |  |  |  | 545,380 |
Total Inventory, Net of Reserves |  | $ | 914,197 |  |  | $ | 841,873 |

NOTE 11 — STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM

On January 8, 2008, we announced our authorization of a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of RPM International Inc. common stock at management’s discretion for general corporate purposes. As announced on November 28, 2018, our goal is to return $1.0 billion in capital to stockholders by May 31, 2021 through share repurchases. On April 16, 2019, after taking into account share repurchases under our existing stock repurchase program to date, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of the remaining $600.0 million in value of RPM International Inc. common stock by May 31, 2021. As a result, we may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in private transactions at various times and in amounts and for prices that our management deems appropriate, subject to insider trading rules and other securities law restrictions. The timing of our purchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, alternative uses of capital and other factors. We may limit or terminate the repurchase program at any time. During the three months ended February 29, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under this program. During the three months ended February 28, 2019, we repurchased 1,570,647 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $91.2 million, or an average cost of $58.08 per share, under this program. During the nine months ended February 29, 2020, we repurchased 1,655,616 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $100.0 million, or an average cost of $60.40 per share, under this program. During the nine months ended February 28, 2019, we repurchased 2,819,045 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $173.2 million, or an average cost of $61.45 per share, under this program.

See Note 19, “Subsequent Events” for an update on additional repurchases and a decision to suspend our share buyback program.

NOTE 12 — EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three- and nine-month periods ended February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Numerator for earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders |  | $ | 11,853 |  |  | $ | 14,190 |  |  | $ | 195,072 |  |  | $ | 133,178 |
Less: Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | (109 | ) |  |  | (1,199 | ) |  |  | (996 | )
Net income available to common shareholders - basic |  |  | 11,853 |  |  |  | 14,081 |  |  |  | 193,873 |  |  |  | 132,182 |
Add: Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 996 |
Net income available to common shareholders - diluted |  | $ | 11,853 |  |  | $ | 14,190 |  |  | $ | 193,875 |  |  | $ | 133,178 |
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average common shares |  |  | 128,426 |  |  |  | 130,105 |  |  |  | 128,572 |  |  |  | 131,019 |
Average diluted options and awards |  |  | 1,602 |  |  |  | 1,784 |  |  |  | 666 |  |  |  | 1,810 |
Total shares for diluted earnings per share (1) |  |  | 130,028 |  |  |  | 131,889 |  |  |  | 129,238 |  |  |  | 132,829 |
Earnings Per Share of Common Stock Attributable to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
RPM International Inc. Stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings Per Share of Common Stock |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 1.51 |  |  | $ | 1.01 |
Method used to calculate basic earnings per share |  | Treasury |  |  | Two-class |  |  | Two-class |  |  | Two-class |
Diluted Earnings Per Share of Common Stock |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 1.50 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |
Method used to calculate diluted earnings per share |  | Treasury |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Two-class |  |  | Treasury |

(1) | There were no shares of restricted stock identified as being anti-dilutive for the three or nine months ended February 29, 2020. Restricted shares totaling 429,750 and 323,000 for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2019, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no Stock

21

| appreciation rights (“SARs”) identified as being anti-dilutive for the three or nine months ended February 29, 2020. SARs totaling 890,000 for the three and nine m onths ended February 28, 2019, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

NOTE 13—LEASES

We have leases for manufacturing facilities, warehouses, office facilities, equipment, and vehicles, which are primarily classified and accounted for as operating leases. We have a small portfolio of finance leases, which are not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Some leases include one or more options to renew, generally at our sole discretion, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to five years or more. In addition, certain leases contain termination options, where the rights to terminate are held by either us, the lessor, or both parties. These options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the lease terms when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We have made an accounting policy election not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less, with no purchase option that we are reasonably certain to exercise. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the fixed and in-substance fixed lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The ROU assets also include any initial direct costs incurred and lease payments made at or before the commencement date and are reduced by lease incentives. We use our incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate to determine the present value of the lease payments for leases, as our leases do not have readily determinable implicit discount rates. Our incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that we would have to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount in a similar economic environment. We determine the incremental borrowing rates for our leases by adjusting the local risk-free interest rate with a credit risk premium corresponding to our credit rating.

Operating lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease cost is recognized as a combination of the amortization expense for the ROU assets and interest expense for the outstanding lease liabilities using the discount rate discussed above. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Certain vendors have the right to declare that we are in default of our agreements if any such vendor, including the lessors under its vehicle leases, determines that a change in our financial condition poses a substantially increased credit risk. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Income from subleases was not significant for any period presented.

During the three months ended February 29, 2020, we incurred lease costs of $20.3 million, which is primarily comprised of operating lease cost of $18.2 million and other costs of $2.1 million which include costs for our finance leases, short-term leases, and variable lease payments.

During the nine months ended February 29, 2020, we incurred lease costs of $62.5 million, which is primarily comprised of operating lease costs of $54.1 million and other costs of $8.4 million, which include costs for our finance leases, short-term leases and variable lease payments.

For the three and nine months ended February 29, 2020, we paid approximately $17.1 million and $51.1 million, respectively, for operating lease obligations. These payments are included in operating cash flows. In addition, during the nine months ended February 29, 2020, we recognized ROU assets for $54.8 million in exchange for new operating lease obligations. At February 29, 2020, the weighted-average remaining lease term under our operating leases was 9.4 years, while the weighted-average discount rate for our operating leases was approximately 3.7%.

The following represents our future undiscounted cash flows for each of the next five years and thereafter and reconciliation to the lease liabilities, as of February 29, 2020:

(In thousands) |  |  |  |
Year ending May 31, |  | Operating Leases |
2020 (excluding the nine months ended February 29) |  | $ | 16,157 |
2021 |  |  | 58,231 |
2022 |  |  | 47,303 |
2023 |  |  | 36,535 |
2024 |  |  | 30,324 |
Thereafter |  |  | 175,896 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 364,446 |
Less imputed interest |  |  | 65,666 |
Total present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 298,780 |

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As of February 29, 2020, our current lease liability balance was $51.1 million and recorded within Other Accrued Liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Following is a summary of our future minimum lease commitments, as determined under ASC 840, for all non-cancelable lease agreements, for each of the next five years and in the aggregate, as of May 31, 2019:

(In thousands) |  |  |  |
Year ending May 31, |  | Operating Leases |
2020 |  | $ | 59,163 |
2021 |  |  | 49,731 |
2022 |  |  | 40,339 |
2023 |  |  | 32,798 |
2024 |  |  | 27,716 |
Thereafter |  |  | 119,607 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 329,354 |

Related party leases and subleases were not significant during any period presented, and therefore are not disclosed. Further, we do not have leases that have not yet commenced, which would create significant rights and obligations for us, including any involvement with the construction or design of the underlying asset.

NOTE 14 — PENSION PLANS

We offer defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans, and various postretirement benefit plans. The following tables provide the retirement-related benefit plans’ impact on income before income taxes for the three and nine months ended February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019:

|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Three Months Ended |
(In thousands) |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
Pension Benefits |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Service cost |  | $ | 9,856 |  |  | $ | 9,382 |  |  | $ | 1,391 |  |  | $ | 1,219 |
Interest cost |  |  | 5,104 |  |  |  | 5,497 |  |  |  | 1,193 |  |  |  | 1,399 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (8,573 | ) |  |  | (8,467 | ) |  |  | (1,834 | ) |  |  | (2,051 | )
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost (credit) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (8 | )
Net actuarial losses recognized |  |  | 4,629 |  |  |  | 3,272 |  |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | 319 |
Net Periodic Benefit Cost |  | $ | 11,018 |  |  | $ | 9,713 |  |  | $ | 1,264 |  |  | $ | 878 |

|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Three Months Ended |
(In thousands) |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
Postretirement Benefits |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Service cost |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | $ | 392 |
Interest cost |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 291 |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service (credit) |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Net actuarial (gains) losses recognized |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 115 |
Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost |  | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | 869 |  |  | $ | 798 |

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|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
(In thousands) |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
Pension Benefits |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Service cost |  | $ | 29,568 |  |  | $ | 28,146 |  |  | $ | 4,173 |  |  | $ | 3,657 |
Interest cost |  |  | 15,312 |  |  |  | 16,491 |  |  |  | 3,579 |  |  |  | 4,197 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (25,719 | ) |  |  | (25,401 | ) |  |  | (5,502 | ) |  |  | (6,153 | )
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost (credit) |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | (24 | )
Net actuarial losses recognized |  |  | 13,887 |  |  |  | 9,816 |  |  |  | 1,569 |  |  |  | 957 |
Net Periodic Benefit Cost |  | $ | 33,054 |  |  | $ | 29,139 |  |  | $ | 3,792 |  |  | $ | 2,634 |

|  | U.S. Plans |  |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
(In thousands) |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
Postretirement Benefits |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Service cost |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | 1,176 |
Interest cost |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | 846 |  |  |  | 873 |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service (credit) |  |  | (165 | ) |  |  | (165 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Net actuarial (gains) losses recognized |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | 474 |  |  |  | 345 |
Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost |  | $ | (102 | ) |  | $ | (39 | ) |  | $ | 2,607 |  |  | $ | 2,394 |

Due to slightly lower discount rates, net periodic pension and postretirement cost for fiscal 2020 is higher than our fiscal 2019 expense. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, but such changes are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial results. We previously disclosed in our financial statements for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 that we expected to contribute approximately $0.9 million to our retirement plans in the U.S. and approximately $6.4 million to plans outside the U.S. during the current fiscal year. However, during February 2020, we contributed an additional $51.5 million to the pension plans in the U.S., which will increase our total expected U.S. contributions in the fiscal year to $52.4 million.

NOTE 15 — CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER ACCRUED LOSSES

We provide, through our wholly owned insurance subsidiaries, certain insurance coverage, primarily product liability coverage, to our other subsidiaries. Excess coverage is provided by third-party insurers. Our product liability accruals provide for these potential losses as well as other uninsured claims. Product liability accruals are established based upon actuarial calculations of potential liability using industry experience, actual historical experience and actuarial assumptions developed for similar types of product liability claims, including development factors and lag times. To the extent there is a reasonable possibility that potential losses could exceed the amounts already accrued, we believe that the amount of any such additional loss would be immaterial to our results of operations, liquidity and consolidated financial position.

We also offer warranties on many of our products, as well as long-term warranty programs at certain of our businesses, and have established product warranty liabilities. We review these liabilities for adequacy on a quarterly basis and adjust them as necessary. The primary factors that could affect these liabilities may include changes in performance rates as well as costs of replacement. Provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time of sale and periodically adjusted, as required, to reflect actual experience. It is probable that we will incur future losses related to warranty claims we have received but that have not been fully investigated and related to claims not yet received. While our warranty liabilities represent our best estimates at February 29, 2020, we can provide no assurances that we will not experience material claims in the future or that we will not incur significant costs to resolve such claims beyond the amounts accrued or beyond what we may recover from our suppliers. Based upon the nature of the expense, product warranty expense is recorded as a component of cost of sales or within SG&A.

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Also, due to the nature of our businesses, the amount of claims paid can fluctuate from one period to the next. While our warranty liabilities represent our best estimates of our expected losses at any given time, from time-to-time we may revise our estimates based on our experience relating to factors such as weather conditions, specific circumstances surrounding product installations and other factors.

The following table includes the changes in our accrued warranty balances:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
(In thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Beginning Balance |  | $ | 10,555 |  |  | $ | 9,863 |  |  | $ | 10,414 |  |  | $ | 11,721 |
Deductions (1) |  |  | (4,622 | ) |  |  | (4,283 | ) |  |  | (16,002 | ) |  |  | (17,557 | )
Provision charged to expense |  |  | 4,804 |  |  |  | 4,091 |  |  |  | 16,325 |  |  |  | 15,507 |
Ending Balance |  | $ | 10,737 |  |  | $ | 9,671 |  |  | $ | 10,737 |  |  | $ | 9,671 |

(1) | Primarily claims paid during the year.

In addition, like other companies participating in similar lines of business, some of our subsidiaries are involved in several proceedings relating to environmental matters. It is our policy to accrue remediation costs when it is probable that such efforts will be required and the related costs can be reasonably estimated. In general, our environmental accruals are undiscounted liabilities, which are exclusive of claims against third parties, and are not material to our financial statements during any of the periods presented.

Carboline Company previously was identified as a potentially responsible party in connection with a matter filed on behalf of the U.S. EPA claiming that Carboline Company, among other potentially responsible parties, violated Section 107 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) and seeking reimbursement for response costs incurred in connection with the release or threatened release of hazardous substances at the Lammers Barrel Superfund Site in Beavercreek, Ohio. During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, Carboline Company agreed in principle to settle this matter for $1.3 million, which amount is subject to final approval and court entry of the proposed consent decree relating to this matter.

We were notified by the SEC on June 24, 2014, that we are the subject of a formal investigation pertaining to the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves in fiscal 2013 with respect to the previously disclosed U.S. Department Of Justice (the “DOJ”) and the U.S. General Services Administration (the “GSA”) Office of Inspector General investigation into compliance issues relating to Tremco Roofing Division’s GSA contracts. As previously disclosed, our Audit Committee completed an investigation into the facts and circumstances surrounding the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves with respect to the GSA and DOJ investigation, and determined that it was appropriate to restate our financial results for the first, second and third quarters of fiscal 2013. These restatements had no impact on our audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2013 or 2014. The Audit Committee’s investigation concluded that there was no intentional misconduct on the part of any of our officers.

In connection with the foregoing, on September 9, 2016, the SEC filed an enforcement action in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against us and our General Counsel. We have cooperated with the SEC’s investigation and believe the allegations in the complaint mischaracterize both our and our General Counsel’s actions in connection with the matters related to our quarterly results in fiscal 2013 and are without merit. The complaint seeks disgorgement of gains that may have resulted from the conduct alleged in the complaint, and payment of unspecified monetary penalties from us and our General Counsel pursuant to Section 20(d) of the Securities Act and Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act. Further, the complaint seeks to permanently enjoin us from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act, Sections 13(a), 13(b)(2)(A) and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act, and Exchange Act Rules 12b-20, 13a-1, 13a-11 and 13a-13, and to permanently enjoin our General Counsel from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act and Exchange Act Rules 13b2-1 and 13b2-2(a). Both we and our General Counsel filed motions to dismiss the complaint on February 24, 2017. Those motions to dismiss the complaint were denied by the Court on September 29, 2017. We and our General Counsel filed answers to the complaint on October 16, 2017. Formal discovery commenced in January 2018 and closed as of June 3, 2019, other than one remaining discovery dispute. The parties engaged in written discovery, and several fact witnesses were deposed. The dispositive motion briefing schedule was vacated by the Court on July 2, 2019, due to the remaining discovery dispute, and will be reset once this dispute is fully resolved. We intend to continue to contest the allegations in the complaint vigorously.

Also in connection with the foregoing, a stockholder derivative action was filed in the United States District Court, Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, against certain of our directors and officers. The court has stayed this stockholder derivative action pending the completion of the SEC enforcement action.

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The action by the SEC could result in sanctions against us and/or our General Counsel and could impose substantial additional costs and distractions, regardless of its outcome. We have determined that it is probable that we will incur a loss relating to this matter and have estimated a range of potential loss. We have accrued at the low end of the range of loss, as no amount within the range is more likely to occur, and no amount within the estimated range of loss would have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

NOTE 16 – REVENUE

We operate a portfolio of businesses and product lines that manufacture and sell a variety of specialty paints, protective coatings and roofing systems, sealants and adhesives. We disaggregate revenues from the sales of our products and services based upon geographical location by each of our reportable segments, which are aligned by similar economic factors, trends and customers, which best depict the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. See Note 17, “Segment Information,” for further details regarding our disaggregated revenues as well as a description of each of the unique revenue streams related to each of our four reportable segments.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. The majority of our revenue is recognized at a point in time. However, we also record revenues generated under construction contracts, mainly in connection with the installation of specialized roofing and flooring systems and related services. For certain polymer flooring installation projects, we account for our revenue using the output method, as we consider square footage of completed flooring to be the best measure of progress toward the complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. In contrast, for certain of our roofing installation projects, we account for our revenue using the input method, as that method was the best measure of performance as it considers costs incurred in relation to total expected project costs, which essentially represents the transfer of control for roofing systems to the customer. In general, for our construction contracts, we record contract revenues and related costs as our contracts progress on an over-time model.

We have elected to apply the practical expedient to recognize revenue net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although our customers’ payment terms generally include a requirement to pay within 30 to 60 days of fulfilling our performance obligations. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined that our contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. We have elected to apply the practical expedient to treat all shipping and handling costs as fulfillment costs as a significant portion of these costs are incurred prior to control transfer.

Significant Judgments

Our contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and/or services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For example, judgment is required to determine whether products sold in connection with the sale of installation services are considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with installation services and recognized over time.

We provide customer rebate programs and incentive offerings, including special pricing and co-operative advertising arrangements, promotions and other volume-based incentives. These customer programs and incentives are considered variable consideration. We include in revenue variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the variable consideration is resolved. In general, this determination is made based upon known customer program and incentive offerings at the time of sale, and expected sales volume forecasts as it relates to our volume-based incentives. This determination is updated each reporting period. Certain of our contracts include contingent consideration that is receivable only upon the final inspection and acceptance of a project. We include estimates of such variable consideration in our transaction price. Based on historical experience, we consider the probability-based expected value method appropriate to estimate the amount of such variable consideration.

Our products are generally sold with a right of return and we may provide other credits or incentives, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. Returns and credits are estimated at contract inception and updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. We record a right of return liability to accrue for expected customer returns. Historical actual returns are used to estimate future returns as a percentage of current sales. Obligations for returns and refunds were not material individually or in the aggregate.

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We offer assurance type warranties on our products as well as separately sold warranty contracts. Revenue related to warranty contracts that are sold separately is recognized over the life of the warranty term. Warranty liabilities for our assurance type warranties are discussed further in Note 1 5, “Contingencies and Other Accrued Losses.”

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing customers. Our contract assets are recorded for products and services that have been provided to our customer but have not yet been billed, and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Our short-term contract liabilities consist of advance payments, or deferred revenue, and are included in other accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

Accounts receivable, net of allowances, and net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:

(In thousands, except percents) |  | February 29, 2020 |  |  | November 30, 2019 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Accounts receivable, less allowance |  | $ | 948,351 |  |  | $ | 1,047,813 |  |  | $ | (99,462 | ) |  |  | -9.5 | %
Contract assets |  | $ | 16,143 |  |  | $ | 18,959 |  |  | $ | (2,816 | ) |  |  | -14.9 | %
Contract liabilities - short-term |  |  | (23,605 | ) |  |  | (25,205 | ) |  |  | 1,600 |  |  |  | -6.3 | %
Net Contract Liabilities |  | $ | (7,462 | ) |  | $ | (6,246 | ) |  | $ | (1,216 | ) |  |  | 19.5 | %
(In thousands, except percents) |  | February 29, 2020 |  |  | May 31, 2019 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Accounts receivable, less allowance |  | $ | 948,351 |  |  | $ | 1,232,350 |  |  | $ | (283,999 | ) |  |  | -23.0 | %
Contract assets |  | $ | 16,143 |  |  | $ | 21,628 |  |  | $ | (5,485 | ) |  |  | -25.4 | %
Contract liabilities - short-term |  |  | (23,605 | ) |  |  | (25,896 | ) |  |  | 2,291 |  |  |  | -8.8 | %
Net Contract Liabilities |  | $ | (7,462 | ) |  | $ | (4,268 | ) |  | $ | (3,194 | ) |  |  | 74.8 | %

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. The $1.2 million change in our net contract liabilities from November 30, 2019 to February 29, 2020 and the $3.2 million change in our net contract liabilities from May 31, 2019 to February 29, 2020 resulted primarily from the seasonality and timing associated with our construction jobs in progress during peak summer and fall months versus the slower winter months. We also record long-term deferred revenue, which amounted to $67.3 million, $67.1 million and $66.5 million as of February 29, 2020, November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively. The long-term portion of deferred revenue is related to warranty contracts and is included in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

We have elected to adopt the practical expedient to not disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period for performance obligations that are part of a contract with an original expected duration of one year or less.

We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. As our contract terms are primarily one year or less in duration, we have elected to apply a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs include our internal sales force compensation program and certain incentive programs as we have determined annual compensation is commensurate with annual sales activities.

NOTE 17 — SEGMENT INFORMATION

Effective June 1, 2019, we realigned certain businesses and management structure to recognize how we allocate resources and analyze the operating performance of our businesses. Among other things, the realignment of certain businesses occurred as a result of the 2020 MAP to Growth that was approved and initiated between May and August 2018. As we began to execute on our operating improvement initiatives, we identified ways to realign certain businesses, and concluded that moving to an expanded reporting structure could help us to better manage our assets and improve synergies across the enterprise.

This realignment changed our reportable segments beginning with our first quarter of fiscal 2020. As such we now report under four reportable segments instead of our three previous reportable segments. Our four reporting segments are: the CPG reportable segment, PCG reportable segment, Consumer reportable segment and Specialty reportable segment. In connection with the realignment, we

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shifted our Kirker business out of Consumer in to Specialty, and also shifted our Dryvit and Nudura businesses out of Specialty into CPG. The newly formed CPG a lso include s our Tremco, T remco i llbruck, Euclid Chemical, Viapol, Vandex and Flowcrete businesses. PCG include s Stonhard, Carboline, USL and Fibergrate businesses, while Consumer comprise s the Rust-Oleum and DAP businesses.

We operate a portfolio of businesses and product lines that manufacture and sell a variety of specialty paints, protective coatings and roofing systems, sealants and adhesives. We manage our portfolio by organizing our businesses and product lines into four reportable segments as outlined above, which also represent our operating segments. Within each operating segment, we manage product lines and businesses which generally address common markets, share similar economic characteristics, utilize similar technologies and can share manufacturing or distribution capabilities. Our four operating segments represent components of our business for which separate financial information is available that is utilized on a regular basis by our chief operating decision maker in determining how to allocate the assets of the company and evaluate performance. These four operating segments are each managed by an operating segment manager, who is responsible for the day-to-day operating decisions and performance evaluation of the operating segment’s underlying businesses. We evaluate the profit performance of our segments primarily based on income before income taxes, but also look to earnings (loss) before interest and taxes (“EBIT”), and/or adjusted EBIT, as a performance evaluation measure because interest expense is essentially related to acquisitions, as opposed to segment operations.

Our CPG reportable segment products are sold throughout North America and also account for the majority of our international sales. Our construction product lines are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. Products and services within this reportable segment include construction sealants and adhesives, coatings and chemicals, roofing systems, concrete admixture and repair products, building envelope solutions, insulated cladding, flooring systems, and weatherproofing solutions.

Our PCG reportable segment products are sold throughout North America, as well as internationally, and are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. Products and services within this reportable segment include high-performance flooring solutions, corrosion control and fireproofing coatings, infrastructure repair systems, fiberglass reinforced plastic gratings and drainage systems.

Our Consumer reportable segment manufactures and markets professional use and do-it-yourself (“DIY”) products for a variety of mainly consumer applications, including home improvement and personal leisure activities. Our Consumer segment’s major manufacturing and distribution operations are located primarily in North America, along with a few locations in Europe and other parts of the world. Our consumer reportable segment products are primarily sold directly to mass merchandisers, home improvement centers, hardware stores, paint stores, craft shops and through distributors. The Consumer reportable segment offers products that include specialty, hobby and professional paints; caulks; adhesives; silicone sealants and wood stains.

Our Specialty reportable segment products are sold throughout North America and a few international locations, primarily in Europe. Our specialty product lines are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. The Specialty reportable segment offers products that include industrial cleaners, restoration services equipment, colorants, nail enamels, exterior finishes, edible coatings and specialty glazes for pharmaceutical and food industries, and other specialty original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) coatings.

In addition to our four reportable segments, there is a category of certain business activities and expenses, referred to as corporate/other, that does not constitute an operating segment. This category includes our corporate headquarters and related administrative expenses, results of our captive insurance companies, gains or losses on the sales of certain assets and other expenses not directly associated with any reportable segment. Assets related to the corporate/other category consist primarily of investments, prepaid expenses and headquarters’ property and equipment. These corporate and other assets and expenses reconcile reportable segment data to total consolidated income before income taxes and identifiable assets.

We reflect income from our joint ventures on the equity method, and receive royalties from our licensees.

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The following tables present a disaggregation of revenues by geography, and reflect the results of our reportable segments consistent with our management philosophy, by representing the information we utilize, in conjunction with various strategic, operational and other financial performance criteria, in evaluating the performance of our portfolio of businesses. Information for all periods presented has been recast to reflect the current year change in reportable segments.

Three Months Ended February 29, 2020 |  | CPG Segment |  |  | PCG Segment |  |  | Consumer Segment |  |  | Specialty Segment |  |  | Consolidated |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales (based on shipping location) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 190,741 |  |  | $ | 151,012 |  |  | $ | 319,838 |  |  | $ | 119,526 |  |  | $ | 781,117 |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  |  | 25,978 |  |  |  | 17,064 |  |  |  | 21,280 |  |  |  | 2,041 |  |  |  | 66,363 |
Europe |  |  | 95,207 |  |  |  | 61,191 |  |  |  | 42,569 |  |  |  | 18,685 |  |  |  | 217,652 |
Latin America |  |  | 38,803 |  |  |  | 8,946 |  |  |  | 6,987 |  |  |  | 397 |  |  |  | 55,133 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 18,390 |  |  |  | 5,705 |  |  |  | 6,159 |  |  |  | 6,816 |  |  |  | 37,070 |
Other Foreign |  |  | 2,963 |  |  |  | 11,768 |  |  |  | 1,910 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 16,641 |
Total Foreign |  |  | 181,341 |  |  |  | 104,674 |  |  |  | 78,905 |  |  |  | 27,939 |  |  |  | 392,859 |
Total |  | $ | 372,082 |  |  | $ | 255,686 |  |  | $ | 398,743 |  |  | $ | 147,465 |  |  | $ | 1,173,976 |
Three Months Ended February 28, 2019 |  | CPG Segment |  |  | PCG Segment |  |  | Consumer Segment |  |  | Specialty Segment |  |  | Consolidated |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales (based on shipping location) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 170,959 |  |  | $ | 147,553 |  |  | $ | 298,022 |  |  | $ | 124,273 |  |  | $ | 740,807 |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  |  | 28,484 |  |  |  | 18,210 |  |  |  | 21,404 |  |  |  | 1,895 |  |  |  | 69,993 |
Europe |  |  | 100,022 |  |  |  | 57,014 |  |  |  | 43,367 |  |  |  | 19,298 |  |  |  | 219,701 |
Latin America |  |  | 35,735 |  |  |  | 8,685 |  |  |  | 6,781 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 51,507 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 20,087 |  |  |  | 8,328 |  |  |  | 6,903 |  |  |  | 7,988 |  |  |  | 43,306 |
Other Foreign |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 13,435 |  |  |  | 1,836 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 15,316 |
Total Foreign |  |  | 184,373 |  |  |  | 105,672 |  |  |  | 80,291 |  |  |  | 29,487 |  |  |  | 399,823 |
Total |  | $ | 355,332 |  |  | $ | 253,225 |  |  | $ | 378,313 |  |  | $ | 153,760 |  |  | $ | 1,140,630 |
Nine Months Ended February 29, 2020 |  | CPG Segment |  |  | PCG Segment |  |  | Consumer Segment |  |  | Specialty Segment |  |  | Consolidated |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales (based on shipping location) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 769,308 |  |  | $ | 506,664 |  |  | $ | 1,059,568 |  |  | $ | 375,817 |  |  | $ | 2,711,357 |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  |  | 122,620 |  |  |  | 57,345 |  |  |  | 80,860 |  |  |  | 6,824 |  |  |  | 267,649 |
Europe |  |  | 327,057 |  |  |  | 195,650 |  |  |  | 142,319 |  |  |  | 60,470 |  |  |  | 725,496 |
Latin America |  |  | 124,734 |  |  |  | 26,230 |  |  |  | 20,629 |  |  |  | 1,177 |  |  |  | 172,770 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 58,254 |  |  |  | 19,799 |  |  |  | 19,214 |  |  |  | 21,435 |  |  |  | 118,702 |
Other Foreign |  |  | 5,724 |  |  |  | 39,951 |  |  |  | 6,384 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 52,059 |
Total Foreign |  |  | 638,389 |  |  |  | 338,975 |  |  |  | 269,406 |  |  |  | 89,906 |  |  |  | 1,336,676 |
Total |  | $ | 1,407,697 |  |  | $ | 845,639 |  |  | $ | 1,328,974 |  |  | $ | 465,723 |  |  | $ | 4,048,033 |
Nine Months Ended February 28, 2019 |  | CPG Segment |  |  | PCG Segment |  |  | Consumer Segment |  |  | Specialty Segment |  |  | Consolidated |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales (based on shipping location) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 690,142 |  |  | $ | 494,528 |  |  | $ | 1,003,493 |  |  | $ | 404,704 |  |  | $ | 2,592,867 |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  |  | 125,556 |  |  |  | 63,069 |  |  |  | 73,813 |  |  |  | 6,574 |  |  |  | 269,012 |
Europe |  |  | 353,937 |  |  |  | 181,784 |  |  |  | 155,722 |  |  |  | 64,678 |  |  |  | 756,121 |
Latin America |  |  | 110,028 |  |  |  | 26,877 |  |  |  | 20,183 |  |  |  | 976 |  |  |  | 158,064 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 59,775 |  |  |  | 27,852 |  |  |  | 21,733 |  |  |  | 23,560 |  |  |  | 132,920 |
Other Foreign |  |  | 684 |  |  |  | 47,495 |  |  |  | 5,987 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 54,166 |
Total Foreign |  |  | 649,980 |  |  |  | 347,077 |  |  |  | 277,438 |  |  |  | 95,788 |  |  |  | 1,370,283 |
Total |  | $ | 1,340,122 |  |  | $ | 841,605 |  |  | $ | 1,280,931 |  |  | $ | 500,492 |  |  | $ | 3,963,150 |

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|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
(In thousands) |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
CPG Segment |  | $ | (478 | ) |  | $ | (4,025 | ) |  | $ | 139,324 |  |  | $ | 96,375 |
PCG Segment |  |  | 22,240 |  |  |  | 14,365 |  |  |  | 83,617 |  |  |  | 44,990 |
Consumer Segment |  |  | 29,798 |  |  |  | 25,272 |  |  |  | 123,413 |  |  |  | 118,078 |
Specialty Segment |  |  | 12,942 |  |  |  | 16,115 |  |  |  | 55,031 |  |  |  | 66,049 |
Corporate/Other |  |  | (48,194 | ) |  |  | (47,263 | ) |  |  | (140,476 | ) |  |  | (162,497 | )
Consolidated |  | $ | 16,308 |  |  | $ | 4,464 |  |  | $ | 260,909 |  |  | $ | 162,995 |

(In thousands) |  | February 29, |  |  | May 31, |
Identifiable Assets |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
CPG Segment |  | $ | 1,518,968 |  |  | $ | 1,573,329 |
PCG Segment |  |  | 966,995 |  |  |  | 951,644 |
Consumer Segment |  |  | 2,018,854 |  |  |  | 1,953,279 |
Specialty Segment |  |  | 737,203 |  |  |  | 689,133 |
Corporate/Other |  |  | 323,850 |  |  |  | 273,970 |
Consolidated |  | $ | 5,565,870 |  |  | $ | 5,441,355 |

NOTE 18 — GOODWILL

We account for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350 and account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entities acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets.

We assess goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently, if events and circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination as of the acquisition date. Once goodwill has been allocated to the reporting units, it no longer retains its identification with a particular acquisition and becomes identified with the reporting unit in its entirety. Accordingly, the fair value of the reporting unit as a whole is available to support the recoverability of its goodwill. We evaluate our reporting units when changes in our operating structure occur, and if necessary, reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach.

Subsequent to our prior annual impairment test as of the first day of our fourth fiscal quarter, the composition of our reportable segments was revised, as further discussed in Note 17, “Segment Information.” Prior to implementing the revised segment reporting structure beginning in fiscal 2020, our previously disclosed Industrial segment comprised two operating segments, the CPG operating segment and the PCG operating segment. Each of these operating segments comprised several reporting units, all of which were tested during our last annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.

Also, in connection with our 2020 Map to Growth, we realigned certain businesses and management structure within our Specialty segment. As such, our former Wood Finishes Group reporting unit was split into two separate reporting units: Guardian and Wood Finishes Group. Additionally, our former Kop-Coat Group reporting unit was split into two reporting units: Kop-Coat Industrial Protection Products and Kop-Coat Group. We performed a goodwill impairment test for each of the new reporting units upon the change in reportable segments, business realignment and management structure using a quantitative assessment. We concluded that the estimated fair values exceeded the carrying values for these new reporting units, and accordingly, no indications of impairment were identified as a result of these changes during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

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The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment, for the periods presented:

|  | CPG |  |  | PCG |  |  | Industrial |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Specialty |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Segment |  |  | Segment |  |  | Segment |  |  | Segment |  |  | Segment |  |  | Total |
Balance as of May 31, 2019 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 526,419 |  |  | $ | 499,387 |  |  | $ | 219,956 |  |  | $ | 1,245,762 |
Allocation to new segments |  |  | 407,429 |  |  |  | 185,259 |  |  |  | (526,419 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (66,269 | ) |  |  | - |
Acquisitions |  |  | 14,689 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14,689 |
Translation adjustments |  |  | (3,578 | ) |  |  | (2,577 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,568 | ) |  |  | (910 | ) |  |  | (10,633 | )
Balance as of August 31, 2019 |  |  | 418,540 |  |  |  | 182,682 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 495,819 |  |  |  | 152,777 |  |  |  | 1,249,818 |
Acquisitions |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,023 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,023 |
Translation adjustments |  |  | 1,198 |  |  |  | 2,683 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,235 |  |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | 6,715 |
Balance as of November 30, 2019 |  |  | 419,738 |  |  |  | 188,388 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 498,054 |  |  |  | 153,376 |  |  |  | 1,259,556 |
Acquisitions |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 10,352 |  |  |  | 10,352 |
Translation adjustments |  |  | (3,321 | ) |  |  | (435 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (473 | ) |  |  | (442 | ) |  |  | (4,671 | )
Balance as of February 29, 2020 |  | $ | 416,417 |  |  | $ | 187,953 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 497,581 |  |  | $ | 163,286 |  |  | $ | 1,265,237 |

NOTE 19 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On March 11, 2020, subsequent to the balance sheet date, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak of the coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 as a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures. We are actively monitoring the impact of the coronavirus outbreak, which will negatively impact our business and results of operations for our fiscal fourth quarter and likely beyond. The extent to which our operations will be impacted by the outbreak will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the outbreak and actions by government authorities to contain the outbreak or treat its impact, among other things.

As of April 8, 2020, we have repurchased 386,231 shares of RPM common stock since February 29, 2020, at a cost of approximately $25.0 million, or an average of $64.73, under the stock repurchase program described in Note 11. Given recent macroeconomic uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, we have suspended our share buyback program.

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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our financial statements include all of our majority-owned subsidiaries. Investments in less-than-majority-owned joint ventures for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence over are accounted for under the equity method. Preparation of our financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates, including those related to our allowances for doubtful accounts; inventories; allowances for recoverable taxes; uncertain tax positions; useful lives of property, plant and equipment; goodwill and other intangible assets; environmental, warranties and other contingent liabilities; income tax valuation allowances; pension plans; and the fair value of financial instruments. We base our estimates on historical experience, our most recent facts, and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities. Actual results, which are shaped by actual market conditions, may differ materially from our estimates.

A comprehensive discussion of the accounting policies and estimates that are the most critical to our financial statements are set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2019.

BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

Effective June 1, 2019, we realigned certain businesses and management structure to recognize how we allocate resources and analyze the operating performance of our businesses. Among other things, the realignment of certain businesses occurred as a result of the 2020 MAP to Growth that was approved and initiated between May and August 2018. As we began to execute on our operating improvement initiatives, we identified ways to realign certain businesses, and concluded that moving to an expanded reporting structure could help us to better manage our assets and improve synergies across the enterprise.

This realignment changed our reportable segments beginning with our first quarter of fiscal 2020. As such, as of June 1, 2019, we began reporting under four reportable segments instead of our three previous reportable segments. See Note 17, “Segment Information,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail.

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The following tables reflect the results of our reportable segments consistent with our management philosophy, and represent the information we utilize, in conjunction with various strategic, operational and other financial performance criteria, in evaluating the performance of our portfolio of businesses. Information for all periods presented has been recast to reflect the current year change in reportable segments.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |
(In thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CPG Segment |  | $ | 372,082 |  |  | $ | 355,332 |  |  | $ | 1,407,697 |  |  | $ | 1,340,122 |
PCG Segment |  |  | 255,686 |  |  |  | 253,225 |  |  | $ | 845,639 |  |  |  | 841,605 |
Consumer Segment |  |  | 398,743 |  |  |  | 378,313 |  |  | $ | 1,328,974 |  |  |  | 1,280,931 |
Specialty Segment |  |  | 147,465 |  |  |  | 153,760 |  |  |  | 465,723 |  |  |  | 500,492 |
Consolidated |  | $ | 1,173,976 |  |  | $ | 1,140,630 |  |  | $ | 4,048,033 |  |  | $ | 3,963,150 |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CPG Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (Expense) Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | (478 | ) |  | $ | (4,025 | ) |  | $ | 139,324 |  |  | $ | 96,375 |
Interest (Expense), Net (b) |  |  | (2,130 | ) |  |  | (2,489 | ) |  |  | (6,231 | ) |  |  | (6,968 | )
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 1,652 |  |  | $ | (1,536 | ) |  | $ | 145,555 |  |  | $ | 103,343 |
PCG Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | 22,240 |  |  | $ | 14,365 |  |  | $ | 83,617 |  |  | $ | 44,990 |
Interest Income (Expense), Net (b) |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | (401 | )
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 22,117 |  |  | $ | 14,427 |  |  | $ | 83,597 |  |  | $ | 45,391 |
Consumer Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | 29,798 |  |  | $ | 25,272 |  |  | $ | 123,413 |  |  | $ | 118,078 |
Interest (Expense), Net (b) |  |  | (57 | ) |  |  | (119 | ) |  |  | (219 | ) |  |  | (417 | )
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 29,855 |  |  | $ | 25,391 |  |  | $ | 123,632 |  |  | $ | 118,495 |
Specialty Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | 12,942 |  |  | $ | 16,115 |  |  | $ | 55,031 |  |  | $ | 66,049 |
Interest Income (Expense), Net (b) |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | 135 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 332 |
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 12,966 |  |  | $ | 15,980 |  |  | $ | 55,037 |  |  | $ | 65,717 |
Corporate/Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Expense) Before Income Taxes (a) |  | $ | (48,194 | ) |  | $ | (47,263 | ) |  | $ | (140,476 | ) |  | $ | (162,497 | )
Interest (Expense), Net (b) |  |  | (25,720 | ) |  |  | (19,264 | ) |  |  | (61,840 | ) |  |  | (66,478 | )
EBIT (c) |  | $ | (22,474 | ) |  | $ | (27,999 | ) |  | $ | (78,636 | ) |  | $ | (96,019 | )
Consolidated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  | $ | 12,090 |  |  | $ | 14,496 |  |  | $ | 195,907 |  |  | $ | 133,855 |
Add: Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes |  |  | 4,218 |  |  |  | (10,032 | ) |  |  | 65,002 |  |  |  | 29,140 |
Income Before Income Taxes (a) |  |  | 16,308 |  |  |  | 4,464 |  |  |  | 260,909 |  |  |  | 162,995 |
Interest (Expense) |  |  | (23,972 | ) |  |  | (26,525 | ) |  |  | (78,630 | ) |  |  | (74,058 | )
Investment Income (Expense), Net |  |  | (3,836 | ) |  |  | 4,726 |  |  |  | 10,354 |  |  |  | 126 |
EBIT (c) |  | $ | 44,116 |  |  | $ | 26,263 |  |  | $ | 329,185 |  |  | $ | 236,927 |

(a) | The presentation includes a reconciliation of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes, a measure defined by generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the U.S., to EBIT.

(b) | Interest Income (Expense), Net includes the combination of interest (expense) and investment income/(expense), net.

(c) | EBIT is a non-GAAP measure, and is defined as earnings (loss) before interest and taxes. We evaluate the profit performance of our segments based on income before income taxes, but also look to EBIT as a performance evaluation measure because interest expense is essentially related to acquisitions, as opposed to segment operations. We believe EBIT is useful to investors for this purpose as well, using EBIT as a metric in their investment decisions. EBIT should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, income before income taxes as determined in accordance with GAAP, since EBIT omits the impact of interest in determining operating performance, which represent items necessary to our continued operations, given our level of indebtedness. Nonetheless, EBIT is a key measure expected by and useful to our fixed income investors, rating agencies and the banking community all of whom believe, and we concur, that this measure is critical to the capital markets' analysis of our segments' core operating performance. We also evaluate EBIT because it is clear that movements in EBIT impact our ability to attract financing. Our underwriters and bankers consistently require inclusion of this measure in offering memoranda in conjunction with any debt underwriting or bank financing. EBIT may not be indicative of our historical operating results, nor is it meant to be predictive of potential future results.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion describes our results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended February 29, 2020. While the recent outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) did not have a material adverse effect on our reported results for our fiscal third quarter, we are actively monitoring the impact of the coronavirus outbreak, which will negatively impact our business and results of operations for our fiscal fourth quarter and likely beyond. The extent to which our operations will be impacted by the outbreak will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the outbreak and actions by government authorities to contain the outbreak or treat its impact, among other things.

Three Months Ended February 29, 2020

Net Sales Consolidated net sales of $1,174.0 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 grew by approximately 2.9% from net sales of $1,140.6 million for last year’s third quarter. Organic sales, which include the impact of price and volume, contributed 3.0% to consolidated net sales while acquisitions added 0.7%. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange impacted consolidated net sales during the current quarter by 0.8%.

CPG segment net sales for the current quarter grew by 4.7% to $372.1 million, from net sales of $355.3 million during the same period a year ago. Organic growth contributed 5.1% during the quarter, mainly driven by market share gains and the introduction of new products, with the fastest growth being generated in our roofing, below-grade waterproofing and concrete admixtures businesses. Recent acquisitions contributed 1.0% to net sales during the current quarter. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange negatively impacted CPG segment net sales by 1.4% during the current quarter. Construction activity picked up due to favorable weather early in this year’s third quarter, enabling CPG to catch up on projects that were delayed during the rainy spring and early summer months.

PCG segment net sales for the current quarter grew by 1.0% to $255.7 million, from net sales of $253.2 million during the same period a year ago. Organic growth was 1.6% during the quarter, driven mainly by selling price increases over the comparable period last year while recent acquisitions contributed 0.2% to net sales during the current quarter. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange negatively impacted PCG segment net sales by 0.8% during the current quarter. Our protective and marine coatings business unit increased market share and its continental European operations grew solidly, driven by a new global management structure. However, this growth was somewhat offset by the highway and bridge maintenance businesses, which was slowed by government budget constraints, particularly in the UK. Organic growth in the segment has further slowed due to recent strategic decisions to exit certain international businesses, while discontinued product lines reduced sales by approximately 1.5%.

Consumer segment net sales for the quarter grew by 5.4% to $398.7 million, from $378.3 million during last year’s third quarter. Organic growth provided 6.0%, while unfavorable foreign currency exchange negatively impacted net sales in the segment by 0.6% during the current quarter versus the same period a year ago. Increased sales volume resulted from market share gains and unseasonably warm winter weather in North America that enabled consumers to complete more DIY home improvement projects. The fastest growth was achieved in our caulks, sealants, and patch and repair product lines.

Specialty segment net sales for the quarter decreased by 4.1% to $147.5 million, from $153.8 million during last year’s third quarter. Organic sales declined 7.1% during the current quarter, as a result of difficult comparisons to the prior year for our water damage restoration products business when significant weather events drove demand in North America. Sales were also down in our OEM fluorescent pigments, nail polish, and edible coatings businesses. These declines were somewhat offset by our wood coatings business which successfully outperformed its peers in a challenging market. Additionally, foreign currency exchange had an unfavorable impact on Specialty segment net sales for the quarter of 0.3%, while acquisitions added 3.3% of net sales during the quarter.

We now expect our net sales in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 to decrease in comparison to the prior year quarter, as a result of the disruption and uncertainty that COVID-19 is having on the global economy. As we cannot predict the duration or scope of the pandemic, the future financial impact on net sales cannot be reasonably estimated, but could be material. The extent of the decline in future sales is dependent on several factors, including but not limited to: (i) the ability of our customers to continue operations (currently, many of our customers are considered “essential” and are open for business); (ii) a potential for organic growth in DIY sales, as people spend more time at home; (iii) a potential for organic growth in professional and consumer cleaning and disinfectant brands, some of which are effective against COVID-19; and (iv) the nature and extent of facility closures as a result of COVID-19.

Gross Profit Margin Our consolidated gross profit margin of 37.0% of net sales for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 compares to a consolidated gross profit margin of 35.9% for the comparable period a year ago, after giving effect to the change in classification of shipping and handling costs. Last year’s reported gross profit margin of 39.1% has been recast to 35.9% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. The current quarter gross profit margin increase of approximately 1.1% of net sales, or 110 basis points

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(“bps”), result ed primarily from a combination of increases in selling prices, 2020 MAP to Growth savings, which include raw material savings due to our centralized procurement initiatives, and higher sales volume versus the same period a year ago.

Despite the recent outbreak of COVID-19, raw material costs inflation seems to be moderating in a number of our key product categories. Our global supply chain remains strong. Nearly all of our North American plants are operational and only some of our international plants have been closed temporarily. Despite these facts, as we cannot predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, the future financial impact to gross profit margin cannot be reasonably estimated, but could be material.

SG&A Our consolidated SG&A expense during the current period was $7.7 million higher versus the same period last year, but decreased to 32.5% of net sales from 32.8% of net sales for the prior year quarter. Last year’s reported SG&A percentage of net sales of 36.0% has been recast to 32.8% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping and handling costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, we continued our 2020 MAP to Growth and have generated incremental savings of approximately $3.8 million. Additional SG&A expense recognized by companies we acquired during the last 12 months approximated $2.1 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020.

Our CPG segment SG&A was approximately $10.1 million higher for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period and increased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to additional commissions directly associated with higher sales volume. Additionally, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately $1.0 million of additional SG&A expense during the current quarter.

Our PCG segment SG&A was approximately $0.5 million lower for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period and decreased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to transactional currency exchange and 2020 MAP to Growth savings, partially offset by increases in commission expense directly associated with higher sales volumes versus the prior year. Additionally, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately $0.2 million of additional SG&A expense during the current quarter.

Our Consumer segment SG&A increased by approximately $2.2 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the same period last year but decreased as a percentage of net sales. This was primarily attributable to increases in distribution and interplant freight expenses as a result of higher volume. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in advertising and promotional expense when compared to the prior year quarter.

Our Specialty segment SG&A was approximately $3.4 million higher during the third quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period and increased as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A expense is mainly attributable to additional costs associated with the ERP consolidation plan and the consolidation of certain accounting/financing functions associated with our 2020 MAP to Growth, partially offset by cost control measures associated with lower sales volumes.

SG&A expenses in our corporate/other category of $20.1 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased by $7.5 million from $27.6 million recorded during last year’s third quarter, resulting primarily from a decrease in professional fees in connection with our 2020 MAP to Growth, which approximated $1.6 million, compared to $7.4 million in the prior comparable quarter.

We recorded total net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs of $13.1 million and $11.4 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $1.7 million increase in pension expense resulted from the combination of higher net actuarial losses recognized during the current quarter versus last year’s third quarter for approximately $1.6 million and a higher service costs of approximately $0.7 million during the current quarter versus the same period a year ago. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $0.6 million in interest costs during the current quarter, when compared to the same period a year ago. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, both of which are difficult to predict in light of the recent outbreak of COVID-19.

As we cannot predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, the future financial impact to SG&A cannot be reasonably estimated, but could be material. As described further below, the disruption caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 is expected to delay our implementation of our 2020 MAP to Growth past the original target completion date of December 31, 2020, which may impact our near-term ability to drive further reduction in SG&A as a percentage of sales. However, this will be offset to some degree by lower variable SG&A, such as reduced travel-related expenses incurred by our associates, due to travel restrictions in place because of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Restructuring Charges We recorded restructuring charges of $7.3 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020, which compares with $8.7 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2019. These charges were the result of our continued implementation of our 2020 MAP to Growth, which focuses upon strategic shifts in operations across our entire business. On a consolidated basis, we recognized $4.8 million of severance and benefit costs during the third quarter of fiscal 2020 compared with $3.4 million during the same period a year ago. Facility closure and other related costs totaled $2.2 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020 versus $4.3 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2019. Finally, $0.4 million of other asset write-offs during the current period compared with $0.9 million

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during the same period a year ago. These charges were associated with closures of certain facilities as well as the elimination of duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with certain of our businesses.

We currently expect to incur approximately $32.4 million of future additional charges in relation to implementation of our 2020 MAP to Growth. These additional charges include approximately $22.9 million of severance and benefit costs, $8.7 million of facility closure and other related charges, as well as $0.8 million of other asset write-offs. We previously expected these charges to be incurred by the end of calendar year 2020, upon which we expected to achieve an annualized pretax savings of approximately $290 million per year. Recently, however, the disruption caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 is expected to delay our implementation of our 2020 MAP to Growth past the original target completion date of December 31, 2020. See Note 4, “Restructuring,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further detail surrounding our 2020 MAP to Growth.

Interest Expense Interest expense was $24.0 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 versus $26.5 million for the same period a year ago. Excluding acquisition-related borrowings, higher average borrowings quarter over quarter increased interest expense by approximately $3.1 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020 when compared to the prior year quarter. Higher average borrowings, related to recent acquisitions, increased interest expense during this year’s third quarter by approximately $0.5 million versus the same period a year ago. Lower interest rates, which averaged 3.63% overall for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 compared with 4.61% for the same period of fiscal 2019, decreased interest expense by approximately $6.2 million during the current quarter versus the same period last year. The interest rate decrease was a result of lower market rates on the variable cost borrowings as well as the October 2019 maturity of higher cost borrowing (i.e., our $450 million, 6.125% notes).

Investment (Income)Expense, Net Net investment expense of approximately $3.8 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 compares to net investment income of $4.7 million during the same period last year. Dividend and interest income totaled $3.1 million and $3.0 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net loss on marketable securities totaled $6.9 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020, while there were net realized gains of $1.7 million during the same period a year ago.

Income Before Income Taxes (“IBT”) Our consolidated IBT for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 of $16.3 million compares with IBT of $4.5 million for the same period a year ago. Our CPG segment had pretax losses of $0.5 million for the quarter ended February 29, 2020, versus pretax losses of $4.0 million for the same period a year ago. Our CPG segment results reflect selling price increases, moderating raw material costs, 2020 MAP to Growth savings and the favorable leverage impact of higher sales volume, partially offset by increased SG&A. Our PCG segment had IBT of $22.2 million, or 8.7% of net sales, for the quarter ended February 29, 2020, versus IBT of $14.4 million, or 5.7% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our PCG segment results reflect proactively managing a favorable product and service mix with a focus on higher margins, as well as 2020 MAP to Growth business rationalization efforts. Our Consumer segment IBT approximated $29.8 million, or 7.5% of net sales, for the third quarter of fiscal 2020, versus the prior year third quarter IBT of $25.3 million, or 6.7% of net sales. Our Consumer segment results reflect savings from 2020 MAP to Growth, partially offset by inflation in certain raw materials, and channel mix. Our Specialty segment had IBT of $12.9 million, or 8.8% of net sales for the quarter ended February 29, 2020, versus IBT of $16.1 million, or 10.5% of net sales, for the same period a year ago, reflecting declines in sales volume in our water damage restoration products, fluorescent pigments, nail polish and edible coatings businesses, which were somewhat mitigated by savings from 2020 MAP to Growth and other cost cutting measures.

Income Tax Rate The effective income tax rate of 25.9% for the three months ended February 29, 2020 compares to the effective income tax benefit rate of 224.7% for the three months ended February 28, 2019. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended February 29, 2020 reflects variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and an increase in valuation allowances related to foreign net operating losses. Additionally, during the third quarter, we recorded a net favorable discrete tax adjustment totaling $0.3 million. The net favorable discrete tax adjustment is comprised of a $10.9 million charge for an increase to our deferred income tax liability for withholding taxes on additional unremitted foreign earnings not considered permanently reinvested which was offset primarily by tax benefits associated with equity compensation, favorable adjustments related to foreign tax credits, and favorable adjustments related to the global intangible low-tax provisions, resulting from final Treasury Regulations issued during this quarter, and as reported on our 2019 U.S. federal income tax return.

The effective income tax benefit rate of 224.7% for the three months ended February 28, 2019 reflects variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the favorable impact of $12.7 million of net discrete tax benefits recorded during the quarter and the amplified impact of those tax benefits on the relatively low level of pre-tax earnings. The $12.7 million net discrete benefits recorded are primarily comprised of the net $8.1 million benefit resulting from completion of our SAB 118 accounting for the impact of the Tax Act, and the release of certain income tax reserves for uncertain tax positions.

Net Income Net income of $12.1 million for the quarter ended February 29, 2020 compares to net income of $14.5 million for the comparable prior year period. Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was

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$11.9 million, or 1.0% of consolidated net sales, which compared to net income of $14.2 million, or 1.2% of consolidated net sales for the comparable prior year period.

Diluted earnings per share of common stock for the quarter ended February 29, 2020 of $0.09 compares with diluted earnings per share of common stock of $0.11 for the quarter ended February 28, 2019.

Nine Months Ended February 29, 2020

Net Sales Consolidated net sales of $4,048.0 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 grew by approximately 2.1% from net sales of $3,963.2 million for last year’s first nine months. Acquisitions added 1.3%, while organic sales, which include the impact of price and volume, increased consolidated net sales by 2.0%. Consolidated net sales for the period also reflect an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact of 1.2%.

CPG segment net sales for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 grew by 5.0% to $1,407.7 million, from net sales of $1,340.1 million during the same period a year ago. The improvement resulted from recent acquisitions, which contributed 2.4% to net sales during the current period, and organic growth, which contributed 4.2% during the period. The organic growth was driven mainly by volume gains at our roofing business and market improvement at our business in Brazil, but was partially offset by weakening sales in Europe. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange impacted construction segment net sales by 1.6% during the current period.

PCG segment net sales for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 grew by 0.5% to $845.6 million, from net sales of $841.6 million during the same period a year ago. The improvement resulted from recent acquisitions, which contributed 0.7% to net sales during the current period, and organic growth, which contributed 1.2% during the period, driven mainly by the increases of selling prices over the comparable period last year. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange impacted PCG segment net sales by 1.4% during the current period. Sales growth was dampened by strategic decisions to exit low-margin businesses.

Consumer segment net sales for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 grew by 3.8% to $1,329.0 million, from $1,281.0 million during the same period a year ago. Recent acquisitions provided 0.7% of the growth in net sales, while organic growth provided 4.0%, during the current period, driven primarily by price increases and incremental volume from new customers. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange impacted net sales in the Consumer segment by 0.9% during the current period versus the same period a year ago. Sales improved in the U.S. as there were new customer wins during the period, but these were slightly offset due to soft economy in the U.K. and continental Europe related to Brexit.

Specialty segment net sales for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased by 7.0% to $465.7 million, from $500.5 million during last year’s first nine months. Organic sales declines of 7.4%, during the current period, resulted from decreases in our fluorescent pigments business (due to increased competition) and restoration equipment business (due to fewer significant weather events in the current year as compared to the prior year, as these weather events have a favorable impact on sales). Additionally, foreign currency exchange had an unfavorable impact on Specialty segment net sales for the period of 0.6%. Partially offsetting these decreases were sales from acquisitions, which contributed 1.0% during the period.

Gross Profit Margin Our consolidated gross profit margin of 38.0% of net sales for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 compares to a consolidated gross profit margin of 36.7% for the comparable period a year ago, after giving effect to the change in classification of shipping and handling costs. Last year’s reported gross profit margin of 39.8% has been recast to 36.7% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping and handling costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. This gross profit increase of approximately 1.3% of net sales reflects an improvement of approximately 130 bps resulting from a combination of increases in selling prices and 2020 MAP to Growth savings, partially offset by the impact of labor cost inflation and unfavorable mix of product sold versus last year. Additionally, higher raw material costs across RPM and supply chain challenges specifically in our Consumer Segment negatively affected our gross profit margin.

SG&A Our consolidated SG&A expense during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was $10.7 million higher versus the same period last year, but decreased to 29.3% of net sales from 29.6% of net sales for the comparable period. Last year’s first nine months reported SG&A percentage of net sales of 32.8% has been recast to 29.6% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping and handling costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, we continued our 2020 MAP to Growth and have generated $15.2 million of incremental savings. Additional SG&A expense incurred from companies acquired during the previous 12 months approximated $9.6 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2020.

Our CPG segment SG&A was approximately $16.2 million higher for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period but decreased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to increased commissions directly associated with higher sales volume, partially offset by 2020 MAP to Growth savings in the current period. Additionally, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately $6.3 million of additional SG&A expense.

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Our PCG segment SG&A was approximately $8.6 million lower for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period and decreased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to 2020 MAP to Growth savings in the current period, decreased allowance for doubtful accounts associated with accounts deemed uncollectible as a result of changes in our market and leadership strategy and unfavorable transactional foreign exchange that occurred in the prior comparable period. These decreases were slightly offset by approximately $0.6 million of additional SG&A expense generated from companies acquired during the past 12 months.

Our Consumer segment SG&A increased by approximately $6.5 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus the same period last year but decreased as a percentage of net sales. This was primarily attributable to increases in distribution costs and commissions directly associated with higher sales volume. In addition, during the second quarter of our current fiscal year, we decided to no longer pursue a product line targeted for OEM markets. We performed a recoverability assessment for certain prepaid assets associated with this product line, which resulted in the recognition of a $6.9 million charge during the second quarter of our current fiscal year. These increases were partially offset by 2020 MAP to Growth savings. Lastly, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately $1.8 million of additional SG&A expense.

Our Specialty segment SG&A was approximately $4.5 million higher during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period, and increased as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A expense is mainly attributable to additional costs associated with the ERP consolidation plan and the consolidation of certain accounting/finance functions associated with our 2020 MAP to Growth partially offset by cost control measures associated with lower sales volumes.

SG&A expenses in our corporate/other category of $73.9 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased by $7.9 million from $81.8 million recorded during last year’s first nine months, as professional fees in connection with our 2020 MAP to Growth were lower when compared to the prior year period.

We recorded total net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs of $39.4 million and $34.1 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $5.3 million increase in pension expense resulted principally from approximately $4.8 million of higher net actuarial losses recognized during the period versus the same period last year. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, both of which are difficult to predict in light of the recent outbreak of COVID-19.

Restructuring Charges We recorded restructuring charges of $18.8 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2020, which compares with $36.5 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2019. These charges were the result of our continued implementation of our 2020 MAP to Growth, which focuses upon strategic shifts in operations across our entire business. On a consolidated basis, we recognized $11.3 million of severance and benefit costs during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 compared with $29.0 million during the same period a year ago. Facility closure and other related costs totaled $6.8 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus $5.8 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2019. Finally, $0.7 million of other asset write-offs during the period compared with $1.7 million during the same period a year ago. These charges were associated with closures of certain facilities as well as the elimination of duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with certain of our businesses.

For further information and detail about our 2020 MAP to Growth, see “Restructuring Charges” in Results of Operations – Three Months Ended February 29, 2020, and Note 4, “Restructuring,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Expense Interest expense was $78.6 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus $74.1 million for the same period a year ago. The reversal of the convertible bond interest accrual during the first nine months of fiscal 2019 increased interest expense by approximately $2.1 million versus the same period a year ago. Excluding acquisition-related borrowings, higher average borrowings period over period increased interest expense by approximately $6.1 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable period a year ago. Higher average borrowings, related to recent acquisitions, increased interest expense during this year’s first nine months by approximately $2.5 million versus the same period a year ago. Lower interest rates, which averaged 3.88% overall for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 compared with 4.24% for the same period of fiscal 2019, decreased interest expense by approximately $6.2 million during the current period versus the same period last year.

Investment (Income) Expense, Net Net investment income of approximately $10.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 compares to net investment income of $0.1 million during the same period last year. Dividend and interest income totaled $6.8 million and $6.6 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net gains on marketable securities totaled $3.6 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2020, while there were net realized losses of $6.5 million during the same period a year ago.

IBT Our consolidated IBT for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 of $260.9 million compares with IBT of $163.0 million for the same period a year ago. Our CPG segment had IBT of $139.3 million, or 9.9% of net sales, for the nine months ended February 29, 2020, versus IBT of $96.4 million, or 7.2% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our CPG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings, selling price increases and increased earnings from recent acquisitions. Our PCG segment had IBT of $83.6 million, or 9.9% of net sales, for the nine months ended February 29, 2020, versus IBT of $45.0 million, or 5.3% of net sales, for the same

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period a year ago. Our PCG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings and selling price increases. Our Consumer segment IBT approximated $123.4 million, or 9.3% of net sales, for the first nine months of fiscal 2020, versus the prior year’s first nine months IBT of $118.1 million, or 9.2% of net sales. Our Consumer segment results reflect new customer wins partially offset by supply chain challenges. Additionally, t he prior period results reflect higher unfavorable legal settlements and related legal fees than were incurred during the current year. Our Specialty segment had pretax income of $55.0 million, or 11.8% of net sales for the nine months ended February 29, 2020, versus pretax income of $66.0 million, or 13.2% of net sales, for the same period a year ago, reflecting declines in sales volume in our fluorescent pigment, restoration equipment and specialty coatings businesses.

Income Tax Rate The effective income tax rate of 24.9% for the nine months ended February 29, 2020 compares to the effective income tax rate of 17.8% for the nine months ended February 28, 2019. The effective income tax rate for nine months ended February 29, 2020 reflects variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes, an increase in valuation allowances related to foreign net operating losses and tax benefits associated with equity compensation.

The effective income tax rate of 17.8% for the nine months ended February 28, 2019 reflects variances from the 21% statutory rate due primarily to $16.5 million of net discrete tax benefits, which includes the $12.7 million net tax benefit described above with the remaining balance being recorded in the prior quarters of fiscal 2019. These discrete tax benefits were partially offset primarily by the unfavorable impact of state and local taxes and incremental valuation allowances associated with certain foreign net operating losses.

Net Income Net income of $195.9 million for the nine months ended February 29, 2020 compares to net income of $133.9 million for the comparable prior year period. Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was $195.1 million, or 4.8% of consolidated net sales, which compared to net income of $133.2 million, or 3.4% of consolidated net sales for the comparable prior year period.

Diluted earnings per share of common stock for the nine months ended February 29, 2020 of $1.50 compares with diluted earnings per share of common stock of $1.00 for the nine months ended February 28, 2019.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Operating Activities

Fiscal 2020 Compared with Fiscal 2019

Approximately $381.2 million of cash was provided by operating activities during the first nine months of fiscal 2020, compared with $145.5 million of cash provided by operating activities during the same period last year. The net change in cash from operations includes the change in net income, which increased by $62.1 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus the same period during fiscal 2019. During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, we recorded $18.8 million in restructuring charges and made cash payments of $18.9 million related to our 2020 MAP to Growth, as further described in Note 4, “Restructuring.” Changes in working capital accounts accounted for an improvement of approximately $233.2 million period over period, while all other accruals and adjustments to reconcile net income used approximately $59.6 million more cash flow during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus the same period last year.

The change in accounts receivable during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 provided approximately $129.4 million more cash than during the same period a year ago. This resulted from improved margin initiatives that shifted approximately $100.0 million in receipts from the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 to the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Days sales outstanding (“DSO”) at February 29, 2020 decreased to 68.7 days from 71.0 days at February 28, 2019. While many of our businesses achieved decreases in DSO during the current period versus last year, those improvements were more than offset by increased DSO at our Consumer segment resulting from a reduction of the volume of cash collections subject to early payment discounts.

During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, we spent approximately $7.1 million less cash for inventory compared to our spending during the same period a year ago, which resulted primarily from the timing of purchases by retail customers. Days of inventory outstanding (“DIO”) was approximately 111.3 and 112.8 days at February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019, respectively. The improvement in DIO was driven mainly by the Consumer segment, which has taken various actions in conjunction with out 2020 MAP to Growth to streamline manufacturing process and improve fill rates.

The change in accounts payable during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 used approximately $96.7 million less cash than during the first nine months of fiscal 2019. Days payables outstanding (“DPO”) improved by approximately 9 days from 79.9 days at February 28, 2019 to 89.1 days at February 29, 2020, resulting principally from the timing of certain payments as we continue to move toward a center-led procurement process that includes negotiating modified payment terms. Cash provided from operations, along with the use of available credit lines, as required, remain our primary sources of liquidity.

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As we cannot predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our customers and suppliers, the negative financial impact to our results cannot be reasonably estimated, but could be material. We are actively managing the business to maintain cash flow and we have significant liquidity. We believe that these factors will allow us to meet our anticipated funding requirements.

Investing Activities

Capital expenditures, other than for ordinary repairs and replacements, are made to accommodate our continued growth to achieve production and distribution efficiencies, expand capacity, introduce new technology, improve environmental health and safety capabilities, improve information systems, and enhance our administration capabilities. Capital expenditures of $105.4 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2020, with depreciation for the same period of $76.6 million. In the comparable prior year period, capital expenditures were $84.5 million, which compared with depreciation of $71.9 million. We have been increasing our capital spending in fiscal 2020, in an effort to consolidate ERP systems and our plant footprint, as part of our 2020 MAP to Growth. During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, we paid $65.1 million for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, versus $167.7 million during the comparable prior year period.

Our captive insurance companies invest their excess cash in marketable securities in the ordinary course of conducting their operations, and this activity will continue. Differences in the amounts related to these activities on a year-over-year basis are primarily attributable to differences in the timing and performance of their investments balanced against amounts required to satisfy claims. At February 29, 2020 and May 31, 2019, the fair value of our investments in marketable securities totaled $114.7 million and $112.5 million, respectively. The fair value of our portfolio of marketable securities is based on quoted market prices for identical, or similar, instruments in active or non-active markets or model-derived-valuations with observable inputs. We have no marketable securities whose fair value is subject to unobservable inputs.

As of February 29, 2020, approximately $182.1 million of our consolidated cash and cash equivalents were held at various foreign subsidiaries, compared with $205.8 million at May 31, 2019. Undistributed earnings held at our foreign subsidiaries that are considered permanently reinvested will be used, for instance, to expand operations organically or for acquisitions in foreign jurisdictions. Further, our operations in the U.S. generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy U.S. operating requirements. Refer to Note 9, “Income Taxes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding unremitted foreign earnings.

Financing Activities

Our available liquidity, including our cash and cash equivalents and amounts available under our committed credit facilities, stood at $1.14 billion at February 29, 2020, compared with $1.28 billion at May 31, 2019.

Term Loan Facility Credit Agreement

On February 21, 2020, we and our subsidiary, RPM New Horizons Netherlands, B.V. (the “Foreign Borrower”), entered into an unsecured syndicated term loan facility credit agreement (the “New Credit Facility”) with the lenders party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent for the lenders. The New Credit Facility provides for a $300 million term loan to the Company and a $100 million term loan to the Foreign Borrower (together, the “Term Loans”), each of which was fully advanced on the closing date. The Term Loans mature on February 21, 2023, with no scheduled amortization before that date, and the Term Loans may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. We agreed to guarantee all obligations of the Foreign Borrower under the New Credit Facility. The proceeds of the Term Loans were used to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. After giving effect to such repayment, we had approximately $820 million of borrowing availability on our Revolving Credit Facility. See “Revolving Credit Agreement” below for further details.

The Term Loans will bear interest at either the base rate or the Eurodollar Rate, at our option, plus a spread determined by our debt rating. We, and the Foreign Borrower, have entered into multicurrency floating to fixed interest rate swap agreements that effectively fix interest payment obligations on the entire principal amount of the Term Loans through their maturity at (a) 0.612% per annum on our Term Loan, and (b) 0.558% per annum on the Foreign Borrower’s Term Loan.

The New Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including but not limited to, limitations on our ability, and in certain instances, our subsidiaries’ ability, to incur liens, make certain investments, or sell or transfer assets. Additionally, we may not permit (i) our consolidated interest coverage ratio to be less than 3.5 to 1.0, or (ii) our leverage ratio (defined as the ratio of total indebtedness (less unencumbered cash and cash equivalents in excess of $50 million) to consolidated EBITDA for the four most recent fiscal quarters) to exceed 3.75 to 1.0. Upon notification to the lenders, however, the maximum permitted leverage ratio can be relaxed to 4.25 to 1.0 for a one-year period in connection with certain material acquisitions. The covenants contained in the New Credit Facility are substantially similar to those contained in our Revolving Credit Facility. See “Revolving Credit Agreement” below for details on our compliance with all significant financial covenants at February 29, 2020.

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Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

As of February 29, 2020, the outstanding balance under our AR Program was $70.0 million, which compares with the maximum availability on that date of $150.0 million. The maximum availability under the AR Program is $200.0 million, but availability is further subject to changes in the credit ratings of our customers, customer concentration levels or certain characteristics of the accounts receivable being transferred and, therefore, at certain times, we may not be able to fully access the $200.0 million of funding available under the AR Program.

The AR Program contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as customary default and termination provisions. Our failure to comply with the covenants described above and other covenants contained in the Revolving Credit Facility could result in an event of default under that agreement, entitling the lenders to, among other things, declare the entire amount outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility to be due and payable immediately. The instruments governing our other outstanding indebtedness generally include cross-default provisions that provide that, under certain circumstances, an event of default that results in acceleration of our indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility will entitle the holders of such other indebtedness to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

Revolving Credit Agreement

As noted in the “Term Loan Facility Credit Agreement” section above, the proceeds of the Term Loans entered into during February 2020 were used to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. After giving effect to such repayment, we had approximately $820 million of borrowing availability on our Revolving Credit Facility. As of February 29, 2020, we had $847.3 million of borrowing availability on our Revolving Credit Facility.

At May 31, 2019, the outstanding balance on our 6.125% senior notes approximated $450.5 million, which was included in the current portion of long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets. Accordingly, during October 2019, we utilized available funds from our Revolving Credit Facility to repay our $450 million unsecured 6.125% senior notes, which matured on October 15, 2019.

The Revolving Credit Facility requires us to comply with various customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a leverage covenant and interest coverage ratio, which are calculated in accordance with the terms as defined by the credit agreement. Under the terms of the leverage covenant, we may not permit our leverage ratio for total indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA for the four most recent fiscal quarters to exceed 3.75 to 1.0. During certain periods and per the terms of the Revolving Credit Facility, this ratio may be increased to 4.25 to 1.0 in the event of an acquisition for which the aggregate consideration is $100.0 million or greater. The minimum required consolidated interest coverage ratio for EBITDA to interest expense is 3.50 to 1. The interest coverage ratio is calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter for the four fiscal quarters then ended. For purposes of these computations, EBITDA is defined in the Revolving Credit Facility.

As of February 29, 2020, we were in compliance with all financial covenants contained in our Revolving Credit Facility, Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, and Term Loan Facility Credit Agreement, including the leverage and interest coverage ratio covenants. At that date, our leverage ratio was 2.90 to 1, while our interest coverage ratio was 7.95 to 1.

Stock Repurchase Program

On January 9, 2008, we announced our authorization of a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of RPM International Inc. common stock at management’s discretion. As announced on November 28, 2018, our goal is to return $1.0 billion in capital to stockholders by May 31, 2021 through share repurchases. On April 16, 2019, after taking into account share repurchases under our existing stock repurchase program to date, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of the remaining $600.0 million in value of RPM International Inc. common stock by May 31, 2021. As a result, we may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in private transactions at various times and in amounts and for prices that our management deems appropriate, subject to insider trading rules and other securities law restrictions. The timing of our purchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, alternative uses of capital and other factors. We may limit or terminate the repurchase program at any time. During the three months ended February 29, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under this program. During the three months ended February 28, 2019, we repurchased 1,570,647 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $91.2 million, or an average cost of $58.08 per share, under this program. During the nine months ended February 29, 2020, we repurchased 1,655,616 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $100.0 million, or an average cost of $60.40 per share, under this program. During the nine months ended February 28, 2019, we repurchased 2,819,045 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $173.2 million, or an average cost of $61.45 per share, under this program.

See Note 19, “Subsequent Events” for an update on additional repurchases and a decision to suspend our share buyback program.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet financings for the year ended May 31, 2019, other than the minimum operating lease commitments as previously disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2019. As of June 1, 2019, upon adoption of ASC 842, the minimum operating lease commitments are no longer off-balance sheet. We have no subsidiaries that are not included in our financial statements, nor do we have any interests in, or relationships with, any special purpose entities that are not reflected in our financial statements.

OTHER MATTERS

Environmental Matters

Environmental obligations continue to be appropriately addressed and, based upon the latest available information, it is not anticipated that the outcome of such matters will materially affect our results of operations or financial condition. Our critical accounting policies and estimates set forth above describe our method of establishing and adjusting environmental-related accruals and should be read in conjunction with this disclosure. For additional information, refer to “Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings.”

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The foregoing discussion includes forward-looking statements relating to our business. These forward-looking statements, or other statements made by us, are made based on our expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting us and are subject to uncertainties and factors (including those specified below), which are difficult to predict and, in many instances, are beyond our control. As a result, our actual results could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any such forward-looking statements. These uncertainties and factors include (a) global markets and general economic conditions, including uncertainties surrounding the volatility in financial markets, the availability of capital and the effect of changes in interest rates, and the viability of banks and other financial institutions; (b) the prices, supply and capacity of raw materials, including assorted pigments, resins, solvents, and other natural gas- and oil-based materials; packaging, including plastic containers; and transportation services, including fuel surcharges; (c) continued growth in demand for our products; (d) legal, environmental and litigation risks inherent in our construction and chemicals businesses and risks related to the adequacy of our insurance coverage for such matters; (e) the effect of changes in interest rates; (f) the effect of fluctuations in currency exchange rates upon our foreign operations; (g) the effect of non-currency risks of investing in and conducting operations in foreign countries, including those relating to domestic and international political, social, economic and regulatory factors; (h) risks and uncertainties associated with our ongoing acquisition and divestiture activities; (i) the timing of and the realization of anticipated cost savings from restructuring initiatives and the ability to identify additional cost savings opportunities; (j) risks related to the adequacy of our contingent liability reserves; (k) risks relating to the recent outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19); and (l) other risks detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2019, as the same may be updated from time to time. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect future events, information or circumstances that arise after the filing date of this document.

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risk from changes in raw materials costs, interest rates and foreign exchange rates since we fund our operations through long- and short-term borrowings and conduct our business in a variety of foreign currencies. As discussed elsewhere in this report, the recent outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) will negatively impact our business and results of operations. As we cannot predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, the negative financial impact to our results cannot be reasonably estimated, but could be material.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of February 29, 2020 (the “Evaluation Date”), have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act (1) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and (2) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended February 29, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

SEC Investigation and Enforcement Action

As previously disclosed, we were notified by the SEC on June 24, 2014, that we are the subject of a formal investigation pertaining to the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves in fiscal 2013 with respect to the previously disclosed DOJ and GSA Office of Inspector General investigation into compliance issues relating to Tremco Roofing Division’s GSA contracts. As previously disclosed, our audit committee completed an investigation into the facts and circumstances surrounding the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves with respect to the GSA and DOJ investigations, and determined that it was appropriate to restate our financial results for the first, second and third quarters of fiscal 2013. These restatements had no impact on our audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2013 or 2014. The audit committee’s investigation concluded that there was no intentional misconduct on the part of any of our officers.

In connection with the foregoing, on September 9, 2016, the SEC filed an enforcement action in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against us and our General Counsel. We have cooperated with the SEC’s investigation and believe the allegations in the complaint mischaracterize both our and our General Counsel’s actions in connection with the matters related to our quarterly results in fiscal 2013 and are without merit. The complaint seeks disgorgement of gains that may have resulted from the conduct alleged in the complaint, and payment of unspecified monetary penalties from us and our General Counsel pursuant to Section 20(d) of the Securities Act and Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act. Further, the complaint seeks to permanently enjoin us from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act, Sections 13(a), 13(b)(2)(A) and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act, and Exchange Act Rules 12b-20, 13a-1, 13a-11 and 13a-13, and to permanently enjoin our General Counsel from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act and Exchange Act Rules 13b2-1 and 13b2-2(a). Both we and our General Counsel filed motions to dismiss the complaint on February 24, 2017. Those motions to dismiss the complaint were denied by the Court on September 29, 2017. We and our General Counsel filed answers to the complaint on October 16, 2017. Formal discovery commenced in January 2018 and closed as of June 3, 2019, other than one remaining discovery dispute. The parties engaged in written discovery, and several fact witnesses were deposed. The dispositive motion briefing schedule was vacated by the Court on July 2, 2019, due to the remaining discovery dispute, and will be reset once this dispute is fully resolved. We intend to continue to contest the allegations in the complaint vigorously.

Environmental Proceedings

As previously reported, several of our subsidiaries are, from time to time, identified as a “potentially responsible party” under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and similar local environmental statutes. In some cases, our subsidiaries are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts or other remedial actions. Our share of such costs to date, however, has not been material and management believes that these environmental proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. See “Item 1 — Business — Environmental Matters,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2019.

On August 13, 2019, Kirker Enterprises Inc. received an Administrative Order and Civil Administrative Penalty Assessment letter from the State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Air Enforcement formally notifying it of alleged failures to fulfill all conditions of an air permit applicable to its Patterson, New Jersey facility. The letter includes a proposed penalty of approximately $192,000.

Carboline Company previously was identified as a potentially responsible party in connection with a matter filed on behalf of the U.S. EPA claiming that Carboline Company, among other potentially responsible parties, violated Section 107 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) and seeking reimbursement for response costs incurred in connection with the release or threatened release of hazardous substances at the Lammers Barrel Superfund Site in Beavercreek, Ohio. During the current quarter, Carboline Company agreed in principle to settle this matter for $1.3 million, which amount is subject to final approval and court entry of the proposed consent decree relating to this matter.

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ITEM 1A. | RI SK FACTORS

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of a widespread health epidemic. The present coronavirus (or COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted our operations and will affect our business, including as government authorities impose mandatory closures, work-from-home orders and social distancing protocols, and seek voluntary facility closures or impose other restrictions that could materially adversely affect our ability to adequately staff and maintain our operations. Specifically, we have experienced, and expect to experience in the future, temporary facility closures in response to government mandates in certain jurisdictions in which we operate and in response to positive diagnoses for COVID-19 in certain facilities for the safety of our associates. The COVID-19 outbreak could also disrupt our supply chain and materially adversely impact our ability to secure supplies for our facilities and to provide personal protective equipment for our employees, which could materially adversely affect our operations. There may also be long-term effects on our customers in and the economies of affected countries. Even if a virus or other illness does not spread significantly, the perceived risk of infection or health risk may materially adversely affect our business. Any of the foregoing within the countries in which we or our customers and suppliers operate would severely disrupt our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. As we cannot predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, the negative financial impact to our results cannot be reasonably estimated, but could be material.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the other risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019.

ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(c) The following table presents information about repurchases of common stock we made during the third quarter of fiscal 2020:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Maximum
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Number |  |  | Dollar Amount
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | of Shares |  |  | that
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Purchased as |  |  | May Yet be
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Part of Publicly |  |  | Purchased
|  | Total Number |  |  | Average |  |  | Announced |  |  | Under the
|  | of Shares |  |  | Price Paid |  |  | Plans or |  |  | Plans or
Period |  | Purchased(1) |  |  | Per Share |  |  | Programs |  |  | Programs(2)
December 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019 |  |  | 160 |  |  | $ | 73.32 |  |  |  | - |  |  |
January 1, 2020 through January 31, 2020 |  |  | 61,456 |  |  | $ | 74.69 |  |  |  | - |  |  |
February 1, 2020 through February 29, 2020 |  |  | 24,528 |  |  | $ | 74.30 |  |  |  | - |  |  |
Total - Third Quarter |  |  | 86,144 |  |  | $ | 74.58 |  |  |  | - |  |  |

(1) | Includes 86,144 shares of common stock that were disposed of back to us in satisfaction of tax obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock which was granted under RPM International Inc.'s Amended and Restated 2014 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan and 2007 Restricted Stock Plan.

(2) | The maximum dollar amount that may yet be repurchased under our program was approximately $494.7 million at February 29, 2020. Refer to Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our stock repurchase program.

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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description
10.1 |  | Credit Agreement among RPM International Inc., RPM New Horizons Netherlands B.V., the Lenders party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, dated February 21, 2020, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2020 (File No. 1-14187).
10.2 |  | Amendment No. 6 to Second Amended and Restated Receivables Sale Agreement, dated as of December 26, 2019.(x)
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.(x)
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.(x)
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.(x)
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.(x)
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
104 |  | The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 29, 2020, has been formatted in Inline XBRL

(x) | Filed herewith.

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| RPM International Inc.
| By: |  | /s/ Frank C. Sullivan
|  |  | Frank C. Sullivan
|  |  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
| By: |  | /s/ Russell L. Gordon
|  |  | Russell L. Gordon
|  |  | Vice President and
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer

Dated: April 8, 2020

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