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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 26, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Description of Business Kratos is a government contractor at the forefront of the U.S. Department of Defense’s (the “DoD”) recapitalization of strategic weapon systems to address peer and near peer threats and its related Rapid Innovation Initiatives. Kratos is a leading technology, intellectual property, proprietary product and system company focused on the U.S. and its allies’ national security. Kratos is a recognized industry leader in the rapid development, demonstration and fielding of disruptive, transformative and high technology systems and products at an affordable cost. At Kratos, affordability is a technology. Kratos’ primary focus areas are unmanned systems, space and satellite communications, microwave electronics, cybersecurity/warfare, rocket, hypersonic and missile defense systems, turbine technologies, and Command, Control, Communication, Computing, Combat, Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Systems and training systems. The Company believes that its technology, intellectual property, proprietary products and designed-in positions on its customers’ programs, platforms and systems, and the ability to rapidly develop, demonstrate and field affordable leading technology systems is a competitive advantage. The Company believes that its past performance qualifications and demonstrated ability to meet or exceed its customers’ demanding requirements creates a high barrier to entry to the markets in which it operates. The Company’s work force is primarily engineering and technically oriented, highly skilled with a significant number holding national security clearances. The Company’s entire organization is focused on executing its strategy of being the leading technology and intellectual property based company in its industry. The Company conducts most of its business with the U.S. Government (which includes foreign military sales) and performs work as the prime contractor, subcontractor, or preferred supplier. The Company also conducts business with local, state, and foreign governments and domestic and international commercial customers. The Company operates in two reportable segments. The Kratos Government Solutions (“KGS”) reportable segment is comprised of an aggregation of KGS operating segments, including its microwave electronic products, space, satellite, training and cybersecurity, C5ISR/modular systems, turbine technologies and defense and rocket support services operating segments. The Unmanned Systems (“US”) reportable segment consists of its unmanned aerial system and unmanned ground and seaborne system products. The Public Safety & Security (“PSS”) reportable segment (which was divested in June 2018 and has been classified as discontinued operations - see Note 9 of these notes to the consolidated financial statements) previously provided independent integrated solutions for advanced homeland security, public safety, critical infrastructure, and security and surveillance systems for government and commercial applications. The Company organizes its operating segments based primarily on the nature of the products, solutions and services offered. Transactions between segments are negotiated and accounted for under terms and conditions similar to other government and commercial contracts, and these intercompany transactions are eliminated in consolidation. For additional information regarding the Company’s operating segments, see Note 14 of these notes to consolidated financial statements. (b) Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Kratos and its majority owned subsidiaries, for which all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. (c) Fiscal Year The Company has a 52/53 week fiscal year ending on the last Sunday of the calendar year, with interim fiscal periods ending on the last Sunday of each calendar quarter. There were 52 calendar weeks in the fiscal years ending on December 26, 2021 and December 27, 2020 and December 29, 2019. (d) Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include revenue recognition, valuation of long-lived assets including identifiable intangibles and goodwill, accounting for income taxes including the related valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset and uncertain tax positions, contingencies and litigation, contingent acquisition consideration, and stock-based compensation. In the future, the Company may realize actual results that differ from the current reported estimates and if the estimates that the Company has used change in the future, such changes could have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. (e) Revenue Recognition Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and the related amendments, which are codified into Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 (“ASC 606”). To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Once the contract is identified and determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account under ASC 606. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected-cost-plus-margin approach, under which the Company forecasts the expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then adds an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. For the majority of contracts, the Company satisfies the underlying performance obligations over time as the customer obtains control or receives benefits as work is performed on the contract. The Company generally recognizes revenue over time as work is performed on long-term contracts because of continuous transfer of control to the customer. For U.S. government contracts, this continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process. Similarly, for non-U.S. government contracts, the customer typically controls the work in process as evidenced either by contractual termination clauses or by our rights to payment of the transaction price associated with work performed to date on products or services that do not have an alternative use to the Company. As a result, under ASC 606 revenue is recognized over time using the cost-to-cost method (cost incurred relative to total estimated cost at completion). Remaining Performance Obligations Revenues from remaining performance obligations are calculated as the dollar value of the remaining performance obligations on executed contracts. On December 26, 2021, the Company had approximately $953.9 million of remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize approximately 51.0% of the remaining performance obligations as revenue in 2022, an additional 19.0% in 2023, and the balance thereafter. Contract Estimates Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many performance obligations, the estimation of total cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. On a quarterly basis, the Company conducts its contract cost Estimate at Completion (“EAC”) process by reviewing the progress and execution of outstanding performance obligations within its contracts. As part of this process, management reviews information including, but not limited to, any outstanding key contract matters, progress towards completion and the related program schedule, identified risks and opportunities and the related changes in estimates of revenues and costs. The risks and opportunities include management’s judgment about the ability and cost to achieve the schedule (e.g., the number and type of milestone events), technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product) and other contract requirements. Management must make assumptions and estimates regarding labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, the length of time to complete the performance obligation (e.g., to estimate increases in wages and prices for materials and related support cost allocations), execution by subcontractors, the availability and timing of funding from customers and overhead cost rates, among other variables. In addition, certain of the Company’s long-term contracts contain award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets and can be based upon customer discretion. Variable consideration is estimated at the most likely amount to which the Company is expected to be entitled. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications are considered to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Most of the Company’s contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price, and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. As a result of the EAC process, any quarterly adjustments to revenues, cost of sales, and the related impact to operating income are recognized as necessary in the period they become known. These adjustments may result from positive program performance, and may result in an increase in operating income during the performance of individual performance obligations, if it is determined the Company will be successful in mitigating risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of those performance obligations or realizing related opportunities. Likewise, these adjustments may result in a decrease in operating income if it is determined the Company will not be successful in mitigating these risks or realizing related opportunities. Changes in estimates of net sales, cost of sales and the related impact to operating income are recognized quarterly on a cumulative catch-up basis, which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of the Company’s contracts. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a performance obligation exceed total estimates of revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the performance obligation is recognized in the period the loss is determined. For the year ended December 26, 2021 the Company recorded a $6.9 million favorable EAC adjustment on one of its long-term government contracts. No other cumulative catch-up adjustment on any one contract was material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 26, 2021, December 27, 2020 and December 29, 2019. Likewise, other than the impact of the adjustment for the one contract in the year ended December 26, 2021, total cumulative catch-up adjustments were not material for the years ended December 26, 2021, December 27, 2020 and December 29, 2019. As of December 26, 2021 and December 27, 2020, accrued expenses included the accrual for losses on contracts of $2.8 million and $3.6 million, respectively. Contract Assets and Liabilities For each of the Company’s contracts, the timing of revenue recognition, customer billings, and cash collections results in a net contract asset or liability at the end of each reporting period. Fixed-price contracts are typically billed to the customer either using progress payments, whereby amounts are billed monthly as costs are incurred or work is completed, or performance based payments, which are based upon the achievement of specific, measurable events or accomplishments defined and valued at contract inception. Cost-type contracts are typically billed to the customer on a monthly or semi-monthly basis. Contract assets consist of unbilled receivables, primarily related to long-term contracts where revenue recognized under the cost-to-cost method exceeds amounts billed to customers. Unbilled receivables are classified as current assets and, in accordance with industry practice, include amounts that may be billed and collected beyond one year due to the long term nature of many of the Company’s contracts. Accumulated contract costs in unbilled receivables include direct production costs, factory and engineering overhead, production tooling costs, and, for government contracts, recovery of allowable general and administrative expenses. Unbilled receivables also include certain estimates of variable consideration described above. The Company’s contracts that give rise to contract assets are not considered to include a significant financing component as the payment terms are intended to protect the customer in the event the Company does not perform on its obligations under the contract. Contract liabilities include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Certain customers make advance payments prior to the satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligations on the contract. These amounts are recorded as contract liabilities until such performance obligations are satisfied, either over time as costs are incurred or at a point in time when deliveries are made. The Company’s contracts that give rise to contract liabilities do not include a significant financing component as the underlying advance payments received are generally utilized to pay for contract costs within a one-year period or are used to ensure the customer meets contractual requirements. Net contract assets and liabilities are as follows (in millions):
| December 26, 2021 |  | December 27, 2020 |  | Net Change
Contract assets | $ | 190.8 |  |  | $ | 177.0 |  |  | $ | 13.8 |
Contract liabilities | $ | 58.1 |  |  | $ | 34.0 |  |  | $ | 24.1 |
Net contract assets | $ | 132.7 |  |  | $ | 143.0 |  |  | $ | (10.3) |
The change in the balances of the Company’s contract assets and liabilities primarily results from timing differences between revenue recognition and customer billings and/or payments. Contract assets increased $13.8 million during the year ended December 26, 2021, primarily due to the recognition of revenue related to the satisfaction or partial satisfaction of performance obligations for which the Company has not yet billed the customers. There were no significant impairment losses related to any receivables or contract assets arising from the Company’s contracts with customers during the year ended December 26, 2021. Contract liabilities increased $24.1 million during the year ended December 26, 2021, primarily due to payments received in excess of revenue recognized on these performance obligations. For the years ended December 26, 2021 and December 27, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $27.1 million and $26.2 million, respectively, that was previously included in the beginning balance of contract liabilities. In November 2019, a large training solutions program was terminated for convenience (“T for C”) by the customer. Under a T for C, a contractor is entitled to seek specified costs through a termination settlement process including (1) the contract price for completed supplies and services accepted by the government but not previously paid for; (2) the cost incurred in the performance of work terminated plus a reasonable profit on those costs; and (3) its costs incurred in settling with subcontractors and preparing and settling the termination proposal. Under a T for C, the Company would not be able to collect the total withheld amounts until the settlement terms of the T for C have been negotiated and agreed to with the customer. At December 26, 2021, approximately $8.2 million in unbilled receivables is outstanding on this project. In addition, the Company is currently in dispute with an international customer in the US segment over approximately $10.0 million in unbilled receivables outstanding as of December 26, 2021. The dispute concerns the completion of system requirements and contractual milestones. The Company alleges breach of contract, as well as other claims against the customer, and seeks damages and other equitable relief. The customer has asserted counterclaims seeking liquidated damages and additional relief. Management has evaluated the present facts of the matters and performed a reassessment of the contractual amounts due, as well as the claims asserted by each of the parties, and have determined that no adjustment to previously recognized revenue, or the corresponding unbilled receivables, is necessary at December 26, 2021. Disaggregation of Revenue The following series of tables presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by several categories. For the majority of contracts, revenue is recognized over time as work is performed on the contract. Revenue by contract type was as follows (in millions):
| Year Ended December 26, 2021 |  | Year Ended December 27, 2020
Kratos Government Solutions |  |  |
Fixed price | $ | 447.3 |  |  | $ | 437.6 |
Cost plus fee | 96.9 |  |  | 89.1 |
Time and materials | 35.4 |  |  | 34.0 |
Total Kratos Government Solutions | 579.6 |  |  | 560.7 |
Unmanned Systems |  |  |
Fixed price | 151.4 |  |  | 126.9 |
Cost plus fee | 78.1 |  |  | 57.1 |
Time and materials | 2.4 |  |  | 3.0 |
Total Unmanned Systems | 231.9 |  |  | 187.0 |
Total Revenues | $ | 811.5 |  |  | $ | 747.7 |
Revenue by customer was as follows (in millions):
| Year Ended December 26, 2021 |  | Year Ended December 27, 2020
Kratos Government Solutions |  |  |
U.S. Government (1) | $ | 359.7 |  |  | $ | 375.9 |
International (2) | 151.5 |  |  | 123.8 |
U.S. Commercial and other customers | 68.4 |  |  | 61.0 |
Total Kratos Government Solutions | 579.6 |  |  | 560.7 |
Unmanned Systems |  |  |
U.S. Government (1) | 211.4 |  |  | 170.5 |
International (2) | 18.3 |  |  | 15.7 |
U.S. Commercial and other customers | 2.2 |  |  | 0.8 |
Total Unmanned Systems | 231.9 |  |  | 187.0 |
Total Revenues | $ | 811.5 |  |  | $ | 747.7 |
(1) Sales to the U.S. Government include sales from contracts for which the Company is the prime contractor, as well as those for which the Company is a subcontractor and the ultimate customer is the U.S. Government. Each of the Company’s segments derives substantial revenue from the U.S. Government. These sales include foreign military sales contracted through the U.S. Government. (2) International sales include sales from contracts for which the Company is the prime contractor, as well as those for which the Company is a subcontractor and the ultimate customer is an international customer. These sales include direct sales with governments outside the U.S. and commercial sales with customers outside the U.S. For federal contracts, the Company follows U.S. Government procurement and accounting standards in assessing the allowability and the allocability of costs to contracts. Recurring evaluations of contract cost, scheduling and technical matters are performed by management. Costs incurred and allocated to contracts with the U.S. Government are scrutinized for compliance with regulatory standards by the Company’s personnel, and are subject to audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency (“DCAA”). From time to time, the Company may proceed with work based on customer direction prior to the completion and signing of formal contract documents. The Company has a formal review process for approving any such work. Revenue associated with such work is recognized only when the criteria to establish a contract under ASC 606 are met and the obligations under the contract are legally enforceable. As of December 26, 2021 and December 27, 2020, approximately $2.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of the Company’s unbilled accounts receivable balance were under an authorization to proceed or work order from its customers where a formal purchase order had not yet been received. (f) Inventoried costs Inventoried costs are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Cost is determined using the average cost or first-in, first-out methods and the applicable method is applied consistently within an operating entity. The Company capitalizes labor, material, subcontractor and overhead costs as work-in-process for contracts where control has not yet passed to the customer. In addition, the Company capitalizes costs incurred to fulfill a contract in advance of contract award in inventories as work-in-process if it is determined that contract award is probable. Pursuant to contract provisions of U.S. Government contracts, such customers may have title to, or a security interest in inventories related to such contracts as a result of advances, performance-based payments, and progress payments. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with its suppliers, and the estimated utility of its inventory. If the Company’s review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value, it reduces its inventory to a new cost basis. (g) Research and Development Costs incurred in research and development activities are expensed as incurred in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 730, Research and Development. (h) Income Taxes The Company records deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company maintains a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of these tax assets in future tax periods. The valuation allowance is based on estimates of future taxable income by tax jurisdiction in which the Company operates, the number of years over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable, and scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities. In accordance with the recognition standards established by ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“Topic 740”), the Company makes a comprehensive review of its portfolio of uncertain tax positions regularly. In this regard, an uncertain tax position represents the Company’s expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return, or planned to be taken in a future tax return or claim, which has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. Until these positions are sustained by the taxing authorities, the Company has not recognized the tax benefits resulting from such positions and reports the tax effects as a liability for uncertain tax positions in its consolidated balance sheets. (i) Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. All of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans are considered equity plans under Topic 718, and compensation expense recognized is net of estimated forfeitures over the vesting period. The Company issues stock options and stock awards under its existing plans. The fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model or a trinomial lattice options pricing model and is expensed on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting period of the options, which is generally six or less years. The fair value of stock awards is determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and is adjusted at each reporting date based on the amount of shares ultimately expected to vest. Compensation expense for stock awards is expensed over the vesting period, usually five to ten years. Compensation expense for stock issued under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan is estimated at the beginning date of the offering period using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is expensed on a straight-line basis over the period of the offering, which is generally six months. When tax deductions from stock options and awards are greater than the cumulative book compensation expense, the tax effect of the resulting difference is a windfall. For the year ended December 26, 2021, an income tax benefit of $2.4 million was recorded for windfalls generated from stock options and awards exercised in 2021. For the year ended December 27, 2020, an income tax benefit of $1.0 million was recorded for windfalls generated from stock options and awards exercised in 2020. For the tax year ended December 29, 2019, an income tax benefit of $2.1 million was recorded for windfalls generated from stock options and awards exercised in 2019. The following table shows the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements for stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, stock awards and stock offered under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan (in millions).
| Year ended December 26, 2021 |  | Year ended December 27, 2020 |  | Year ended December 29, 2019
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 25.8 |  |  | $ | 21.0 |  |  | $ | 11.0 |
Total cost of employee stock-based compensation included in operating income from continuing operations | $ | 25.8 |  |  | $ | 21.0 |  |  | $ | 11.0 |
(j) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments, which results in bad debt expense. Management determines the adequacy of this allowance by periodically evaluating the comprehensive risk profiles of all individual customer receivable balances including, but not limited to, the customer’s financial condition, credit agency reports, financial statements and overall current economic conditions. Additionally, on certain contracts whereby the Company performs services for a prime/general contractor, a specified percentage of the invoiced trade accounts receivable may be retained by the customer until the project is completed. The Company periodically reviews all retainages for collectability and records allowances for doubtful accounts when deemed appropriate, based on its assessment of the associated credit risks. Changes to estimates of contract value are recorded as adjustments to revenue and not as a component of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Individual accounts receivable are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts when the Company becomes aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligation, and all collection efforts are exhausted. The following table outlines the balance of the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for 2021, 2020 and 2019. The table identifies the additional provisions each year as well as the write-offs that utilized the allowance (in millions).
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Balance at Beginning of Year |  | Provisions |  | Write-offs/ Recoveries |  | Balance at End of Year
Year ended December 29, 2019 | $ | 2.3 |  |  | $ | (0.2) |  |  | $ | (0.2) |  |  | $ | 1.9 |
Year ended December 27, 2020 | $ | 1.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.1) |  |  | $ | 1.8 |
Year ended December 26, 2021 | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | (0.2) |  |  | $ | (1.2) |  |  | $ | 0.4 |
(k) Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company’s cash equivalents consist of its highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased by the Company. The Company had restricted cash accounts of approximately $0.0 million at December 26, 2021 and $0.7 million restricted cash accounts at December 27, 2020. As of December 27, 2020, restricted cash consisted of funds being held pending the settlement of net working capital adjustments associated with acquisitions. (l) Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net owned by the Company is depreciated over the estimated useful lives of individual assets. Equipment acquired under capital leases are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Improvements, which significantly improve and extend the useful life of an asset, are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of the lease period or the estimated useful life. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Assets are depreciated predominately using the straight-line method, with the following lives:
| Years
Buildings and improvements | 15 – 39
Machinery and equipment | 3 – 20
Computer equipment and software | 1 – 10
Vehicles, furniture, and office equipment | 5
Leasehold improvements | Shorter of useful life or length of lease
(m) Leases The Company leases certain facilities, office space, vehicles and equipment. Lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement of an arrangement where it is determined at inception that a lease exists. Lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. These assets and liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term calculated using an incremental borrowing rate generally applicable to the location of the lease asset, unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. Lease assets also include any upfront lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that those options will be exercised. The Company has operating lease arrangements with lease and non-lease components. The non-lease components in these arrangements are not significant when compared to the lease components. For all operating leases, the Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single component.in the calculation of the lease asset and corresponding liability. Variable lease payments are generally expensed as incurred. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the expense for these short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The depreciable life of lease assets and leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. See Note 6 for additional disclosures related to the Company’s lease obligations. (n) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net In accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (“Topic 350”), the Company performs impairment tests for goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles as of the last day of its fiscal October, or when evidence of potential impairment exists. When it is determined that impairment has occurred, a charge to operations is recorded. Goodwill and other purchased intangible asset balances are included in the identifiable assets of the operating segment to which they have been assigned. Any goodwill impairment, as well as the amortization of other purchased intangible assets, is charged against the respective segments’ operating income. In accordance with Topic 350, the Company classifies intangible assets into two categories: (1) intangible assets with finite lives subject to amortization and (2) intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization. Separately, the Company tests intangible assets with finite lives for impairment if conditions exist that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Such conditions may include an economic downturn in a geographic market or a change in the assessment of future operations. The Company records an impairment charge when the carrying value of the finite lived intangible asset is not recoverable by the cash flows generated from the use of the asset. The Company determines the useful lives of identifiable intangible assets after considering the specific facts and circumstances related to each intangible asset. Factors considered when determining useful lives include the contractual term of any agreement, the history of the asset, the Company’s long-term strategy for the use of the asset, any laws or other local regulations that could impact the useful life of the asset, and other economic factors, including competition and specific market conditions. Intangible assets that are deemed to have finite lives are amortized, generally on a straight-line basis, over their useful lives, ranging from one to 15 years. (o) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to future net cash flows (undiscounted and without interest) expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. (p) Fair Value of Financial Instruments ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires that fair values be disclosed for the Company’s financial instruments. The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, billings in excess of costs and earnings on uncompleted contracts, and income taxes payable, approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is based upon quoted market prices. (q) Concentrations and Uncertainties The Company maintains cash balances at various financial institutions and such balances commonly exceed the $250,000 insured amount by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to such cash and cash equivalents. Financial instruments, which subject the Company to potential concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of the Company’s billed and unbilled accounts receivable. The Company’s accounts receivable result from sales to customers within the U.S. Government, state and local agencies and with commercial customers in various industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its commercial customers. Credit is extended based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. See Note 13 for a discussion of the Company’s significant customers. (r) Debt Issuance Costs Fees paid to obtain debt financing and revolving credit facilities or amendments under such debt financing and revolving credit facilities are treated as debt issuance costs and are capitalized and amortized over the expected term of the related debt or revolving credit facility and are shown as a financing activity in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Issuance costs related to debt are presented in the consolidated balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the associated debt liability. Issuance costs related to a revolving credit facility are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. (s) Interest Expense, Net Interest expense, net is summarized in the following table (in millions):
| Year ended December 26, 2021 |  | Year ended December 27, 2020 |  | Year ended December 29, 2019
Interest expense incurred primarily on the Senior Secured Notes | $ | (23.7) |  |  | $ | (23.6) |  |  | $ | (23.5) |
Miscellaneous interest income | 0.3 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 1.9 |
Interest expense, net | $ | (23.4) |  |  | $ | (22.8) |  |  | $ | (21.6) |
(t) Foreign Currency For operations outside the U.S. that prepare financial statements in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, and assets and liabilities are generally translated at end-of-period exchange rates. Translation adjustments are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The Company transacts with foreign customers in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. It experiences realized and unrealized foreign currency gains or losses on foreign denominated receivables. In addition, certain intercompany transactions give rise to realized and unrealized foreign currency gains or losses. Also, any other transactions between the Company or its subsidiaries and a third-party, denominated in a currency different from the functional currency, are foreign currency transactions. The aggregate foreign currency transaction gain (loss) included in determining net income (loss) for the years ended December 26, 2021, December 27, 2020, and December 29, 2019 was approximately $(0.8) million, $0.0 million, and $(1.1) million, respectively, which is included in other income (expense), net on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. (u) Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 (“ASU 2016-13”), Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The main objective of this update is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. To achieve this objective, the amendments in this update replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has adopted ASU 2016-13 effective December 30, 2019. The implementation of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 (“ASU 2021-08”), Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires entities to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The update will generally result in an entity recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at amounts consistent with those recorded by the acquiree immediately before the acquisition date rather than at fair value. The new standard is effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company has adopted the new standard effective December 26, 2021. The adoption of the new standard did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122149 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197479 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134479 + Details
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