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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________________________________
Form 10-Q
___________________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from____________to____________
Commission File Number: 001-32172
_______________________________________________________
XPO, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_______________________________________________________

Delaware |  | 03-0450326
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Five American Lane |  |
Greenwich, | CT |  | 06831
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(855) 976-6951
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
N/A
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share |  | XPO |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 25, 2024, there were 116,401,890 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.

XPO, Inc.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2024
Table of Contents

| Page No.
Part I—Financial Information |
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited): |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income | 2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity | 5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 18
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 26
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 26
Part II—Other Information |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 27
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 27
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 27
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 27
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 27
Item 5. Other Information | 27
Item 6. Exhibits | 28
Signatures | 29

Table of Contents
Part I—Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements.
XPO, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)

|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions, except per share data) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
ASSETS |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 378 |  |  | $ | 412 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $46 and $45, respectively |  | 1,064 |  |  | 973 |
Other current assets |  | 212 |  |  | 208 |
Total current assets |  | 1,654 |  |  | 1,593 |
Long-term assets |  |  |  |
Property and equipment, net of $1,991 and $1,853 in accumulated depreciation, respectively |  | 3,357 |  |  | 3,075 |
Operating lease assets |  | 750 |  |  | 708 |
Goodwill |  | 1,516 |  |  | 1,498 |
Identifiable intangible assets, net of $499 and $452 in accumulated amortization, respectively |  | 381 |  |  | 422 |
Other long-term assets |  | 266 |  |  | 196 |
Total long-term assets |  | 6,269 |  |  | 5,899 |
Total assets |  | $ | 7,923 |  |  | $ | 7,492 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 445 |  |  | $ | 532 |
Accrued expenses |  | 805 |  |  | 775 |
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt |  | 68 |  |  | 69 |
Short-term operating lease liabilities |  | 134 |  |  | 121 |
Other current liabilities |  | 112 |  |  | 93 |
Total current liabilities |  | 1,563 |  |  | 1,590 |
Long-term liabilities |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | 3,343 |  |  | 3,335 |
Deferred tax liability |  | 371 |  |  | 337 |
Employee benefit obligations |  | 88 |  |  | 91 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities |  | 614 |  |  | 588 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 303 |  |  | 285 |
Total long-term liabilities |  | 4,719 |  |  | 4,636 |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 300 shares authorized; 116 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |  | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 1,340 |  |  | 1,298 |
Retained earnings |  | 496 |  |  | 185 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (195) |  |  | (217) |
Total equity |  | 1,641 |  |  | 1,266 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 7,923 |  |  | $ | 7,492 |

Amounts may not add due to rounding.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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XPO, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except per share data) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue |  | $ | 2,053 |  |  | $ | 1,980 |  |  | $ | 6,150 |  |  | $ | 5,804 |
Salaries, wages and employee benefits |  | 852 |  |  | 809 |  |  | 2,541 |  |  | 2,354 |
Purchased transportation |  | 430 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 1,303 |  |  | 1,338 |
Fuel, operating expenses and supplies |  | 399 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 1,213 |  |  | 1,223 |
Operating taxes and licenses |  | 21 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 45 |
Insurance and claims |  | 33 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 129 |
(Gains) losses on sales of property and equipment |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (5) |  |  | (4) |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | 126 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 365 |  |  | 318 |
Transaction and integration costs |  | 13 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 47 |
Restructuring costs |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 35 |
Operating income |  | 176 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 511 |  |  | 319 |
Other income |  | (15) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (31) |  |  | (12) |
Debt extinguishment loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Interest expense |  | 56 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 126 |
Income from continuing operations before income tax provision |  | 135 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 182 |
Income tax provision |  | 40 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 48 |
Income from continuing operations |  | 95 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 312 |  |  | 134 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |
Net income |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 131 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 134 |
Discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |
Net income |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 131 |
Earnings (loss) per share data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 2.68 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.02) |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 2.68 |  |  | $ | 1.14 |
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 0.72 |  |  | $ | 2.60 |  |  | $ | 1.14 |
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.02) |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 0.71 |  |  | $ | 2.60 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding |  | 116 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 116 |
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding |  | 120 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 118 |

Amounts may not add due to rounding.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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XPO, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 131 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation gain (loss), net of tax effect of $8, $(5), $1 and $5 |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (21) |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on financial assets/liabilities designated as hedging instruments, net of tax effect of $1, $—, $— and $1 |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 29 |  |  | (22) |  |  | 21 |  |  | 8 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 333 |  |  | $ | 139 |

Amounts may not add due to rounding.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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XPO, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 131 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes |  | — |  |  | (3) |
Income from continuing operations |  | 312 |  |  | 134 |
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations to net cash from operating activities |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 365 |  |  | 318 |
Stock compensation expense |  | 64 |  |  | 58 |
Accretion of debt |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Deferred tax expense |  | 39 |  |  | 16 |
Gains on sales of property and equipment |  | (5) |  |  | (4) |
Other |  | — |  |  | 46 |
Changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | (87) |  |  | (141) |
Other assets |  | (71) |  |  | (24) |
Accounts payable |  | (29) |  |  | (38) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | 21 |  |  | 70 |
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations |  | 619 |  |  | 443 |
Cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations |  |  |  |
Payment for purchases of property and equipment |  | (623) |  |  | (494) |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  | 17 |  |  | 19 |
Proceeds from settlement of cross-currency swaps |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Proceeds from sale of investment |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations |  | (598) |  |  | (473) |
Cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt |  | — |  |  | 1,977 |
Repurchase of debt |  | — |  |  | (2,003) |
Repayment of debt and finance leases |  | (64) |  |  | (50) |
Payment for debt issuance costs |  | (4) |  |  | (15) |
Change in bank overdrafts |  | 32 |  |  | 30 |
Payment for tax withholdings for restricted shares |  | (21) |  |  | (12) |
Other |  | (1) |  |  | 1 |
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations |  | (59) |  |  | (72) |
Cash flows from discontinued operations |  |  |  |
Operating activities of discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | (11) |
Investing activities of discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Net cash used in discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | (9) |
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | 5 |  |  | 2 |
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | (33) |  |  | (109) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period |  | 419 |  |  | 470 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period |  | $ | 385 |  |  | $ | 361 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |  |  |  |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 80 |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities |  | 62 |  |  | 52 |
Cash paid for interest |  | 148 |  |  | 109 |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | 71 |  |  | 36 |

Amounts may not add due to rounding.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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XPO, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Unaudited)

|  |  |  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |  | Total Equity
Balance as of June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  | 116,344 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,322 |  |  | $ | 402 |  |  | $ | (225) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,499 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 95 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 |
Exercise and vesting of stock compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Tax withholdings related to vesting of stock compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4) |
Stock compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |
Balance as of September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  | 116,401 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,340 |  |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | (195) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,641 |

|  |  |  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |  | Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | 116,073 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,298 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | (217) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,266 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 312 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 312 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21 |
Exercise and vesting of stock compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  | 328 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Tax withholdings related to vesting of stock compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (22) |
Stock compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64 |
Balance as of September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  | 116,401 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,340 |  |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | (195) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,641 |

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|  |  |  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |  | Total Equity
Balance as of June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | 115,939 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,268 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | (192) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,119 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 84 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (22) |
Exercise and vesting of stock compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Tax withholdings related to vesting of stock compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |
Stock compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | 115,972 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,284 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | (214) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,197 |

|  |  |  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |  | Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  | 115,435 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,238 |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | (222) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,012 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 131 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 131 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |
Exercise and vesting of stock compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  | 537 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Tax withholdings related to vesting of stock compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (14) |
Stock compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 58 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | 115,972 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,284 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | (214) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,197 |

Amounts may not add due to rounding.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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XPO, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
XPO, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“XPO,” “we” or the “Company”), is a leading provider of freight transportation services. We use our proprietary technology to move goods efficiently through our customers’ supply chains in North America and Europe. See Note 2—Segment Reporting for additional information on our operations.
Strategic Developments
In December 2023, we acquired 28 less-than-truckload (“LTL”) service centers in the U.S. previously operated by Yellow Corporation. In connection with this transaction, we purchased 26 of the service centers and assumed existing leases for the other two locations. This strategic acquisition of assets aligns with our commitment to invest in expanding our LTL network capacity.
Our Board of Directors has previously authorized the divestiture of our European business. There can be no assurance that the divestiture will occur, or of the terms or timing of a transaction.
Basis of Presentation
We prepared our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and on the same basis as the accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). The interim reporting requirements of Form 10-Q allow certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements to be condensed or omitted. These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the 2023 Form 10-K.
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are not audited but reflect all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature and are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition, operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.
The historical results of operations and financial positions of RXO, Inc., GXO Logistics, Inc. and our intermodal operation are presented as discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented.
Within the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and associated notes, certain amounts may not add due to the use of rounded numbers. Percentages presented are calculated from the underlying numbers in millions.
Restricted Cash
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our restricted cash included in Other long-term assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was $7 million.
Trade Receivables Securitization and Factoring Programs
We sell certain of our trade accounts receivable on a non-recourse basis to third-party financial institutions under factoring agreements. We also sell trade accounts receivable under a securitization program for our European Transportation business. We use trade receivables securitization and factoring programs to help manage our cash flows and offset the impact of extended payment terms for some of our customers.
The maximum amount of net cash proceeds available at any one time under our securitization program, inclusive of any unsecured borrowings, is €200 million (approximately $223 million as of September 30, 2024). As of September 30, 2024, the maximum amount available under the program was utilized. The weighted average interest rate was 5.37% as of September 30, 2024. The program expires in July 2026.
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Information related to the trade receivables sold was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Securitization programs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables sold in period |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 1,339 |  |  | $ | 1,362 |
Cash consideration |  | 440 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 1,339 |  |  | 1,362 |
Factoring programs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables sold in period |  | 20 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 81 |
Cash consideration |  | 20 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 81 |

Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The levels of inputs used to measure fair value are:
•Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;
•Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and
•Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable, generally utilizing pricing models or other valuation techniques that reflect management’s judgment and estimates.
We base our fair value estimates on market assumptions and available information. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and current maturities of long-term debt approximated their fair values as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to their short-term nature and/or being receivable or payable on demand. The Level 1 cash equivalents include money market funds valued using quoted prices in active markets and a cash deposit for the securitization program.
The fair value hierarchy of cash equivalents was as follows:

(In millions) |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1
September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 336 |
December 31, 2023 |  | 369 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 369 |

We measure Level 1 equity investments at fair value on a recurring basis using quoted prices in active markets. As of September 30, 2024, the value of our equity investment was $3 million and is reflected within Other current assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized a gain on equity investments of $9 million and $13 million, respectively, in Corporate. These amounts are included in Other income on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
For information on the fair value hierarchy of our derivative instruments, see Note 5—Derivative Instruments and for information on financial liabilities, see Note 6—Debt.
Accounting Pronouncements Issued but Not Yet Effective
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The ASU modifies income tax disclosures by requiring (i) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliations and (ii) the disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction, among other requirements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning in 2025, and should be applied on a prospective basis, with the option to apply retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new standard, which is limited to financial statement disclosures.
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In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments in the ASU increase reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit and loss, and provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, among other disclosure requirements. This ASU is effective on a retrospective basis for annual periods beginning in 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new standard, which is limited to financial statement disclosures.
2. Segment Reporting
We are organized into two reportable segments: North American LTL, the largest component of our business, and European Transportation.
In our North American LTL segment, we provide shippers with geographic density and day-definite domestic and cross-border services to the U.S., as well as Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. Our North American LTL segment also includes the results of our trailer manufacturing operations.
In our European Transportation segment, we serve an extensive base of customers within the consumer, trade and industrial markets. We offer dedicated truckload, LTL, truck brokerage, managed transportation, last mile, freight forwarding, warehousing and multimodal solutions, such as road-rail and road-short sea combinations.
Corporate includes corporate headquarters costs for executive officers and certain legal and financial functions, and other costs and credits not attributed to our reportable segments.
Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) regularly reviews financial information at the operating segment level to allocate resources to the segments and to assess their performance. We include items directly attributable to a segment, and those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis, in segment results reported to the CODM. We do not provide asset information by segment to the CODM. Our CODM evaluates segment profit (loss) based on adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), which we define as income from continuing operations before debt extinguishment loss, interest expense, income tax provision, depreciation and amortization expense, transaction and integration costs, restructuring costs and other adjustments. Segment Adjusted EBITDA includes an allocation of corporate costs.
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Selected financial data for our segments is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American LTL |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | $ | 1,228 |  |  | $ | 3,743 |  |  | $ | 3,484 |
European Transportation |  | 803 |  |  | 752 |  |  | 2,407 |  |  | 2,320 |
Total |  | $ | 2,053 |  |  | $ | 1,980 |  |  | $ | 6,150 |  |  | $ | 5,804 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American LTL |  | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 631 |
European Transportation |  | 44 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 127 |
Corporate |  | 5 |  |  | (7) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (26) |
Total Adjusted EBITDA |  | 333 |  |  | 278 |  |  | 964 |  |  | 732 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt extinguishment loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Interest expense |  | 56 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 126 |
Income tax provision |  | 40 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 48 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | 126 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 365 |  |  | 318 |
Transaction and integration costs (1) |  | 13 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 47 |
Restructuring costs (2) |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 35 |
Other |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Income from continuing operations |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 134 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American LTL |  | $ | 89 |  |  | 75 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 214 |
European Transportation |  | 36 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 100 |
Corporate |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Total |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 365 |  |  | $ | 318 |

(1) Transaction and integration costs for the periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 are primarily comprised of stock-based compensation for certain employees related to strategic initiatives. Transaction and integration costs for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 include $1 million and $1 million, respectively, related to our European Transportation segment, and $12 million and $7 million, respectively, related to Corporate. Transaction and integration costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 include $1 million and $0 million, respectively, related to our North American LTL segment, $2 million and $2 million, respectively, related to our European Transportation segment, and $36 million and $45 million, respectively, related to Corporate.
(2) Restructuring costs for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 include $2 million and $1 million, respectively, related to our European Transportation segment, and $1 million and $0 million, respectively, related to Corporate. Restructuring costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 include $2 million and $10 million, respectively, related to our North American LTL segment, $13 million and $9 million, respectively, related to our European Transportation segment, and $2 million and $16 million, respectively, related to Corporate. See Note 4— Restructuring Charges for further information on our restructuring actions.
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3. Revenue Recognition
Disaggregation of Revenues
Our revenue disaggregated by geographic area based on sales office location was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
(In millions) |  | North American LTL |  | European Transportation |  |  |  | Total
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 1,224 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,224 |
North America (excluding United States) |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 27 |
France |  | — |  |  | 320 |  |  |  |  | 320 |
United Kingdom |  | — |  |  | 269 |  |  |  |  | 269 |
Europe (excluding France and United Kingdom) |  | — |  |  | 214 |  |  |  |  | 214 |
Total |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | $ | 803 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,053 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(In millions) |  | North American LTL |  | European Transportation |  |  |  | Total
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 1,202 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,202 |
North America (excluding United States) |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 26 |
France |  | — |  |  | 309 |  |  |  |  | 309 |
United Kingdom |  | — |  |  | 232 |  |  |  |  | 232 |
Europe (excluding France and United Kingdom) |  | — |  |  | 211 |  |  |  |  | 211 |
Total |  | $ | 1,228 |  |  | $ | 752 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,980 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(In millions) |  | North American LTL |  | European Transportation |  |  |  | Total
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 3,662 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,662 |
North America (excluding United States) |  | 81 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 81 |
France |  | — |  |  | 984 |  |  |  |  | 984 |
United Kingdom |  | — |  |  | 766 |  |  |  |  | 766 |
Europe (excluding France and United Kingdom) |  | — |  |  | 657 |  |  |  |  | 657 |
Total |  | $ | 3,743 |  |  | $ | 2,407 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,150 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(In millions) |  | North American LTL |  | European Transportation |  |  |  | Total
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 3,411 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,411 |
North America (excluding United States) |  | 73 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 73 |
France |  | — |  |  | 980 |  |  |  |  | 980 |
United Kingdom |  | — |  |  | 682 |  |  |  |  | 682 |
Europe (excluding France and United Kingdom) |  | — |  |  | 658 |  |  |  |  | 658 |
Total |  | $ | 3,484 |  |  | $ | 2,320 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,804 |

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4. Restructuring Charges
We engage in restructuring actions as part of our ongoing efforts to best use our resources and infrastructure. These actions generally include severance and facility-related costs, including impairment of lease assets, as well as contract termination costs, and are intended to improve our efficiency and profitability.
Our restructuring-related activity was as follows:

|  |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
(In millions) |  | Reserve Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | Charges Incurred |  | Payments |  |  |  | Foreign Exchange and Other |  | Reserve Balance as of September 30, 2024
Severance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American LTL |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
European Transportation |  | 1 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (11) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Corporate |  | 8 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (7) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | 3 |
Total |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (20) |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |

In addition to the severance charges noted in the table above, we recorded non-cash charges in our North American LTL and European Transportation segments of $2 million and $1 million, respectively, during the first nine months of 2024.
We expect that the majority of the cash outlays related to the severance charges incurred in the first nine months of 2024 will be completed within 12 months.
5. Derivative Instruments
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to risks arising from business operations and economic factors, including fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currencies. We use derivative instruments to manage the volatility related to these exposures. The objective of these derivative instruments is to reduce fluctuations in our earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. These financial instruments are not used for trading or other speculative purposes. Historically, we have not incurred, and do not expect to incur in the future, any losses as a result of counterparty default.
The fair value of our derivative instruments and the related notional amounts were as follows:

|  | September 30, 2024
|  |  |  | Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities
(In millions) |  | Notional Amount |  | Balance Sheet Caption |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Caption |  | Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swap agreements |  | $ | 249 |  |  | Other current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | Other current liabilities |  | $ | (17) |
Cross-currency swap agreements |  | 403 |  |  | Other long-term assets |  | — |  |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | (22) |
Interest rate swaps |  | 550 |  |  | Other current assets |  | — |  |  | Other current liabilities |  | (1) |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | (39) |

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|  | December 31, 2023
|  |  |  | Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities
(In millions) |  | Notional Amount |  | Balance Sheet Caption |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Caption |  | Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swap agreements |  | $ | 652 |  |  | Other current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | Other current liabilities |  | $ | (34) |
Interest rate swaps |  | 350 |  |  | Other current assets |  | — |  |  | Other current liabilities |  | (2) |
Interest rate swaps |  | 200 |  |  | Other long-term assets |  | — |  |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | — |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | (36) |

The derivatives are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The derivatives are valued using inputs other than quoted prices, such as foreign exchange rates and yield curves.
The effect of derivative and nonderivative instruments designated as hedges on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income was as follows:

|  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives |  | Amount of Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Net Income |  | Amount of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swap agreements |  | (23) |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Total |  | $ | (24) |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |

|  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives |  | Amount of Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Net Income |  | Amount of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swap agreements |  | (5) |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |
Total |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 6 |

Cross-Currency Swap Agreements
We enter into cross-currency swap agreements to manage the foreign currency exchange risk related to our international operations by effectively converting our fixed-rate USD-denominated debt, including the associated interest payments, to fixed-rate, euro (“EUR”)-denominated debt. The risk management objective of these transactions is to manage foreign currency risk relating to net investments in subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies and reduce the variability in the functional currency equivalent cash flows of this debt.
During the term of the swap contracts, we receive interest on a quarterly basis from the counterparties based on USD fixed interest rates, and we pay interest, also on a quarterly basis, to the counterparties based on EUR fixed interest
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rates. At maturity, we will repay the original principal amount in EUR and receive the principal amount in USD. These agreements expire at various dates through 2027.
We designated these cross-currency swaps as qualifying hedging instruments and account for them as net investment hedges. We apply the simplified method of assessing the effectiveness of our net investment hedging relationships. Under this method, for each reporting period, the change in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps is initially recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). The change in the fair value due to foreign exchange remains in AOCI and the initial component excluded from effectiveness testing will initially remain in AOCI and then will be reclassified from AOCI to Interest expense each period in a systematic manner. Cash flows related to the periodic exchange of interest payments for these net investment hedges are included in Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Interest Rate Hedging
We execute short-term interest rate swaps to mitigate variability in forecasted interest payments on our Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”). The interest rate swaps convert floating-rate interest payments into fixed rate interest payments. We designated the interest rate swaps as qualifying hedging instruments and account for these derivatives as cash flow hedges. The outstanding interest rate swaps mature on various dates in 2024 and 2025.
We record gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments to the designated portion of interest rate swaps in AOCI and reclassify them to Interest expense on the dates that interest payments accrue. Cash flows related to the interest rate swaps are included in Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
6. Debt

|  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
(In millions) |  | Principal Balance |  | Carrying Value |  | Principal Balance |  | Carrying Value
Term loan facility |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | 1,089 |  |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | 1,087 |
6.25% senior secured notes due 2028 |  | 830 |  |  | 823 |  |  | 830 |  |  | 822 |
7.125% senior notes due 2031 |  | 450 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 445 |
7.125% senior notes due 2032 |  | 585 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 575 |
6.70% senior debentures due 2034 |  | 300 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 221 |
Finance leases, asset financing and other |  | 254 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 254 |
Total debt |  | 3,519 |  |  | 3,411 |  |  | 3,519 |  |  | 3,404 |
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt |  | 68 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 69 |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 3,451 |  |  | $ | 3,343 |  |  | $ | 3,450 |  |  | $ | 3,335 |

The fair value of our debt and classification in the fair value hierarchy was as follows:

(In millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2
September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 3,616 |  |  | $ | 2,276 |  |  | $ | 1,340 |
December 31, 2023 |  | 3,583 |  |  | 2,235 |  |  | 1,348 |

We valued Level 1 debt using quoted prices in active markets. We valued Level 2 debt using bid evaluation pricing models or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics.
ABL Facility
As of September 30, 2024, our borrowing base was $557 million and our availability under our Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, as amended (the “ABL Facility”), was $556 million after considering outstanding letters of credit of less than $1 million. As of September 30, 2024, we were in compliance with the ABL Facility’s financial covenants.
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Letters of Credit Facility
As of September 30, 2024, we had issued $137 million in aggregate face amount of letters of credit under our $200 million uncommitted secured evergreen letter of credit facility.
Term Loan Facility
In 2015, we entered into a Term Loan Credit Agreement that provided for a single borrowing of $1.6 billion, which was subsequently amended to increase the principal balance to $2.0 billion and to extend the maturity date to February 2025 (the “Existing Term Loan Facility”).
In the second quarter of 2023, we amended the Term Loan Credit Agreement to obtain $700 million of new term loans (the “New Term Loan Facility”) having substantially similar terms as the Existing Term Loan Facility, except with respect to maturity date, issue price, interest rate, prepayment premiums in connection with certain voluntary prepayments and certain other provisions. The New Term Loan Facility was issued at 99.5% of the face amount and will mature in May 2028.
In the same period, we used net proceeds from the New Term Loan Facility, the Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (as defined below) and the Senior Notes due 2031 (as defined below), together with cash on hand, to repay $2.0 billion of outstanding principal under the Existing Term Loan Facility and to pay related fees, expenses and accrued interest. We recorded a debt extinguishment loss of $23 million in the second quarter 2023 due to this repayment.
In the fourth quarter of 2023, we entered into an incremental amendment to the Term Loan Credit Agreement to obtain $400 million of incremental term loans (the “Incremental Term Loans”). The Incremental Term Loans are a new tranche of loans under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and will mature in February 2031.
The weighted average interest rate of our term loans was approximately 7.20% as of September 30, 2024.
Senior Notes Due 2028 and 2031
In the second quarter of 2023, we completed private placements of $830 million aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes due 2028 (the “Senior Secured Notes due 2028”) and $450 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2031 (the “Senior Notes due 2031”). The Senior Secured Notes due 2028 mature in June 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 6.25% per annum. The Senior Notes due 2031 mature in June 2031 and bear interest at a rate of 7.125% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears and commenced December 1, 2023. These notes were issued at par and were used to repay our Existing Term Loan Facility as described above.
7. Income Taxes
During the second quarter of 2024, the Company executed a legal entity reorganization in our European Transportation business that resulted in a one-time tax benefit of $41 million for the second quarter of 2024 ($40 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024).
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8. Earnings (Loss) per Share
The computations of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

|  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except per share data) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income from continuing operations |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 134 |
Net loss from discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |
Net income |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 131 |
Basic weighted-average common shares |  | 116 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 116 |
| Dilutive effect of stock-based awards |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |
Diluted weighted-average common shares |  | 120 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 118 |
Basic earnings from continuing operations per share |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 2.68 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |
Basic loss from discontinued operations per share |  | — |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.02) |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 2.68 |  |  | $ | 1.14 |
Diluted earnings from continuing operations per share |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 0.72 |  |  | $ | 2.60 |  |  | $ | 1.14 |
Diluted loss from discontinued operations per share |  | — |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.02) |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 0.71 |  |  | $ | 2.60 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |

9. Commitments and Contingencies
We are involved, and expect to continue to be involved, in numerous proceedings arising out of the conduct of our business. These proceedings may include claims for property damage or personal injury incurred in connection with the transportation of freight, environmental liability, commercial disputes, insurance coverage disputes and employment-related claims, including claims involving asserted breaches of employee restrictive covenants.
We establish accruals for specific legal proceedings when it is considered probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We review and adjust, as appropriate, accruals for loss contingencies at least quarterly and as additional information becomes available. If a loss is not both probable and reasonably estimable, or if an exposure to loss exists in excess of the amount accrued, we assess whether there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss, or additional loss, may have been incurred. If there is a reasonable possibility that a loss, or additional loss, may have been incurred, we disclose the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss if it is material and an estimate can be made, or disclose that such an estimate cannot be made. The determination as to whether a loss can reasonably be considered to be possible or probable is based on our assessment, together with legal counsel, regarding the ultimate outcome of the matter.
We believe that we have adequately accrued for the potential impact of loss contingencies that are probable and reasonably estimable. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of any matters to which we are presently a party will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, and an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Legal costs incurred related to these matters are expensed as incurred.
We carry liability and excess umbrella insurance policies that we deem sufficient to cover potential legal claims arising in the normal course of conducting our operations as a transportation company. In the event we are required to satisfy a legal claim outside the scope of the coverage provided by insurance, our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be negatively impacted.
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Insurance Contribution Litigation
In April 2012, Allianz Global Risks US Insurance Company sued eighteen insurance companies in a case captioned Allianz Global Risks US Ins. Co. v. ACE Property & Casualty Ins. Co., et al., Multnomah County Circuit Court (Case No. 1204-04552). Allianz Global Risks US Ins. Co. (“Allianz”) sought contribution on environmental and product liability claims that Allianz agreed to defend and indemnify on behalf of its insured, Daimler Trucks North America (“DTNA”). Defendants had insured Freightliner’s assets, which DTNA acquired in 1981. Con-way, Freightliner’s former parent company, intervened. We acquired Con-way in 2015. Con-way and Freightliner had self-insured under fronting agreements with defendant insurers ACE, Westport, and General. Under those agreements, Con-way agreed to indemnify the fronting carriers for damages assessed under the fronting policies. Con-way’s captive insurer, Centron, was also a named defendant. After a seven-week jury trial in 2014, the jury found that Con-way and the fronting insurers never intended that the insurers defend or indemnify any claims against Freightliner. In June 2015, Allianz appealed to the Oregon Court of Appeals. In May 2019, the Oregon Court of Appeals upheld the jury verdict. In September 2019, Allianz appealed to the Oregon Supreme Court. In March 2021, the Oregon Supreme Court reversed the jury verdict, holding that it was an error to allow the jury to decide how the parties intended the fronting policies to operate, and also holding that the trial court improperly instructed the jury concerning one of the pollution exclusions at issue. In July 2021, the matter was remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with the Oregon Supreme Court’s decision. In June 2023, the trial court decided the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment, leaving open the pollution exclusion and allocation issues. The trial on the pollution exclusion issue took place in October 2024 where the jury issued a favorable verdict for the Company, finding that the pollution exclusion applied to the General policy over several years for which Allianz seeks contribution. The trial on allocation of defense and indemnity costs among the applicable insurance policies is to take place in early 2025. We have accrued an immaterial amount for the potential exposure associated with ultimate allocation to the relevant policies; however, any losses that may arise in connection with the fronting policies issued by defendant insurers ACE, Westport, and General are not reasonably estimable at this time.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other written reports and oral statements we make from time to time contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terms such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “will,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target,” “trajectory” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terms. However, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause actual future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from our expected future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to a material difference include those discussed below and the risks discussed in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All forward-looking statements set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are qualified by these cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by the Company will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequence to or effects on the Company or its business or operations. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). Forward-looking statements set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except to the extent required by law.
Executive Summary
XPO, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“XPO,” “we” or the “Company”), is a leading provider of freight transportation services, with company-specific avenues for value creation. We use our proprietary technology to move goods efficiently through our customers’ supply chains in North America and Europe. As of September 30, 2024, we had approximately 38,000 employees and 611 locations in 17 countries serving approximately 54,000 customers.
Our company has two reportable segments: North American Less-Than-Truckload (“LTL”), the largest component of our business, and European Transportation. Our North American LTL segment includes the results of our trailer manufacturing operations.
Within the tables presented, certain amounts may not add due to the use of rounded numbers. Unless otherwise indicated, percentages presented are calculated from the underlying numbers in millions.
North American LTL Segment
LTL in North America is a bedrock industry providing a critical service to the economy, with favorable pricing dynamics and an established competitive landscape. XPO is one of the largest LTL networks in North America, with approximately 9% share of the U.S. market, estimated to be $52 billion as of December 31, 2023.
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We provide approximately 35,000 shippers in North America with critical geographic density and day-definite domestic and cross-border services to approximately 99% of U.S. zip codes, as well as Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. Our capacity and reach give us the ability to manage large freight volumes efficiently and balance our network to leverage fixed costs. For the trailing 12 months ended September 30, 2024, our customer-focused organization of truck drivers, service center teams and sales professionals worked together to move approximately 18 billion pounds of freight through our network to its destinations.
Importantly, our LTL business historically has generated a high return on invested capital and robust free cash flow. This supports our ongoing investments in our people, network capacity and proprietary technology. We manage the business to specific objectives, such as high customer service scores for on-time delivery and damage-free freight, the optimal sourcing of linehaul transportation, and the expansion of our service center footprint in strategic markets with long-term demand. Since implementing our LTL 2.0 growth plan in the fourth quarter of 2021, we have added over 4,400 tractors and 14,700 trailers.
In 2023, we produced over 6,400 trailers at our in-house trailer manufacturing facility, surpassing our goal of more than 6,000 trailers, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we produced over 3,600 trailers. Our in-house trailer manufacturing is an example of a self-reliant capability that is competitively advantageous to us, particularly when industry conditions make it difficult to source equipment.
In December 2023, we completed the acquisition of 28 service centers previously operated by Yellow Corporation (the “Yellow Asset Acquisition”), representing approximately 2,900 doors. We expect the net increase in doors to be approximately two-thirds of the gross number purchased as we look for opportunities to rationalize our existing footprint. This strategic acquisition of assets aligns with our commitment to invest in expanding our LTL network capacity.
As a leading provider of freight transportation services, our business can be impacted to varying degrees by factors beyond our control. In 2024, the overall freight environment continues to be recessionary, in large part due to underlying demand trends. Despite this, we continue to perform well and see growth potential ahead as we continue to expand our business by investing in capacity for the long-term, gaining profitable market share and aligning price with the value we provide to customers.
Specific to our technology, we believe that we have a large opportunity to drive further growth and profitability in our LTL network through innovation. For more information, see “Technology” below.
European Transportation Segment
XPO has a unique pan-European transportation platform with leading positions in key geographies: We are the #1 full truckload broker and the #1 pallet network (LTL) provider in France; the #1 full truckload broker and the #1 LTL provider in Iberia (Spain and Portugal); and a top-tier dedicated truckload provider in the U.K., where we also have the largest single-owner LTL network. We serve an extensive base of customers within the consumer, trade and industrial markets, including many sector leaders that have long-tenured relationships with us.
Our range of freight services in Europe encompasses dedicated truckload, LTL, truck brokerage, managed transportation, last mile, freight forwarding, warehousing and, increasingly, multimodal solutions, such as road-rail and road-short sea combinations that we tailor to customer needs. Our operators use our proprietary technology to manage these services within our digital ecosystem in Europe.
Technology
One of the ways in which we deliver superior service to our customers is by empowering our employees with technology. Our industry is evolving, and customers want to de-risk their supply chains by forming relationships with reliable service providers that have invested in innovation.
We have built a highly scalable ecosystem on the cloud that deploys our software consistently across our operating footprint. In our North American LTL business, the caliber of our technology is mission-critical to our success; it optimizes linehaul, pickup-and-delivery and pricing — the main components of the service we provide. An LTL network of our scale has hundreds of thousands of activities underway at any given time, all managed on our technology. For the trailing 12 months ended September 30, 2024, we moved approximately 18 billion pounds of freight 820 million miles, including moving linehaul freight an average of 2.6 million miles a day.
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With intelligent route-building, we can reduce empty miles in our linehaul network, improve load factor and mitigate cargo damage. Our proprietary bypass models make recommendations to enhance trailer utilization, assimilating massive amounts of data and taking volume, density, and freight dimensions into account. We use our real-time visualization tools to reduce costs with pickups and deliveries and developed a robust pricing platform for contractual account management and automated, dynamic pricing for local accounts.
Consolidated Summary Financial Table

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Percent of Revenue |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Percent of Revenue |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 vs. 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 vs. 2023
Revenue |  | $ | 2,053 |  |  | $ | 1,980 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 3.7 | % |  | $ | 6,150 |  |  | $ | 5,804 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 6.0 | %
Salaries, wages and employee benefits |  | 852 |  |  | 809 |  |  | 41.5 | % |  | 40.9 | % |  | 5.3 | % |  | 2,541 |  |  | 2,354 |  |  | 41.3 | % |  | 40.6 | % |  | 7.9 | %
Purchased transportation |  | 430 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 20.9 | % |  | 22.1 | % |  | (1.6) | % |  | 1,303 |  |  | 1,338 |  |  | 21.2 | % |  | 23.1 | % |  | (2.6) | %
Fuel, operating expenses and supplies |  | 399 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 19.4 | % |  | 20.5 | % |  | (1.7) | % |  | 1,213 |  |  | 1,223 |  |  | 19.7 | % |  | 21.1 | % |  | (0.8) | %
Operating taxes and licenses |  | 21 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  | 40.0 | % |  | 61 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  | 35.6 | %
Insurance and claims |  | 33 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 1.6 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | (15.4) | % |  | 105 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  | (18.6) | %
(Gains) losses on sales of property and equipment |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | (100.0) | % |  | (5) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (0.1) | % |  | (0.1) | % |  | 25.0 | %
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | 126 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | 5.6 | % |  | 14.5 | % |  | 365 |  |  | 318 |  |  | 5.9 | % |  | 5.5 | % |  | 14.8 | %
Transaction and integration costs |  | 13 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | 0.4 | % |  | 62.5 | % |  | 39 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  | (17.0) | %
Restructuring costs |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | 200.0 | % |  | 17 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 0.6 | % |  | (51.4) | %
Operating income |  | 176 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | 7.8 | % |  | 14.3 | % |  | 511 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 5.5 | % |  | 60.2 | %
Other income |  | (15) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (0.7) | % |  | (0.2) | % |  | 275.0 | % |  | (31) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (0.5) | % |  | (0.2) | % |  | 158.3 | %
Debt extinguishment loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | — | % |  | 0.4 | % |  | (100.0) | %
Interest expense |  | 56 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | 2.1 | % |  | 36.6 | % |  | 170 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  | 34.9 | %
Income from continuing operations before income tax provision |  | 135 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 6.6 | % |  | 5.9 | % |  | 15.4 | % |  | 372 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 6.0 | % |  | 3.1 | % |  | 104.4 | %
Income tax provision |  | 40 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | 29.0 | % |  | 60 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  | 25.0 | %
Income from continuing operations |  | 95 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 4.6 | % |  | 4.3 | % |  | 10.5 | % |  | 312 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 5.1 | % |  | 2.3 | % |  | 132.8 | %
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — | % |  | (0.1) | % |  | (100.0) | % |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — | % |  | (0.1) | % |  | (100.0) | %
Net income |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | 4.6 | % |  | 4.2 | % |  | 13.1 | % |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | 5.1 | % |  | 2.3 | % |  | 138.2 | %

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared with Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Our consolidated revenue for the third quarter of 2024 increased 3.7% to $2.1 billion, compared with the same quarter in 2023. Our consolidated revenue for the first nine months of 2024 increased 6.0% to $6.2 billion, compared with the same period in 2023. The increase in both periods reflects growth in both of our reportable segments, partially offset by a decline in fuel surcharge revenue in our North American LTL segment. Foreign currency movement did not impact revenue in the third quarter of 2024 and increased revenue by approximately 0.3 percentage points in the first nine months of 2024.
Salaries, wages and employee benefits includes compensation-related costs for our employees, including salaries, wages, incentive compensation, healthcare-related costs and payroll taxes, and covers drivers and dockworkers, operations and facility workers and employees in support roles and other positions. Salaries, wages and employee benefits for the third quarter of 2024 was $852 million, or 41.5% of revenue, compared with $809 million, or 40.9% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2023. Salaries, wages and employee benefits for the first nine months of 2024 was $2.5 billion, or 41.3% of revenue, compared with $2.4 billion, or 40.6% of revenue, for the same period in
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2023. The year-over-year increase as a percentage of revenue in both periods primarily reflects the impact of inflation on our cost base and the insourcing of a greater proportion of linehaul from third-party transportation providers.
Purchased transportation includes costs of procuring third-party freight transportation. Purchased transportation for the third quarter of 2024 was $430 million, or 20.9% of revenue, compared with $437 million, or 22.1% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2023. Purchased transportation for the first nine months of 2024 was $1.30 billion, or 21.2% of revenue, compared with $1.34 billion, or 23.1% of revenue, for the same period in 2023. The year-over-year decrease as a percentage of revenue in both periods primarily reflects the insourcing of a greater proportion of linehaul from third-party transportation providers and, to a lesser extent, lower rates paid to third-party providers for purchased transportation miles in our North American LTL segment, partially offset by higher purchased transportation in our European Transportation segment.
Fuel, operating expenses and supplies includes the cost of fuel purchased for use in our vehicles as well as related taxes, maintenance and lease costs for our equipment, including tractors and trailers, costs related to operating our owned and leased facilities, bad debt expense, third-party professional fees, information technology expenses and supplies expense. Fuel, operating expenses and supplies for the third quarter of 2024 was $399 million, or 19.4% of revenue, compared with $406 million, or 20.5% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2023. Fuel, operating expenses and supplies for the first nine months of 2024 was $1.21 billion, or 19.7% of revenue, compared with $1.22 billion, or 21.1% of revenue, for the same period in 2023. The year-over-year decrease as a percentage of revenue in both periods primarily reflects lower fuel costs.
Operating taxes and licenses includes tax expenses related to our vehicles and our owned and leased facilities as well as license expenses to operate our vehicles. Operating taxes and licenses for the third quarter of 2024 was $21 million, compared with $15 million for the same quarter in 2023. Operating taxes and licenses for the first nine months of 2024 was $61 million, compared with $45 million for the same period in 2023. The year-over-year increase in both periods primarily reflects property taxes on service centers acquired in the Yellow Asset Acquisition.
Insurance and claims includes costs related to vehicular and cargo claims for both purchased insurance and self-insurance programs. Insurance and claims for the third quarter of 2024 was $33 million, compared with $39 million for the same quarter in 2023. Insurance and claims for the first nine months of 2024 was $105 million, compared with $129 million for the same period in 2023. The year-over-year decrease in both periods reflects lower expense due to improved damage frequency, partially offset by higher vehicular insurance costs.
(Gains) losses on sales of property and equipment for the third quarter of 2024 was $0 million, compared with a loss of $1 million for the same quarter in 2023. (Gains) losses on sales of property and equipment in the first nine months of 2024 was a gain of $5 million, compared with a gain of $4 million for the same period in 2023.
Depreciation and amortization expense for the third quarter of 2024 was $126 million, compared with $110 million for the same quarter in 2023. Depreciation and amortization expense for the first nine months of 2024 was $365 million, compared with $318 million for the same period in 2023. The year-over-year increase in both periods reflects the impact of capital investments, in particular tractors and trailers, as well as service centers acquired in the Yellow Asset Acquisition.
Transaction and integration costs for the third quarter of 2024 were $13 million, compared with $8 million for the same quarter in 2023. Transaction and integration costs for the first nine months of 2024 were $39 million, compared with $47 million for the same period in 2023. Transaction and integration costs for both periods of 2024 and 2023 are primarily comprised of stock-based compensation for certain employees related to strategic initiatives. We expect stock-based compensation costs related to our previously announced strategic initiatives to conclude in 2024.
Restructuring costs for the third quarter of 2024 were $3 million, compared with $1 million for the same quarter in 2023. Restructuring costs for the first nine months of 2024 were $17 million, compared with $35 million for the same period in 2023. We engage in restructuring actions as part of our ongoing efforts to best use our resources and infrastructure. For more information, see Note 4—Restructuring Charges to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Other income for the third quarter of 2024 was $15 million, compared with $4 million for the same quarter in 2023. Other income for the first nine months of 2024 was $31 million, compared with $12 million for the same period in 2023. The year-over-year increase reflects $9 million of investment income in the third quarter of 2024 and $13 million of investment income in the first nine months of 2024 in Corporate on a past investment in a private company that was sold in the quarter, compared with no investment income in the 2023 periods, as well as an increase in net periodic pension income in both 2024 periods.
Debt extinguishment loss was $23 million for the first nine months of 2023, which related to the refinancing of our Existing Term Loan Facility (as defined below) in the second quarter of 2023. There was no debt extinguishment loss in the third quarter of 2023 or in 2024.
Interest expense increased to $56 million for the third quarter of 2024, compared with $41 million for the same quarter in 2023. Interest expense increased to $170 million for the first nine months of 2024, compared with $126 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in both periods is primarily due to the debt issuance in the fourth quarter of 2023 to finance the Yellow Asset Acquisition.
Our effective income tax rates were 29.7% and 27.0% for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 16.0% and 26.4% for the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective income tax rates for the third quarter and nine-month periods of 2024 and 2023 were based on forecasted full-year effective income tax rates, adjusted for discrete items that occurred within the periods presented. The increase in our effective income tax rate for the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily driven by losses for which no tax benefit can be recognized and a reduction in the one-time tax benefit initially recognized in the second quarter of 2024 related to the legal entity reorganization in our European Transportation business, partially offset by a decrease in forecasted non-deductible executive compensation expense. The decrease in our effective income tax rate for the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily driven by a one-time tax benefit of $40 million associated with the legal entity reorganization in our European Transportation business and a reduced impact from forecasted non-deductible executive compensation expense as a result of higher pre-tax income in 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, partially offset by the impact of losses for which no tax benefit can be recognized.
We expect the legal entity reorganization to generate a net cash refund of approximately $45 million, to be received primarily in 2025.
Segment Financial Results
Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) regularly reviews financial information at the operating segment level to allocate resources to the segments and to assess their performance. Our CODM evaluates segment profit (loss) based on adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), which we define as income from continuing operations before debt extinguishment loss, interest expense, income tax provision, depreciation and amortization expense, transaction and integration costs, restructuring costs and other adjustments. Segment Adjusted EBITDA includes an allocation of corporate costs. See Note 2—Segment Reporting to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Income from continuing operations.
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North American Less-Than-Truckload Segment

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Percent of Revenue |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Percent of Revenue |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 vs. 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 vs. 2023
Revenue |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | $ | 1,228 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 1.9 | % |  | $ | 3,743 |  |  | $ | 3,484 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 7.4 | %
Adjusted EBITDA (1) |  | 284 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 22.7 | % |  | 19.6 | % |  | 17.8 | % |  | 836 |  |  | 631 |  |  | 22.3 | % |  | 18.1 | % |  | 32.5 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 89 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 7.1 | % |  | 6.1 | % |  | 18.7 | % |  | 257 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 6.9 | % |  | 6.1 | % |  | 20.1 | %

(1) Percent of Revenue is calculated using the underlying unrounded amounts.
Revenue in our North American LTL segment increased 1.9% to $1.3 billion for the third quarter of 2024, compared with $1.2 billion for the same quarter in 2023. Revenue increased 7.4% to $3.7 billion for the first nine months of 2024, compared with $3.5 billion for the same period in 2023. Revenue included fuel surcharge revenue of $195 million and $223 million, respectively, for the third quarters of 2024 and 2023, and $613 million and $636 million, respectively, for the first nine months of 2024 and 2023. The decrease in fuel surcharge revenue was primarily driven by lower diesel prices.
We evaluate the revenue performance of our LTL business using several commonly used metrics, including volume (weight per day in pounds) and yield, which is a commonly used measure of LTL pricing trends. We measure yield using gross revenue per hundredweight, excluding fuel surcharges. Impacts on yield can include weight per shipment and length of haul, among other factors, while impacts on volume can include shipments per day and weight per shipment. The following table summarizes our key revenue metrics:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change % |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change %
Pounds per day (thousands) |  | 69,470 |  |  | 72,257 |  |  | (3.9) | % |  | 70,950 |  |  | 70,465 |  |  | 0.7 | %
Shipments per day |  | 51,921 |  |  | 53,637 |  |  | (3.2) | % |  | 52,281 |  |  | 51,303 |  |  | 1.9 | %
Average weight per shipment (in pounds) |  | 1,338 |  |  | 1,347 |  |  | (0.7) | % |  | 1,357 |  |  | 1,374 |  |  | (1.2) | %
Gross revenue per hundredweight, excluding fuel surcharges |  | $ | 24.34 |  |  | $ | 22.81 |  |  | 6.7 | % |  | $ | 23.67 |  |  | $ | 21.84 |  |  | 8.4 | %

Percentages presented are calculated using the underlying unrounded amounts.
The year-over-year increase in revenue, excluding fuel surcharge revenue, for both the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 reflects higher yield, primarily related to our improvements in service quality and the benefit of numerous pricing initiatives, partially offset by lower volume in the third quarter of 2024. The decrease in volume per day for the third quarter of 2024 reflects lower shipments per day and average weight per shipment. Volume per day increased for the first nine months of 2024, reflecting higher shipments per day partially offset by lower average weight per shipment.
Adjusted EBITDA was $284 million, or 22.7% of revenue, for the third quarter of 2024, compared with $241 million, or 19.6% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2023. Adjusted EBITDA was $836 million, or 22.3% of revenue, for the first nine months of 2024, compared with $631 million, or 18.1% of revenue, for the same period in 2023. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 reflects lower purchased transportation, damage claims, and fuel costs, partially offset by higher salaries, wages and employee benefits and vehicular insurance costs.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $89 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared with $75 million for the same quarter in 2023. Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $257 million in the first nine months of 2024 compared with $214 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 was due to the impact of capital investments, in particular tractors and trailers, as well as service centers acquired in the Yellow Asset Acquisition.
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European Transportation Segment

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Percent of Revenue |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Percent of Revenue |  | Change
(Dollars in millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 vs. 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 vs. 2023
Revenue |  | $ | 803 |  |  | $ | 752 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 6.8 | % |  | $ | 2,407 |  |  | $ | 2,320 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 3.8 | %
Adjusted EBITDA (1) |  | 44 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 5.4 | % |  | 5.8 | % |  | — | % |  | 131 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 5.4 | % |  | 5.5 | % |  | 3.1 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 36 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 4.5 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  | 2.9 | % |  | 106 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 4.4 | % |  | 4.3 | % |  | 6.0 | %

(1) Percent of Revenue is calculated using the underlying unrounded amounts.
Revenue in our European Transportation segment increased 6.8% to $803 million for the third quarter of 2024, compared with $752 million for the same quarter in 2023. Revenue increased 3.8% to $2.4 billion for the first nine months of 2024, compared with $2.3 billion for the same period in 2023. Foreign currency movement increased revenue by approximately 0.1 percentage points in the third quarter of 2024 and by approximately 0.9 percentage points in the first nine months of 2024. The increase in revenue during both periods in 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023, after taking into effect the impact of foreign currency movement, primarily reflects higher volume and yield.
Adjusted EBITDA was $44 million, or 5.4% of revenue, for the third quarter of 2024, compared with $44 million, or 5.8% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2023. Adjusted EBITDA was $131 million, or 5.4% of revenue, for the first nine months of 2024, compared with $127 million, or 5.5% of revenue, for the same period in 2023. The change in Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue in both the third quarter and the first nine months of 2024 primarily reflects higher salaries, wages and employee benefits and purchased transportation, partially offset by lower fuel costs as a percentage of revenue.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash and cash equivalents balance was $378 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $412 million as of December 31, 2023. Our principal existing sources of cash are: (i) cash generated from operations; (ii) borrowings available under our Second Amended and Restated Revolving Loan Credit Agreement, as amended (the “ABL Facility”); and (iii) proceeds from the issuance of other debt. As of September 30, 2024, we have $556 million available to draw under our ABL Facility, based on a borrowing base of $557 million and outstanding letters of credit of less than $1 million. Additionally, we have a $200 million uncommitted secured evergreen letter of credit facility, under which we had issued $137 million in aggregate face amount of letters of credit as of September 30, 2024.
As of September 30, 2024, we had approximately $934 million of total liquidity. We continually evaluate our liquidity requirements in light of our operating needs, growth initiatives and capital resources. We believe that our existing liquidity and sources of capital are sufficient to support our operations over the next 12 months.
Trade Receivables Securitization and Factoring Programs
We sell certain of our trade accounts receivable on a non-recourse basis to third-party financial institutions under factoring agreements. We also sell trade accounts receivable under a securitization program for our European Transportation business. We use trade receivables securitization and factoring programs to help manage our cash flows and offset the impact of extended payment terms for some of our customers. For more information, see Note 1—Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The maximum amount of net cash proceeds available at any one time under our securitization program, inclusive of any unsecured borrowings, is €200 million (approximately $223 million as of September 30, 2024). As of September 30, 2024, the maximum amount available under the program was utilized. Under the securitization program, we service the receivables we sell on behalf of the purchasers. The program expires in July 2026.
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Term Loan Facility
In 2015, we entered into a Term Loan Credit Agreement that provided for a single borrowing of $1.6 billion, which was subsequently amended to increase the principal balance to $2.0 billion and to extend the maturity date to February 2025 (the “Existing Term Loan Facility”).
In the second quarter of 2023, we amended the Term Loan Credit Agreement to obtain $700 million of new term loans (the “New Term Loan Facility”) having substantially similar terms as the Existing Term Loan Facility, except with respect to maturity date, issue price, interest rate, prepayment premiums in connection with certain voluntary prepayments and certain other provisions. The New Term Loan Facility was issued at 99.5% of the face amount and will mature in May 2028.
In the same period, we used net proceeds from the New Term Loan Facility, the Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (as defined below) and the Senior Notes due 2031 (as defined below), together with cash on hand, to repay $2.0 billion of outstanding principal under the Existing Term Loan Facility and to pay related fees, expenses and accrued interest. We recorded a debt extinguishment loss of $23 million in the second quarter 2023 due to this repayment.
In the fourth quarter of 2023, we entered into an incremental amendment to the Term Loan Credit Agreement to obtain $400 million of incremental term loans (the “Incremental Term Loans”). The Incremental Term Loans are a new tranche of loans under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and will mature in February 2031.
The weighted average interest rate of our term loans was approximately 7.20% as of September 30, 2024.
Senior Notes Due 2028 and 2031
In the second quarter of 2023, we completed private placements of $830 million aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes due 2028 (the “Senior Secured Notes due 2028”) and $450 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2031 (the “Senior Notes due 2031”). The Senior Secured Notes due 2028 mature in June 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 6.25% per annum. The Senior Notes due 2031 mature in June 2031 and bear interest at a rate of 7.125% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears and commenced December 1, 2023. These notes were issued at par and were used to repay our Existing Term Loan Facility as described above.
Loan Covenants and Compliance
As of September 30, 2024, we were in compliance with the covenants and other provisions of our debt agreements. Any failure to comply with any material provision or covenant of these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operations.
Sources and Uses of Cash

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations |  | $ | 619 |  |  | $ | 443 |
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations |  | (598) |  |  | (473) |
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations |  | (59) |  |  | (72) |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we generated cash from operating activities from continuing operations of $619 million. We used cash during the period primarily to: (i) purchase property and equipment of $623 million; (ii) make payments on debt and finance leases of $64 million; and (iii) make payments of $21 million related to tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted shares.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we: (i) generated cash from operating activities from continuing operations of $443 million; and (ii) received net proceeds of $2.0 billion from the issuance of debt. We used cash during this period primarily to: (i) purchase property and equipment of $494 million; and (ii) repurchase our Existing Term Loan Facility for $2.0 billion.
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Cash flows from operating activities from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $176 million, compared with the same period in 2023. The increase primarily reflects: (i) higher income from continuing operations of $178 million and (ii) higher non-cash depreciation and amortization of $47 million, that is added back in the determination of operating cash flows. These items were partially offset by the impact of operating assets and liabilities utilizing $166 million of cash in the first nine months of 2024, compared with utilizing $133 million during the same period in 2023.
Investing activities from continuing operations used $598 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $473 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we used $623 million to purchase property and equipment, as compared to a $494 million usage of cash in the same period in 2023. The increase reflects our continued investment to support our long-term growth targets.
Financing activities from continuing operations used $59 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $72 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The primary use of cash from financing activities during the first nine months of 2024 was $64 million used to repay borrowings, primarily related to finance lease obligations, and $21 million to make payments for tax withholdings on restricted shares. The primary uses of cash from financing activities during the first nine months of 2023 was $2.0 billion used to repay our Existing Term Loan Facility. The primary source of cash from financing activities during the first nine months of 2024 was $32 million of proceeds from bank overdrafts. The primary source of cash from financing activities during the first nine months of 2023 was $2.0 billion of net proceeds from the issuance of debt.
There were no material changes to our December 31, 2023 contractual obligations during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. We anticipate full year gross capital expenditures to be between $700 million and $800 million in 2024, funded by cash on hand, cash generated from operations and available liquidity. This includes capital expenditures to integrate the service centers acquired in the Yellow Asset Acquisition into our network.
New Accounting Standards
Information related to new accounting standards is included in Note 1—Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. There have been no material changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared with the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk described in our 2023 Form 10-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of September 30, 2024. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024, such that the information required to be included in our Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) reports is: (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms relating to the Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries; and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II—Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
For information related to our legal proceedings, refer to “Legal Proceedings” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, and Note 9—Commitments and Contingencies of Item 1, “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There are no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number |  | Description
10.1 |  | Amendment No. 8 to Second Amended and Restated Revolving Loan Credit Agreement, dated July 22, 2024, by and among the registrant and certain subsidiaries signatory thereto, the lenders party thereto and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 1, 2024).
10.2* |  | XPO, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended and restated on October 29, 2024.
31.1* |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024.
31.2* |  | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended Se ptember 30, 2024.
32.1** |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024.
32.2** |  | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024.
101.INS * |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH * |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL * |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF * |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB * |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE * |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104 * |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* |  | Filed herewith.
** |  | Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| XPO, INC.
By: | /s/ Mario Harik
| Mario Harik
| Chief Executive Officer
| (Principal Executive Officer)
By: | /s/ Kyle Wismans
| Kyle Wismans
| Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial Officer)

Date: October 30, 2024
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