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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission file number 000-08408

WOODWARD, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 36-1984010
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1081 Woodward Way, Fort Collins, Colorado |  | 80524
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(970) 482-5811
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001455 per share | WWD | NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☒ Accelerated Filer ☐ Non-accelerated Filer ☐ Smaller Reporting Company ☐

Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of February 3, 2025, 59,359,883 shares of the registrant’s common stock with a par value of $0.001455 per share were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  |  | Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  | 1
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings |  | 1
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings |  | 2
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity |  | 5
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 6
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 26
|  | Forward Looking Statements |  | 26
|  | Overview |  | 27
|  | Results of Operations |  | 28
|  | Liquidity and Capital Resources |  | 31
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 35
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 36
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 36
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 36
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 36
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 37
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 37
|  | Signatures |  | 38

PART I – FINANCI AL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financi al Statements

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net sales |  | $ | 772,725 |  |  | $ | 786,730 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold |  |  | 583,091 |  |  |  | 582,381 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 69,696 |  |  |  | 74,511 |
Research and development costs |  |  | 30,207 |  |  |  | 30,794 |
Interest expense |  |  | 12,341 |  |  |  | 11,436 |
Interest income |  |  | (1,377 | ) |  |  | (1,473 | )
Other (income) expense, net |  |  | (23,087 | ) |  |  | (20,639 | )
Total costs and expenses |  |  | 670,871 |  |  |  | 677,010 |
Earnings before income taxes |  |  | 101,854 |  |  |  | 109,720 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 14,763 |  |  |  | 19,676 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  | $ | 90,044 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.50 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 1.42 |  |  | $ | 1.46 |
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 59,216 |  |  |  | 60,021 |
Diluted |  |  | 61,141 |  |  |  | 61,846 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATE MENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  | $ | 90,044 |
Other comprehensive earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | (36,884 | ) |  |  | 23,841 |
Net gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions designated as hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries |  |  | 3,063 |  |  |  | (1,866 | )
Taxes on changes in foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | 436 |  |  |  | (287 | )
Foreign currency translation and transactions adjustments, net of tax |  |  | (33,385 | ) |  |  | 21,688 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on fair value adjustment of derivative instruments |  |  | 20,368 |  |  |  | (18,510 | )
Reclassification of net realized (gain) loss on derivatives to earnings |  |  | (27,683 | ) |  |  | 17,899 |
Derivative adjustments, net of tax |  |  | (7,315 | ) |  |  | (611 | )
Amortization of pension and other postretirement plan: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net prior service cost |  |  | 197 |  |  |  | 180 |
Net (gain) |  |  | (167 | ) |  |  | (250 | )
Foreign currency exchange rate changes on pension and other postretirement benefit plan liabilities |  |  | (326 | ) |  |  | 322 |
Taxes on changes in pension and other postretirement benefit plan liability adjustments, net of foreign currency exchange rate changes |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | (42 | )
Pension and other postretirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax |  |  | (311 | ) |  |  | 210 |
Total comprehensive earnings |  | $ | 46,080 |  |  | $ | 111,331 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

2

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATE D BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

|  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2024 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 283,726 |  |  | $ | 282,270 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for uncollectible amounts of $7,793 and $7,738, respectively |  |  | 692,599 |  |  |  | 770,066 |
Inventories |  |  | 632,002 |  |  |  | 609,092 |
Income taxes receivable |  |  | 16,268 |  |  |  | 22,016 |
Assets held for sale |  |  | 32,047 |  |  |  | — |
Other current assets |  |  | 67,954 |  |  |  | 60,167 |
Total current assets |  |  | 1,724,596 |  |  |  | 1,743,611 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 925,471 |  |  |  | 940,715 |
Goodwill |  |  | 781,928 |  |  |  | 806,643 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 404,417 |  |  |  | 440,419 |
Deferred income tax assets |  |  | 87,488 |  |  |  | 84,392 |
Other assets |  |  | 357,482 |  |  |  | 353,135 |
Total assets |  | $ | 4,281,382 |  |  | $ | 4,368,915 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt |  | $ | 258,000 |  |  | $ | 217,000 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 160,975 |  |  |  | 85,719 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 224,035 |  |  |  | 287,457 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 38,742 |  |  |  | 40,692 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 228,748 |  |  |  | 292,642 |
Liabilities held for sale |  |  | 4,322 |  |  |  | — |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 914,822 |  |  |  | 923,510 |
Long-term debt, less current portion |  |  | 483,199 |  |  |  | 569,751 |
Deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | 115,984 |  |  |  | 121,858 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 558,956 |  |  |  | 577,380 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 2,072,961 |  |  |  | 2,192,499 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 22) |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $0.003 per share, 10,000 shares authorized, no shares issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $0.001455 per share, 150,000 shares authorized, 72,960 shares issued |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 106 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 414,175 |  |  |  | 396,554 |
Accumulated other comprehensive losses |  |  | (73,709 | ) |  |  | (32,698 | )
Deferred compensation |  |  | 1,752 |  |  |  | 2,662 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 3,295,569 |  |  |  | 3,223,259 |
|  |  | 3,637,893 |  |  |  | 3,589,883 |
Treasury stock at cost, 13,607 shares and 13,787 shares, respectively |  |  | (1,427,720 | ) |  |  | (1,410,805 | )
Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, at cost, 31 shares and, 45 shares, respectively |  |  | (1,752 | ) |  |  | (2,662 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 2,208,421 |  |  |  | 2,176,416 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 4,281,382 |  |  | $ | 4,368,915 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

3

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STAT EMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  | $ | 90,044 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 27,876 |  |  |  | 28,825 |
Net gain on sales of assets and businesses |  |  | (9,243 | ) |  |  | (9 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 6,666 |  |  |  | 4,937 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (1,504 | ) |  |  | 44 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable |  |  | 83,511 |  |  |  | 6,430 |
Unbilled receivables (contract assets) |  |  | (16,667 | ) |  |  | (27,154 | )
Costs to fulfill a contract |  |  | (3,076 | ) |  |  | (1,580 | )
Inventories |  |  | (49,514 | ) |  |  | (36,383 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | (94,647 | ) |  |  | (31,654 | )
Contract liabilities |  |  | (4,352 | ) |  |  | 7,502 |
Income taxes |  |  | 6,356 |  |  |  | 8,766 |
Retirement benefit obligations |  |  | (840 | ) |  |  | (434 | )
Other |  |  | 2,859 |  |  |  | (2,545 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 34,516 |  |  |  | 46,789 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Payments for purchase of property, plant, and equipment |  |  | (33,574 | ) |  |  | (41,812 | )
Proceeds from sale of assets and short-term investments |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 36 |
Proceeds from business divestiture |  |  | 1,438 |  |  |  | — |
Net cash (used in) investing activities |  |  | (32,100 | ) |  |  | (41,776 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividends paid |  |  | (14,781 | ) |  |  | (13,209 | )
Proceeds from sales of treasury stock |  |  | 28,876 |  |  |  | 15,267 |
Payments for repurchases of common stock |  |  | (35,473 | ) |  |  | — |
Borrowings on revolving lines of credit and short-term borrowings |  |  | 668,300 |  |  |  | 728,600 |
Payments on revolving lines of credit and short-term borrowings |  |  | (627,300 | ) |  |  | (663,500 | )
Payments of long-term debt and finance lease obligations |  |  | (236 | ) |  |  | (75,249 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | 19,386 |  |  |  | (8,091 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (20,346 | ) |  |  | 9,979 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 1,456 |  |  |  | 6,901 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  |  | 282,270 |  |  |  | 137,447 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 283,726 |  |  | $ | 144,348 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

4

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATE MENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

| Stockholders' equity |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Common stock |  |  | Additional paid-in capital |  |  | Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | Unrealized derivative gains (losses) |  |  | Minimum retirement benefit liability adjustments |  |  | Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings |  |  | Deferred compensation |  |  | Retained earnings |  |  | Treasury stock at cost |  |  | Treasury stock held for deferred compensation |  |  | Total stockholders' equity |
Balances as of September 30, 2023 | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 327,941 |  |  | $ | (67,393 | ) |  | $ | (9,719 | ) |  | $ | 6,441 |  |  | $ | (70,671 | ) |  | $ | 2,776 |  |  | $ | 2,908,574 |  |  | $ | (1,094,961 | ) |  | $ | (2,776 | ) |  | $ | 2,070,989 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 90,044 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 90,044 |
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,688 |  |  |  | (611 | ) |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | 21,287 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,287 |
Cash dividends paid ($0.22 per share) |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,209 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,209 | )
Sales of treasury stock |  | — |  |  |  | 4,160 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,854 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 6,014 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  |  | 4,937 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,937 |
Purchases of stock by deferred compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | — |
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 241 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (241 | ) |  |  | — |
Balances as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 337,038 |  |  | $ | (45,705 | ) |  | $ | (10,330 | ) |  | $ | 6,651 |  |  | $ | (49,384 | ) |  | $ | 3,049 |  |  | $ | 2,985,409 |  |  | $ | (1,083,107 | ) |  | $ | (3,049 | ) |  | $ | 2,190,062 |
Balances as of September 30, 2024 | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 396,554 |  |  | $ | (39,129 | ) |  | $ | (5,177 | ) |  | $ | 11,608 |  |  | $ | (32,698 | ) |  | $ | 2,662 |  |  | $ | 3,223,259 |  |  | $ | (1,410,805 | ) |  | $ | (2,662 | ) |  | $ | 2,176,416 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 87,091 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 87,091 |
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (33,385 | ) |  |  | (7,315 | ) |  |  | (311 | ) |  |  | (41,011 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (41,011 | )
Cash dividends paid ($0.25 per share) |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (14,781 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (14,781 | )
Purchases of treasury stock |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (35,473 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (35,473 | )
Sales of treasury stock |  | — |  |  |  | 10,340 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,319 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,659 |
Common shares issued for benefit plans |  | — |  |  |  | 615 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 854 |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  |  | 6,666 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,666 |
Purchases of stock by deferred compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | — |
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (958 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 958 |  |  |  | — |
Balances as of December 31, 2024 | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 414,175 |  |  | $ | (72,514 | ) |  | $ | (12,492 | ) |  | $ | 11,297 |  |  | $ | (73,709 | ) |  | $ | 1,752 |  |  | $ | 3,295,569 |  |  | $ | (1,427,720 | ) |  | $ | (1,752 | ) |  | $ | 2,208,421 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

5

WOODWARD, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDA TED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Woodward, Inc. (“Woodward” or the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, included herein, have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly Woodward’s financial position as of December 31, 2024, and the statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, cash flows, and changes in stockholders’ equity for the periods presented herein. The results of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for other interim periods or for the full fiscal year. Dollar and share amounts contained in these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted.

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Woodward’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and other financial information filed with the SEC.

Management is required to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, the reported revenues and expenses recognized during the reporting period, and certain financial statement disclosures, in the preparation of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. Significant estimates in these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include allowances for credit losses; net realizable value of inventories; variable consideration including customer rebates earned and payable and early payment discounts; warranty reserves; useful lives of property and identifiable intangible assets; the evaluation of impairments of property, intangible assets, and goodwill; the provision for income tax and related valuation reserves; the valuation of derivative instruments; assumptions used in the determination of the funded status and annual expense of pension and postretirement employee benefit plans; the valuation of stock compensation instruments granted to employees, board members and any other eligible recipients; estimates of incremental borrowing rates used when estimating the present value of future lease payments; assumptions used when including renewal options or non-exercise of termination options in lease terms; estimates of total lifetime sales used in the recognition of revenue of deferred material rights and balance sheet classification of the related contract liability; estimates of total sales contract costs when recognizing revenue under the cost-to-cost method; and contingencies. Actual results could vary from Woodward’s estimates.

Note 2. New accounting standards

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standards setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements. Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) are communicated through issuance of an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." The purpose of ASU 2023-07 is to provide enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 (fiscal year 2025 for Woodward), and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 (fiscal year 2026 for Woodward), with early adoption permitted, and are to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Woodward is currently assessing the impact on its segment reporting disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." The purpose of ASU 2023-09 is to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding income taxes by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation, the disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction, as well as several other changes to the income tax disclosure. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 (fiscal year 2026 for Woodward), with early adoption permitted, and is required to be applied prospectively with the option of retrospective application. Woodward is currently assessing the impact on its income tax disclosures.

6

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses." The purpose of ASU 2024-03 is to provide enhanced disclosures about significant expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 (fiscal year 2028 for Woodward), and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 (fiscal year 2029 for Woodward), with early adoption permitted, and are to be applied either on a prospective basis to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date or on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Woodward is currently assessing the impact on its Consolidated Statement of Earnings disclosures.

Note 3. Revenue

The amount of revenue recognized as point in time or over time was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 |
|  | Aerospace |  |  | Industrial |  |  | Consolidated |  |  | Aerospace |  |  | Industrial |  |  | Consolidated |
Point in time |  | $ | 191,985 |  |  | $ | 155,068 |  |  | $ | 347,053 |  |  | $ | 188,503 |  |  | $ | 186,630 |  |  | $ | 375,133 |
Over time |  |  | 301,897 |  |  |  | 123,775 |  |  |  | 425,672 |  |  |  | 272,253 |  |  |  | 139,344 |  |  |  | 411,597 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 493,882 |  |  | $ | 278,843 |  |  | $ | 772,725 |  |  | $ | 460,756 |  |  | $ | 325,974 |  |  | $ | 786,730 |

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Billed receivables |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable |  | $ | 365,322 |  |  | $ | 455,831 |
Other (Chinese financial institutions) |  |  | 1,738 |  |  |  | 1,403 |
Total billed receivables |  |  | 367,060 |  |  |  | 457,234 |
Current unbilled receivables (contract assets) |  |  | 333,332 |  |  |  | 320,570 |
Total accounts receivable |  |  | 700,392 |  |  |  | 777,804 |
Less: Allowance for uncollectible amounts |  |  | (7,793 | ) |  |  | (7,738 | )
Total accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 692,599 |  |  | $ | 770,066 |

As of December 31, 2024, “Other assets” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets includes $11,127 of unbilled receivables not expected to be invoiced and collected within a period of twelve months, compared to $11,237 as of September 30, 2024.

Accounts receivable in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements represent the net amount expected to be collected, and an allowance for uncollectible amounts related to credit losses is established based on expected losses. Expected losses are estimated by reviewing specific customer accounts, taking into consideration accounts receivable aging, credit risk of the customers, and historical payment history, as well as current and forecasted economic conditions and other relevant factors.

The allowance for uncollectible amounts and change in expected credit losses for trade accounts receivable and unbilled receivables (contract assets) consisted of the following:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Balance, beginning |  | $ | 7,738 |  |  | $ | 5,847 |
Changes in estimates |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | 298 |
Write-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (459 | )
Other 1 |  |  | (152 | ) |  |  | 91 |
Balance, ending |  | $ | 7,793 |  |  | $ | 5,777 |

(1)
Includes effects of foreign exchange rate changes during the period.

7

Contract liabilities

Contract liabilities consisted of the following:

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
|  | Current |  |  | Noncurrent |  |  | Current |  |  | Noncurrent |
Deferred revenue from material rights from JV formation |  | $ | 6,760 |  |  | $ | 230,962 |  |  | $ | 6,580 |  |  | $ | 232,164 |
Deferred revenue from advanced invoicing and/or prepayments from customers |  |  | 20,552 |  |  |  | 5,139 |  |  |  | 23,706 |  |  |  | 6,437 |
Liability related to customer supplied inventory |  |  | 17,163 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,563 |  |  |  | — |
Deferred revenue from material rights related to engineering and development funding |  |  | 6,042 |  |  |  | 186,356 |  |  |  | 5,942 |  |  |  | 186,008 |
Net contract liabilities |  | $ | 50,517 |  |  | $ | 422,457 |  |  | $ | 56,791 |  |  | $ | 424,609 |

Woodward recognized revenue of $16,083 in the three months ended December 31, 2024 from contract liabilities balances recorded as of October 1, 2024, compared to $13,033 in the three months ended December 31, 2023 from contract liabilities balances recorded as of October 1, 2023.

Remaining performance obligations

Remaining performance obligations related to the aggregate amount of the total contract transaction price of firm orders for which the performance obligation has not yet been recognized in revenue as of December 31, 2024 was $2,920,580, compared to $2,932,793 as of September 30, 2024, the majority of which relates to Woodward’s Aerospace segment in both periods. Woodward expects to recognize almost all remaining performance obligations within two years after December 31, 2024.

Remaining performance obligations related to material rights that have not yet been recognized in revenue as of December 31, 2024 was $507,479, compared to $509,366 as of September 30, 2024, of which $10,876 is expected to be recognized in the rem ainder of fiscal year 2025, $15,833 is expected to be rec ognized in fiscal year 2026, and the remaining balance is expected to be recognized thereafter. Woodward expects to recognize revenue from performance obligations related to material rights over the life of the underlying programs, which may be as long as forty years.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Woodward designs, produces, and services reliable, efficient, low-emission, and high-performance energy control products for diverse applications in markets throughout the world. Woodward reports financial results for each of its reportable segments, Aerospace and Industrial. Woodward further disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by primary market as Woodward believes this best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Revenue by primary market for the Aerospace reportable segment was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Commercial OEM |  | $ | 154,076 |  |  | $ | 171,354 |
Commercial aftermarket |  |  | 163,850 |  |  |  | 137,544 |
Defense OEM |  |  | 112,782 |  |  |  | 93,425 |
Defense aftermarket |  |  | 63,174 |  |  |  | 58,433 |
Total Aerospace segment net sales |  | $ | 493,882 |  |  | $ | 460,756 |

Revenue by primary market for the Industrial reportable segment was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Power generation |  | $ | 105,219 |  |  | $ | 98,106 |
Transportation |  |  | 116,606 |  |  |  | 174,469 |
Oil and gas |  |  | 57,018 |  |  |  | 53,399 |
Total Industrial segment net sales |  | $ | 278,843 |  |  | $ | 325,974 |

On April 2, 2024, The General Electric Company ("GE") split into two separate companies, GE Aerospace and GE Vernova. During fiscal year 2024, we engaged in transactions with GE prior to its split, and subsequently engaged in

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transactions with both GE Aerospace and GE Vernova. Sales listed with "GE" represent the legacy General Electric Company, and any sales following the split will be listed as GE Aerospace and GE Vernova as applicable.

T he customers who each account for approximately 10% or more of net sales of each of Woodward’s reportable segments are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 |  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
Aerospace |  | RTX Corporation, GE Aerospace, The Boeing Company |  | GE, RTX Corporation, The Boeing Company
Industrial |  | Rolls-Royce PLC, GE Vernova |  | Weichai Power, Rolls-Royce PLC, Caterpillar, Inc.

Note 4. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

Diluted earnings per share reflects the weighted-average number of shares outstanding after consideration of the dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, and performance stock units.

The following is a reconciliation of net earnings to basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  | $ | 90,044 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic shares outstanding |  |  | 59,216 |  |  |  | 60,021 |
Dilutive effect of stock options; restricted and performance stock |  |  | 1,925 |  |  |  | 1,825 |
Diluted shares outstanding |  |  | 61,141 |  |  |  | 61,846 |
Income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.50 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 1.42 |  |  | $ | 1.46 |

The following stock option grants and restricted stock awards were outstanding but were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Awards and options |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 39 |
Weighted-average price |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 114.53 |

The weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share included the weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations of the following:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 55 |

Note 5. Leases

Lessee arrangements

Woodward has entered into operating leases for certain facilities and equipment with terms in excess of one year under agreements that expire at various dates. Some leases require the payment of property taxes, insurance, maintenance costs, or other similar costs in addition to rental payments. Woodward has also entered into finance leases for equipment with terms in excess of one year under agreements that expire at various dates.

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Lease-related assets and liabilities were as follows:

|  | Classification on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease |  | Other assets |  | $ | 23,218 |  |  | $ | 27,135 |
Finance lease |  | Property, plant, and equipment, net |  |  | 3,341 |  |  |  | 2,516 |
Total lease assets |  |  |  |  | 26,559 |  |  |  | 29,651 |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease |  | Accrued liabilities |  |  | 4,564 |  |  |  | 5,029 |
Finance lease |  | Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 975 |  |  |  | 719 |
Noncurrent liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease |  | Other liabilities |  |  | 19,129 |  |  |  | 22,670 |
Finance lease |  | Long-term debt, less current portion |  |  | 2,592 |  |  |  | 2,017 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 27,260 |  |  | $ | 30,435 |

Lease-related expenses were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Operating lease expense |  | $ | 1,796 |  |  | $ | 1,632 |
Amortization of finance lease assets |  |  | 241 |  |  |  | 248 |
Interest on finance lease liabilities |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 41 |
Variable lease expense |  |  | 193 |  |  |  | 228 |
Short-term lease expense |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 38 |
Total lease expense |  | $ | 2,327 |  |  | $ | 2,187 |

Lease-related supplemental cash flow information was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows for operating leases |  | $ | 1,534 |  |  | $ | 1,316 |
Operating cash flows for finance leases |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 41 |
Financing cash flows for finance leases |  |  | 235 |  |  |  | 249 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for recorded lease obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  | 476 |  |  |  | 477 |
Finance leases |  |  | 1,069 |  |  |  | — |

Lessor arrangements

Woodward has assessed its manufacturing contracts and concluded that certain of the contracts for the manufacture of customer products met the criteria to be considered a leasing arrangement (“embedded leases”) with Woodward as the lessor. The specific manufacturing contracts that met the criteria were those that utilized Woodward property, plant, and equipment and which are substantially (more than 90%) dedicated to the manufacturing of the product(s) for a single customer. Woodward has dedicated manufacturing lines with three of its customers representing embedded leases, all of which qualified as operating leases with undefined quantities of future customer purchase commitments.

Although Woodward expects to allocate some portion of future net sales to these customers to embedded lessor arrangements, it cannot provide expected future undiscounted lease payments from property, plant, and equipment leased to customers as of December 31, 2024. If, in the future, customers reduce purchases of related products from Woodward, the Company believes it will derive additional value from the underlying equipment by repurposing its use to support other customer arrangements.

Revenue from contracts with customers that included embedded operating leases, which is included in “Net sales” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings, was $1,034 for the three months ended December 31, 2024, compared to $1,364 for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

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The carrying amount of property, plant, and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements, included in “Property, plant, and equipment, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, follows:

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Property, plant, and equipment |  | $ | 31,721 |  |  | $ | 48,495 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | (19,493 | ) |  |  | (32,994 | )
Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | $ | 12,228 |  |  | $ | 15,501 |

Note 6. Joint venture

In fiscal year 2016, Woodward and General Electric Company (“GE”), consummated the formation of a strategic joint venture (the “JV”). GE has been acting through GE Aerospace since April 2024. The JV was formed to develop, manufacture, and support fuel s ystems for specified existing and all future GE commercial aircraft engines that produce thrust in excess of fifty thousand pounds. Woodward is accounting for its 50% ownership interest in the JV using the equity method of accounting. The JV is a related party to Woodward and transactions between Woodward and the JV are included in our Aerospace segment.

Unamortized deferred revenue from material rights in connection with the JV formation included:

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Accrued liabilities |  | $ | 6,760 |  |  | $ | 6,580 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 230,962 |  |  |  | 232,164 |

Amortization of the deferred revenue (material right) recognized as an increase to sales was $1,023 for the three months ended December 31, 2024, and $1,335 for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Other income related to Woodward’s equity interest in the earnings of the JV was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Other income |  | $ | 10,156 |  |  | $ | 10,155 |

Cash distributions to Woodward from the JV, recognized in “Other, net” in “Net cash provided by operating activities” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cash distributions |  | $ | 11,000 |  |  | $ | 6,500 |

Net sales to the JV were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net sales |  | $ | 20,696 |  |  | $ | 20,272 |

Woodward net sales includes a reduction of $16,011 for the three months ended December 31, 2024, compared to $14,539 for the three months ended December 31, 2023 related to royalties owed to the JV by Woodward on sales by Woodward directly to third party aftermarket customers.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include “Accounts receivable” related to amounts the JV owed Woodward, “Accounts payable” related to amounts Woodward owed the JV, and “Other assets” related to Woodward’s net investment in the JV, as follows:

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Accounts receivable |  | $ | 3,745 |  |  | $ | 5,205 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 6,155 |  |  |  | 11,378 |
Other assets |  |  | 18,375 |  |  |  | 19,219 |

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Note 7. Financial instruments and fair value measurements

The table below presents information about Woodward’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques Woodward utilized to determine such fair value.

|  | At December 31, 2024 |  |  | At September 30, 2024 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in banks and financial institutions |  | $ | 21,749 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,749 |  |  | $ | 23,128 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,128 |
Equity securities |  |  | 35,528 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35,528 |  |  |  | 30,782 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,782 |
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,656 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,656 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total financial assets |  | $ | 57,277 |  |  | $ | 8,656 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65,933 |  |  | $ | 53,910 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53,910 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency interest rate swaps |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,004 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,004 |
Total financial liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,004 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,004 |

Investments in banks and financial institutions: Woodward and its subsidiaries sometimes invest excess cash in various highly liquid financial instruments that Woodward believes are with creditworthy financial institutions. Such investments are reported in “Cash and cash equivalents” at fair value, with realized gains from interest income recognized in earnings. The carrying value of Woodward’s investments in term deposits with foreign banks are considered equal to the fair value given the highly liquid nature of the investments.

Equity securities: Woodward holds marketable equity securities, through investments in various mutual funds, related to its deferred compensation program. Based on Woodward’s intentions regarding these instruments, marketable equity securities are classified as trading securities. The trading securities are reported at fair value, with realized gains and losses recognized in “Other (income) expense, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The trading securities are included in “Other assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair values of Woodward’s trading securities are based on the quoted market prices for the net asset value of the various mutual funds.

Cross-currency interest rate swaps: Woodward holds cross-currency interest rate swaps, which are accounted for at fair value. The swaps in an asset position are included in “Other current assets” and “Other assets,” and swaps in a liability position are included in “Accrued liabilities” and “Other liabilities” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair values of Woodward’s cross-currency interest rate swaps are determined using a market approach that is based on observable inputs other than quoted market prices, including contract terms, interest rates, currency rates, and other market factors.

Cash, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term borrowings are not remeasured to fair value, as the carrying cost of each approximates its respective fair value.

The estimated fair values and carrying costs of other financial instruments that are not required to be remeasured at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:

|  |  |  | At December 31, 2024 |  |  | At September 30, 2024 |
|  | Fair Value Hierarchy Level |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Carrying Cost |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Carrying Cost |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes receivable from municipalities |  | 2 |  | $ | 6,491 |  |  | $ | 6,143 |  |  | $ | 6,961 |  |  | $ | 6,514 |
Investments in short-term time deposits |  | 2 |  |  | 2,999 |  |  |  | 2,997 |  |  |  | 3,064 |  |  |  | 3,064 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | 2 |  |  | 617,151 |  |  |  | 644,980 |  |  |  | 634,071 |  |  |  | 656,360 |

In connection with certain economic incentives related to Woodward’s development of a second campus in the greater-Rockford, Illinois area for its Aerospace segment and Woodward’s development of its corporate headquarters in Fort Collins, Colorado, Woodward received long-term notes from municipalities within the states of Illinois and Colorado. The fair value of the long-term notes was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments received at an interest rate available to Woodward at the end of the period for similarly rated municipal notes of

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similar maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy. The interest rates used to estimate the fair value of the long-term notes were 3.2% at December 31, 2024 and 2.7% at September 30, 2024.

From time to time, certain of Woodward’s foreign subsidiaries will invest excess cash in short-term time deposits with a fixed maturity date of longer than three months but less than one year from the date of the deposit. Woodward believes that the investments are with creditworthy financial institutions. The fair value of the investments in short-term time deposits was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments to be received at an interest rate available to the foreign subsidiary entering into the investment for similar short-term time deposits of similar maturity. This was determined to be a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy. The interest rates used to estimate the fair value of the short-term time deposits were 6.7% at December 31, 2024 and 6.8% at September 30, 2024.

The fair value of long-term debt was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments at interest rates available to the Company at the end of the period for similar debt of the same maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy. The weighted-average interest rates used to estimate the fair value of long-term debt were 4.8% at December 31, 2024 and 4.5% at September 30, 2024.

Woodward does not have expected credit losses related to any financial assets that are not required to be remeasured at fair value.

Note 8. Derivative instruments and hedging activities

Derivative instruments not designated or qualifying as hedging instruments

In May 2020, Woodward entered into five fixed-rate cross-currency interest rate swap agreements (the “2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps”), with an aggregate notional value of $400,000, which effectively reduced the interest rates on the underlying fixed-rate debt under the 2018 Notes (as defined in Note 15, Credit Facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of Woodward’s most recently filed Form 10-K) and Woodward’s then existing revolving credit agreement. The net interest income of the cross-currency interest rate swaps is recorded as a reduction to “Interest expense” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The total notional value of the 2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps was $400,000 at December 31, 2024. See Note 7, Financial Instruments and fair value measurements for the related fair value of the derivative instruments as of December 31, 2024.

Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships

In May 2020, Woodward entered into five US dollar intercompany loans payable, with identical terms and notional values of each tranche of the 2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps, together with reciprocal fixed-rate intercompany cross-currency interest rate swaps. The agreements were entered into by Euro Barbados and are designated as cash flow hedges under the criteria prescribed in ASC 815. The objective of these derivative instruments is to hedge the risk of variability in cash flows attributable to the foreign currency exchange risk of cash flows for future principal and interest payments associated with the US dollar denominated intercompany loans over a thirteen-year period, as Euro Barbados maintains a Euro functional currency. For each of the fixed-rate intercompany cross-currency interest rate swaps, changes in the fair values of the derivative instruments are recognized in accumulated OCI and reclassified to foreign currency transaction gain or loss included in “Selling, general and administrative costs” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Reclassifications out of accumulated OCI of the change in fair value occur each reporting period based upon changes in the spot rate remeasurement of the Euro and US dollar denominated intercompany loans, including associated interest. Hedge effectiveness is assessed based on the fair value changes of the derivative instruments and such hedges are deemed to be highly effective in offsetting exposure to variability in foreign exchange rates. There are no credit-risk-related contingent features associated with these fixed-rate cross-currency interest rate swaps.

Derivatives instruments in net investment hedging relationships

On September 23, 2016, Woodward and Woodward International Holding B.V., a wholly owned subsidiary of Woodward organized under the laws of The Netherlands (the “BV Subsidiary”), each entered into a note purchase agreement (the “2016 Note Purchase Agreement”) relating to the sale by Woodward and the BV Subsidiary of an aggregate principal amount of €160,000 of senior unsecured notes in a series of private placement transactions. Woodward issued €40,000 aggregate principal amount of Woodward’s Series M Senior Notes due September 23, 2026 (the “Series M Notes”). Woodward designated the Series M Notes as a hedge of a foreign currency exposure of Woodward’s net investment in its

13

Euro denominated functional currency subsidiaries. Related to the Series M Notes, included in foreign currency translation adjustments within total comprehensive (losses) earnings are net foreign exchange gains of $3,063 for the three months ended December 31, 2024, compared to net foreign exchange losses of $1,866 for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Impact of derivative instruments designated as qualifying hedging instruments

The following table discloses the amounts recognized in relation to the cash flow hedges designated as qualifying hedging instruments:

|  |  |  | Three months ended December 31, |
Derivatives in: |  | Location |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
(Income) expense recognized and (gain) loss reclassified from accumulated OCI into earnings |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | (27,683 | ) |  | $ | 17,899 |
(Gain) loss recognized in accumulated OCI |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (20,368 | ) |  |  | 18,510 |

The remaining unrecognized gains and losses in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets associated with derivative instruments that were previously entered into by Woodward, which are classified in accumulated OCI, were net losses of $12,475 as of December 31, 2024 and $5,160 as of September 30, 2024.

Note 9. Supplemental statement of cash flows information

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized |  | $ | 13,158 |  |  | $ | 13,411 |
Income taxes paid |  |  | 11,060 |  |  |  | 13,032 |
Income tax refunds received |  |  | 1,119 |  |  |  | 2,440 |
Non-cash activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment on account |  |  | 3,916 |  |  |  | 3,121 |
Common shares issued from treasury to settle benefit obligations |  |  | 854 |  |  |  | — |
Receivables related to business divestitures |  |  | 9,213 |  |  |  | — |

Note 10. Assets and liabilities held for sale, Acquisitions, and Divestitures

Assets and liabilities held for sale

On November 15, 2024, Woodward entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Industrial heavy duty gas turbine combustion parts product line located in Greenville, South Carolina to GE Vernova. The sale of the product line is expected to result in a gain and close later in fiscal year 2025.

The following table presents balance sheet information of the heavy duty gas turbine combustion parts product line as of December 31, 2024:

|  | December 31, 2024 |
Assets: |  |  |
Inventories |  | $ | 18,316 |
Property, plant, and equipment |  |  | 3,198 |
Goodwill |  |  | 5,772 |
Intangible assets |  |  | 2,269 |
Other assets |  |  | 2,492 |
Total assets held for sale |  |  | 32,047 |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 1,979 |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 2,343 |
Total liabilities held for sale |  | $ | 4,322 |

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Acquisitions

On December 19, 2024, Woodward entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the Safran Electronics & Defense electromechanical actuation business based in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The acquisition includes intellectual property, operations assets, talent, and long-term customer agreements for Horizontal Stabilizer Trim Actuation (HSTA) systems for aircraft stabilization to support safe and efficient flight, notably used for the Airbus A350. The acquisition is expected to close later in fiscal year 2025.

Divestitures

The Company periodically reviews its business and from time to time may sell businesses, assets, or product lines as part of business rationalization. Any gain or loss recognized due to divestitures is recorded within the line item “Other (income) expense, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

In connection with certain product rationalization activities, during the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold certain product lines of its Industrial segment. The Company received cash proceeds of $1,438 and receivables of $9,213 included in “Other current assets” and “Other assets,” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognized a pretax gain of $9,361.

Note 11. Inventories

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 182,598 |  |  | $ | 161,734 |
Work in progress |  |  | 148,957 |  |  |  | 147,676 |
Component parts(1) |  |  | 392,284 |  |  |  | 376,456 |
Finished goods |  |  | 94,772 |  |  |  | 91,787 |
Customer supplied inventory |  |  | 17,163 |  |  |  | 20,563 |
On-hand inventory for which control has transferred to the customer |  |  | (203,772 | ) |  |  | (189,124 | )
|  | $ | 632,002 |  |  | $ | 609,092 |

(1)
Component parts include items that can be sold separately as finished goods or included in the manufacture of other products.

Note 12. Property, plant, and equipment

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Land and land improvements |  | $ | 90,596 |  |  | $ | 91,105 |
Buildings and building improvements |  |  | 599,651 |  |  |  | 599,897 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 18,980 |  |  |  | 22,022 |
Machinery and production equipment |  |  | 826,145 |  |  |  | 849,595 |
Computer equipment and software |  |  | 120,597 |  |  |  | 120,185 |
Office furniture and equipment |  |  | 43,249 |  |  |  | 42,873 |
Other |  |  | 33,294 |  |  |  | 33,392 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 74,374 |  |  |  | 71,890 |
|  |  | 1,806,886 |  |  |  | 1,830,959 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | (881,415 | ) |  |  | (890,244 | )
Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | $ | 925,471 |  |  | $ | 940,715 |

Woodward had depreciation expense as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Depreciation expense |  | $ | 20,962 |  |  | $ | 20,226 |

15

Note 13. Goodwill

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | Assets Held for Sale |  |  | Effects of Foreign Currency Translation |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Aerospace |  | $ | 455,423 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 455,423 |
Industrial |  |  | 351,220 |  |  |  | (5,772 | ) |  |  | (18,943 | ) |  |  | 326,505 |
Consolidated |  | $ | 806,643 |  |  | $ | (5,772 | ) |  | $ | (18,943 | ) |  | $ | 781,928 |

On November 15, 2024, Woodward entered into an agreement to sell the Industrial heavy duty gas turbine combustion parts product line located in Greenville, South Carolina (see Note 10, Assets Held for Sale, Acquisitions, and Divestitures), which resulted in $5,772 of goodwill in the Company's Industrial segment being recorded as assets held for sale.

Note 14. Intangible assets, net

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
|  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |  |  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |
Intangible assets with finite lives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships and contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | 281,683 |  |  | $ | (247,391 | ) |  | $ | 34,292 |  |  | $ | 281,683 |  |  | $ | (246,152 | ) |  | $ | 35,531 |
Industrial |  |  | 357,461 |  |  |  | (98,375 | ) |  |  | 259,086 |  |  |  | 399,030 |  |  |  | (114,391 | ) |  |  | 284,639 |
Total |  | $ | 639,144 |  |  | $ | (345,766 | ) |  | $ | 293,378 |  |  | $ | 680,713 |  |  | $ | (360,543 | ) |  | $ | 320,170 |
Intellectual property: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Industrial |  |  | 3,139 |  |  |  | (3,139 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,139 |  |  |  | (3,139 | ) |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 3,139 |  |  | $ | (3,139 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,139 |  |  | $ | (3,139 | ) |  | $ | — |
Process technology: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | 44,570 |  |  | $ | (40,503 | ) |  | $ | 4,067 |  |  | $ | 44,570 |  |  | $ | (40,346 | ) |  | $ | 4,224 |
Industrial |  |  | 79,160 |  |  |  | (32,513 | ) |  |  | 46,647 |  |  |  | 87,257 |  |  |  | (35,983 | ) |  |  | 51,274 |
Total |  | $ | 123,730 |  |  | $ | (73,016 | ) |  | $ | 50,714 |  |  | $ | 131,827 |  |  | $ | (76,329 | ) |  | $ | 55,498 |
Other intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Industrial |  |  | 557 |  |  |  | (557 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 592 |  |  |  | (592 | ) |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 557 |  |  | $ | (557 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 592 |  |  | $ | (592 | ) |  | $ | — |
Intangible asset with indefinite life: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade name: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Industrial |  |  | 60,325 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60,325 |  |  |  | 64,751 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 64,751 |
Total |  | $ | 60,325 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 60,325 |  |  | $ | 64,751 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,751 |
Total intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | 326,253 |  |  | $ | (287,894 | ) |  | $ | 38,359 |  |  | $ | 326,253 |  |  | $ | (286,498 | ) |  | $ | 39,755 |
Industrial |  |  | 500,642 |  |  |  | (134,584 | ) |  |  | 366,058 |  |  |  | 554,769 |  |  |  | (154,105 | ) |  |  | 400,664 |
Consolidated Total |  | $ | 826,895 |  |  | $ | (422,478 | ) |  | $ | 404,417 |  |  | $ | 881,022 |  |  | $ | (440,603 | ) |  | $ | 440,419 |

Woodward recorded amortization expense associated with intangibles of the following:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Amortization expense |  | $ | 6,914 |  |  | $ | 8,599 |

16

Future amortization expense associated with intangibles is expected to be:

Year Ending September 30: |  |  |
2025 (remaining) |  | $ | 19,773 |
2026 |  |  | 27,390 |
2027 |  |  | 27,331 |
2028 |  |  | 26,955 |
2029 |  |  | 26,047 |
Thereafter |  |  | 216,596 |
|  | $ | 344,092 |

Note 15. Credit facilities, short-term borrowings, and long-term debt

As of December 31, 2024, Woodward’s short-term borrowings and availability under its various short-term credit facilities follows:

|  | Total availability |  |  | Outstanding letters of credit and guarantees |  |  | Banker acceptance notes issued |  |  | Outstanding borrowings |  |  | Remaining availability |
Revolving credit facility |  | $ | 1,000,000 |  |  | $ | (7,892 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (258,000 | ) |  | $ | 734,108 |
Foreign lines of credit and overdraft facilities |  |  | 25,600 |  |  |  | (231 | ) |  |  | (5,640 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,729 |
Foreign performance guarantee facilities |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | (59 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35 |
|  | $ | 1,025,694 |  |  | $ | (8,182 | ) |  | $ | (5,640 | ) |  | $ | (258,000 | ) |  | $ | 753,872 |

Revolving credit facility

Woodward maintains a $1,000,000 revolving credit facility established under a revolving credit agreement among Woodward, a syndicate of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, which provides for the option to increase available borrowings up to $1,500,000, subject to lenders’ participation (as amended in October 2022, the “Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement”). Borrowings under the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement can be made by Woodward and certain of its foreign subsidiaries in U.S. dollars or in foreign currencies other than the U.S. dollar and generally bear interest at the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“Euribor”), Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”), Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate (“TIBOR”), and Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) base rates plus 0.875% to 1.75%. The Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement matures on October 21, 2027.

Under the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, there were $258,000 in principal amount of borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2024 at an effective interest rate of 5.66% as compared to $217,000 in principal borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2024 at an effective interest rate of 5.82%. All of the borrowings outstanding were classified as short-term borrowings based on Woodward's intent and ability to pay this amount in the next twelve months.

Short-term borrowings

Woodward has other foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities at various financial institutions, which are generally reviewed annually for renewal and are subject to the usual terms and conditions applied by the financial institutions. Pursuant to the terms of the related facility agreements, Woodward’s foreign performance guarantee facilities are limited in use to providing performance guarantees to third parties. There were no borrowings outstanding on Woodward’s foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024.

Consistent with common business practice in China, Woodward's Chinese subsidiaries have issued bankers' acceptance notes ("Bank Drafts") to Chinese suppliers in settlement of certain customer accounts payable. Bank Drafts are financial instruments issued by Chinese financial institutions as part of financing arrangements between the financial institution and a customer of the financial institution. Bank Drafts represent a commitment by the issuing financial institution to pay a certain amount of money at a specified future maturity date to the legal owner of the bankers' acceptance note as of the maturity date. Woodward has elected to adopt the practical expedient and not adjust the promised amounts of consideration at contract inception as the financing component associated with issuing Bank Drafts has a duration of less than one year.

17

The Notes

On November 15, 2023, Woodward paid the entire principal balance of $75,000 on the Series H and K Notes using proceeds from borrowings under its existing revolving credit facility.

Note 16. Accrued liabilities

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Salaries and other member benefits |  | $ | 100,770 |  |  | $ | 151,921 |
Product warranties and related liabilities |  |  | 19,008 |  |  |  | 18,844 |
Interest payable |  |  | 3,983 |  |  |  | 12,163 |
Accrued retirement benefits |  |  | 2,754 |  |  |  | 2,888 |
Net current contract liabilities |  |  | 50,517 |  |  |  | 56,791 |
Taxes, other than income |  |  | 17,227 |  |  |  | 15,884 |
Other |  |  | 34,489 |  |  |  | 34,151 |
|  | $ | 228,748 |  |  | $ | 292,642 |

Product warranties and related liabilities

Provisions of Woodward’s sales agreements include product warranties customary to these types of agreements. Accruals are established for specifically identified warranty issues and related liabilities for which are probable to result in future costs. Warranty costs are accrued as revenue is recognized on a non-specific basis whenever past experience indicates a normal and predictable pattern exists.

Changes in accrued product warranties and related liabilities were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Beginning of period |  | $ | 18,844 |  |  | $ | 18,162 |
Additions, net of recoveries |  |  | 3,505 |  |  |  | 5,306 |
Reductions for settlement |  |  | (3,014 | ) |  |  | (1,827 | )
Foreign currency exchange rate changes |  |  | (327 | ) |  |  | 161 |
End of period |  | $ | 19,008 |  |  | $ | 21,802 |

Note 17. Other liabilities

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Net accrued retirement benefits, less amounts recognized within accrued liabilities |  | $ | 85,377 |  |  | $ | 83,094 |
Total unrecognized tax benefits |  |  | 11,061 |  |  |  | 10,104 |
Noncurrent income taxes payable |  |  | 5,894 |  |  |  | 5,894 |
Deferred economic incentives (1) |  |  | 6,623 |  |  |  | 7,062 |
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities |  |  | 19,129 |  |  |  | 22,670 |
Net noncurrent contract liabilities |  |  | 422,457 |  |  |  | 424,609 |
Cross-currency swap derivative liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,562 |
Other |  |  | 8,415 |  |  |  | 13,385 |
|  | $ | 558,956 |  |  | $ | 577,380 |

(1)
Woodward receives certain economic incentives from various state and local authorities related to capital expansion projects. Such amounts are initially recorded as deferred credits and are being recognized as a reduction to pre-tax expense over the economic lives of the related capital expansion projects.

18

Note 18. Other (income) expense, net

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Equity interest in the earnings of the JV |  | $ | (10,156 | ) |  | $ | (10,155 | )
Rent income |  |  | (86 | ) |  |  | (82 | )
Net gain on sales of assets and businesses |  |  | (9,243 | ) |  |  | — |
Net loss (gain) on investments in deferred compensation program |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | (2,609 | )
Gain on non-recurring matter related to a previous acquisition |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,803 | )
Other components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit, excluding service cost and interest expense |  |  | (3,316 | ) |  |  | (2,919 | )
Other |  |  | (385 | ) |  |  | (71 | )
|  | $ | (23,087 | ) |  | $ | (20,639 | )

Note 19. Income taxes

The determination of the estimated annual effective tax rate is based upon a number of significant estimates and judgments. In addition, as a global commercial enterprise, Woodward’s tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, changes in the estimate of the amount of undistributed foreign earnings that Woodward considers indefinitely reinvested, issuance of future guidance, interpretation, and rule-making, and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

The following table sets forth the tax expense and the effective tax rate for Woodward’s earnings before income taxes:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 101,854 |  |  | $ | 109,720 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 14,763 |  |  |  | 19,676 |
Effective tax rate |  |  | 14.5 | % |  |  | 17.9 | %

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2023 is primarily attributable to larger stock-based compensation tax benefit in the current quarter. This decrease was partially offset by a smaller estimated Research and Development Credit and the impact of higher projected full year earnings on state income tax expense.

Gross unrecognized tax benefits were $15,479 as of December 31, 2024, and $14,273 as of September 30, 2024. At December 31, 2024, the amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact Woodward’s effective tax rate was $8,516. At this time, Woodward believes it is reasonably possible that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by as much as $1,909 in the next twelve months due to the completion of review by tax authorities, lapses of statutes, and the settlement of tax positions. Woodward’s tax expense includes accruals for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and all other interest and penalties related to tax payments.

Woodward’s tax returns are subject to audits by U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, and these audits are at various stages of completion at any given time. Reviews of tax matters by authorities and lapses of the applicable statutes of limitation may result in changes to tax expense. Generally, Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for U.S. Federal income taxes include fiscal years 2021 and thereafter. Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for significant U.S. state income tax jurisdictions include fiscal years 2018 and thereafter. Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination in significant foreign jurisdictions include 2018 and thereafter.

19

Note 20. Retirement benefits

Woodward provides various retirement benefits to eligible members of the Company, including contributions to various defined contribution plans, pension benefits associated with defined benefit plans, postretirement medical benefits, and postretirement life insurance benefits. Eligibility requirements and benefit levels vary depending on employee location.

Defined contribution plans

Most of the Company’s U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the U.S. defined contribution plan. The U.S. defined contribution plan allows employees to defer part of their annual income for income tax purposes into their personal 401(k) accounts. The Company makes matching contributions to eligible employee accounts, which are also deferred for employee personal income tax purposes. Certain non-U.S. employees are also eligible to participate in similar non-U.S. plans.

The amount of expense associated with defined contribution plans was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Company costs |  | $ | 12,343 |  |  | $ | 11,175 |

Defined benefit plans

Woodward has defined benefit plans that provide pension benefits for certain retired employees in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany. Woodward also provides other postretirement benefits to its employees including postretirement medical benefits and life insurance benefits. Postretirement medical benefits are provided to certain current and retired employees, their covered dependents, and beneficiaries in the United States. Life insurance benefits are provided to certain retirees in the United States under frozen plans, which are no longer available to current employees. A September 30 measurement date is utilized to value plan assets and obligations for all of Woodward’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

U.S. GAAP requires that, for obligations outstanding as of September 30, 2024, the funded status reported in interim periods shall be the same asset or liability recognized in the previous year end statement of financial position adjusted for (a) subsequent accruals of net periodic benefit cost that exclude the amortization of amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income (for example, subsequent accruals of service cost, interest cost, and return on plan assets) and (b) contributions to a funded plan or benefit payments.

The components of the net periodic retirement pension costs recognized are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | United States |  |  | Other Countries |  |  | Total |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Service cost |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 309 |  |  | $ | 577 |  |  | $ | 503 |
Interest cost |  |  | 1,719 |  |  |  | 1,899 |  |  |  | 728 |  |  |  | 793 |  |  |  | 2,447 |  |  |  | 2,692 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (2,748 | ) |  |  | (2,271 | ) |  |  | (614 | ) |  |  | (592 | ) |  |  | (3,362 | ) |  |  | (2,863 | )
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss (gain) |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | (168 | ) |  |  | (57 | ) |  |  | (111 | )
Prior service cost |  |  | 191 |  |  |  | 174 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 197 |  |  |  | 180 |
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost |  | $ | (566 | ) |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | (198 | ) |  | $ | 401 |
Contributions paid |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 384 |  |  | $ | 593 |  |  | $ | 384 |  |  | $ | 593 |

The components of net periodic retirement pension costs other than the service cost and interest cost components are included in the line item “Other (income) expense, net”, and the interest component is included in the line item “Interest expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

20

The components of the net periodic other postretirement benefit costs recognized are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Interest cost |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 226 |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial gain |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | (139 | )
Net periodic other postretirement cost |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 87 |
Contributions paid |  | $ | 386 |  |  | $ | 412 |

The components of net periodic other postretirement benefit costs other than the service cost and interest cost components are included in the line item “Other (income) expense, net”, and the interest cost component is included in the line item “Interest expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The amount of cash contributions made to these plans in any year is dependent upon a number of factors, including minimum funding requirements in the jurisdictions in which Woodward operates and arrangements made with trustees of certain foreign plans. As a result, the actual funding in fiscal year 2025 may differ from the current estimate. Woodward estimates its remaining cash contributions in fiscal year 2025 will be as follows:

Retirement pension benefits: |  |  |
United States |  | $ | — |
United Kingdom |  |  | 211 |
Japan |  |  | — |
Germany |  |  | 1,007 |
Other postretirement benefits |  |  | 2,133 |

Note 21. Stockholders’ equity

Common stock and treasury stock

Activity in common stock and treasury stock shares are as follows:

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Treasury stock held for deferred compensation |
Balances as of September 30, 2023 |  |  | 72,960 |  |  |  | (13,070 | ) |  |  | (55 | )
Sales of treasury stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | — |
Purchases of stock by deferred compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |
Balances as of December 31, 2023 |  |  | 72,960 |  |  |  | (12,823 | ) |  |  | (54 | )
Balances as of September 30, 2024 |  |  | 72,960 |  |  |  | (13,787 | ) |  |  | (45 | )
Sales of treasury stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 381 |  |  |  | — |
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | (206 | ) |  |  | — |
Common shares issued for benefit plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |
Purchases of stock by deferred compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15 |
Balances as of December 31, 2024 |  |  | 72,960 |  |  |  | (13,607 | ) |  |  | (31 | )

Stock repurchase program

In January 2024, the Board terminated the prior share repurchase authorization, which was nearing expiration, and concurrently authorized a new program for the repurchase of up to $600,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three-year period ending in January 2027 (the “2024 Authorization”). During the three months ended December 31, 2024 we repurchased 206 shares of our common stock for $35,473 under the 2024 Authorization, whereas we did no t repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

21

Stock-based compensation

Provisions governing non-qualified stock option awards, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and performance restricted stock units ("PSUs") are included in the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “2017 Plan”) and, with respect to outstanding stock options awarded in or prior to fiscal year 2016, the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”).

The 2017 Plan was first approved by Woodward’s stockholders in January 2017 and is the successor plan to the 2006 Plan. As of September 14, 2016, the effective date of the 2017 Plan, the Board delegated authority to administer the 2017 Plan to the Human Capital & Compensation Committee of the Board, including, but not limited to, the power to determine the recipients of awards and the terms of those awards.

Stock options

Stock option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of Woodward’s stock at the date the grants are awarded, a ten-year term, and generally have a four-year vesting schedule at a rate of 25% per year.

The fair value of options granted is estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-valuation model. Woodward calculates the expected term, which represents the average period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding, based upon historical experience of plan participants. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility using daily stock price observations. The estimated dividend yield is based upon Woodward’s historical dividend practice and the market value of its common stock. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve, for periods within the contractual life of the stock option, at the time of grant.

The following is a summary of the activity for stock option awards:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | Number of options |  |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share |
Beginning balance |  |  | 3,578 |  |  | $ | 86.03 |
Granted |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 169.34 |
Exercised |  |  | (361 | ) |  |  | 82.07 |
Ending balance |  |  | 3,220 |  |  | $ | 86.54 |

Changes in non-vested stock options were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | Number of options |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share |
Beginning balance |  |  | 898 |  |  | $ | 37.30 |
Granted |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 77.15 |
Vested |  |  | (406 | ) |  |  | 33.52 |
Ending balance |  |  | 495 |  |  | $ | 40.62 |

Information about stock options that have vested, or are expected to vest, and are exercisable at December 31, 2024 was as follows:

|  | Number of options |  |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Life in Years |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Options outstanding |  |  | 3,220 |  |  | $ | 86.54 |  |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 257,174 |
Options vested and exercisable |  |  | 2,725 |  |  |  | 83.56 |  |  |  | 4.7 |  |  |  | 225,758 |
Options vested and expected to vest |  |  | 3,202 |  |  |  | 86.44 |  |  |  | 5.2 |  |  |  | 256,148 |

Restricted stock units

The Company generally grants RSUs to eligible employees under its Form RSU agreement for Employees and Consultants (the “Standard Form RSU Agreement”). RSUs granted under the Standard Form RSU Agreement prior to November 14, 2023, generally have a four-year vesting schedule at a rate of 25% per year, and RSUs granted after November 14, 2023 have a three-year vesting schedule at a rate of 33.3% per year, in each case generally subject to

22

continued employment. The fair value of RSUs granted are estimated using the closing price of the Company’s stock on the grant date.

The Company has also granted RSUs to certain employees under its form attraction and retention RSU agreement (the “Form Attraction and Retention RSU Agreement”), which has from time to time been used for new hires and specific retention purposes. RSUs granted under the Form Attraction and Retention RSU Agreement are generally scheduled to fully vest on the third or fourth anniversary of the respective grant dates, and in each case, subject to continued employment.

A summary of the activity for RSUs:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | Number of units |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Beginning balance |  |  | 318 |  |  | $ | 118.19 |
Granted |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 174.69 |
Released |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | 100.72 |
Forfeited |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 99.92 |
Ending balance |  |  | 303 |  |  | $ | 122.07 |

Performance restricted stock units

The Company grants PSUs to certain eligible employees under its form PSU agreement that generally will vest subject to a market condition and a service condition through the performance period. The market condition associated with the awards is based on the Company's relative total shareholder return ("TSR") compared to the TSR generated by the other companies that comprise the S&P 400 Midcap Index over a three-year performance period. Performance at target will result in vesting and issuance of the number of PSUs granted, equal to 100% payout. Performance below or above target can result in an issuance of between 0% - 150% of the target number of PSUs granted. Expense is recognized based on the weighted average grant date fair value on a straight line basis over the service period, irrespective as to whether the market condition is achieved.

The fair value of the PSUs at the grant date was determined based upon a Monte Carlo valuation method. The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo method to value the PSUs granted, which includes the grant date fair value outcome from the Monte Carlo method, were as follows:

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Expected volatility |  |  | 30.9 | % |  |  | 30.2 | %
Risk free interest rate |  |  | 4.1 | % |  |  | 4.5 | %
Expected life |  | 3 years |  |  | 3 years |
Grant date fair value |  | $ | 196.63 |  |  | $ | 146.47 |

The PSUs granted receive dividend equivalent units; therefore, no discount was applied for Woodward’s dividends.

A summary of the activity for PSUs:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | Number of units |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Beginning balance |  |  | 62 |  |  | $ | 146.47 |
Granted |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 196.63 |
Ending balance |  |  | 106 |  |  | $ | 167.31 |

Stock-based compensation expense

Woodward recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Pursuant to the form agreements used by the Company, with terms approved by the administrator of the applicable plan, the requisite service period can be less than the stated vesting period based on grantee’s retirement eligibility. As such, the recognition of stock-based compensation expense associated with some grants can be accelerated to a period of less than the stated vesting period, including immediate recognition of stock-based compensation expense on the date of grant.

At December 31, 2024, there was approximately $30,934 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements, including stock options, RSUs, and PSUs. The pre-vesting forfeiture rates

23

for purposes of determining stock-based compensation expense recognized were estimated to be 0% for members of the Board and 7.4% for all others. The remaining unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.7 years.

Note 22. Commitments and contingencies

Woodward is currently involved in claims, pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceedings, investigations and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, those relating to product liability claims, employment matters, worker’s compensation claims, contractual disputes, product warranty claims, and alleged violations of various laws and regulations. Woodward accrues for known individual matters using estimates of the most likely amount of loss where it believes that it is probable the matter will result in a loss when ultimately resolved and such loss is reasonably estimable. Legal costs are expensed as incurred and are classified in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Woodward is partially self-insured in the United States for healthcare and worker’s compensation up to predetermined amounts, above which third party insurance applies. Management regularly reviews the probable outcome of related claims and proceedings, the expenses expected to be incurred, the availability and limits of the insurance coverage, and the established accruals for liabilities.

While the outcome of pending claims, legal and regulatory proceedings, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that any liabilities that may result from these claims, proceedings, and investigations will not have a material effect on Woodward’s liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.

Under the Company’s severance and change in control agreements with its current corporate officers, Woodward would be required to pay termination benefits to any such officer if such officer’s employment is terminated without Cause or for Good Reason (as each term is defined therein). The amount of such benefits would vary depending on whether such termination occurs during a specified period within a change of control.

Note 23. Segment information

Woodward serves the aerospace and industrial markets through its two reportable segments – Aerospace and Industrial. When appropriate, Woodward’s reportable segments are aggregations of Woodward’s operating segments. Woodward uses operating segment information internally to manage its business, including the assessment of operating segment performance and decisions for the allocation of resources between operating segments.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those of the Company. Woodward evaluates segment profit or loss based on internal performance measures for each segment in a given period. In connection with that assessment, Woodward generally excludes matters such as certain charges for restructuring, interest income and expense, certain gains and losses from asset dispositions, or other non-recurring and/or non-operationally related expenses.

A summary of consolidated net sales and earnings by segment follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Segment external net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | 493,882 |  |  | $ | 460,756 |
Industrial |  |  | 278,843 |  |  |  | 325,974 |
Total consolidated net sales |  | $ | 772,725 |  |  | $ | 786,730 |
Segment earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | 94,725 |  |  | $ | 79,002 |
Industrial |  |  | 40,197 |  |  |  | 66,881 |
Nonsegment expenses |  |  | (22,104 | ) |  |  | (26,200 | )
Interest expense, net |  |  | (10,964 | ) |  |  | (9,963 | )
Consolidated earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 101,854 |  |  | $ | 109,720 |

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Segment assets consist of accounts receivable, inventories, property, plant, and equipment, net, goodwill, and other intangibles, net. A summary of consolidated total assets by segment follows:

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Segment assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | 1,921,228 |  |  | $ | 1,936,507 |
Industrial |  |  | 1,394,947 |  |  |  | 1,509,495 |
Unallocated corporate property, plant, and equipment, net |  |  | 120,266 |  |  |  | 120,946 |
Other unallocated assets |  |  | 844,941 |  |  |  | 801,967 |
Consolidated total assets |  | $ | 4,281,382 |  |  | $ | 4,368,915 |

Note 24. Subsequent events

On January 29, 2025, the Board approved a cash dividend of $0.28 per share for the quarter, payable on March 6, 2025, for stockholders of record as of February 20, 2025.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward Looki ng Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that are deemed forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of management. Words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “seek,” “goal,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “continue,” “outlook,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “strive,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other characteristics of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may include, among others, statements relating to:

•
future sales, earnings, cash flow, uses of cash, and other measures of financial performance, including our assumptions underlying our expectations;
•
trends in our business and the markets in which we operate, including expectations for those markets, our customers and their business and products;
•
our ability to manage risks from operating internationally;
•
expectations regarding demand for our products, in particular our expectations with respect to natural gas trucks in China;
•
our expected expenses in future periods and trends in such expenses over time;
•
our expectations regarding margins and the impact of specific products, product mix, and our strategic actions on margins;
•
descriptions of our plans and expectations for future operations, including our strategic initiatives and impact of such initiatives;
•
plans and expectations relating to the performance of our joint venture with GE Aerospace;
•
the expected levels of activity in particular industries or markets and the effects of changes in those levels;
•
the scope, nature, or impact of acquisition activity and integration of such acquisition into our business;
•
the research, development, production, and support of new products and services;
•
our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions with respect to business opportunities that may be available to us;
•
our liquidity, including our ability to meet capital spending requirements and operations;
•
future dividends and repurchases of common stock;
•
future levels of indebtedness and capital spending;
•
the stability of financial institutions, including those lending to us;
•
pension and other postretirement plan assumptions and future contributions;
•
our tax rate and other effects of the changes in U.S. federal tax law;
•
availability of raw materials and components used in our products;
•
expectations relating to environmental and emissions regulations;
•
effects of data privacy, data protection, and cybersecurity regulations;
•
our ability to develop competitive technologies;
•
our consolidated customer base and ability to enhance customer experience;
•
our ability to manage risks related to U.S. Government contracting, including defense activity and spending patterns;
•
our ability to attract, retain, and develop qualified personnel and maintain favorable labor relations;
•
our ability to structure our operations in light of evolving market conditions;
•
our ability to mitigate the ongoing impacts of inflation;
•
impact of our ability to protect our intellectual property on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows; and
•
impact of any potential physical or cybersecurity attacks on our operations, business, including our financial condition, operating results, and reputation.

These forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, risk factors described in Woodward's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2024, which was filed on November 26, 2024, and other risks described in Woodward’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by applicable law. Unless we have indicated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-Q to “Woodward,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Woodward, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Except where we have otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, amounts presented in this Form 10-Q are in thousands, except per share amounts.

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OVERV IEW

Operational Highlights

Quarter to Date Highlights

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace segment |  | $ | 493,882 |  |  | $ | 460,756 |
Industrial segment |  |  | 278,843 |  |  |  | 325,974 |
Consolidated net sales |  | $ | 772,725 |  |  | $ | 786,730 |
Earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace segment |  | $ | 94,725 |  |  | $ | 79,002 |
Segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales |  |  | 19.2 | % |  |  | 17.2 | %
Industrial segment |  | $ | 40,197 |  |  | $ | 66,881 |
Segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales |  |  | 14.4 | % |  |  | 20.5 | %
Consolidated net earnings |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  | $ | 90,044 |
Adjusted net earnings |  | $ | 82,567 |  |  | $ | 89,811 |
Effective tax rate |  |  | 14.5 | % |  |  | 17.9 | %
Adjusted effective tax rate |  |  | 14.0 | % |  |  | 17.7 | %
Consolidated diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 1.42 |  |  | $ | 1.46 |
Consolidated adjusted diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | 1.45 |
Earnings before interest and taxes ("EBIT") |  | $ | 112,818 |  |  | $ | 119,683 |
Adjusted EBIT |  | $ | 106,975 |  |  | $ | 119,118 |
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA") |  | $ | 140,694 |  |  | $ | 148,508 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 134,851 |  |  | $ | 147,943 |

Adjusted net earnings, adjusted effective tax rate, adjusted earnings per share, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA are non-U.S. GAAP financial measures. A description of these measures as well as a reconciliation of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures” in this Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Liquidity Highlights

Net cash provided by operating activities for the first three months of fiscal year 2025 was $34,516, compared to $46,789 for the first three months of fiscal year 2024. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in the first three months of fiscal year 2025 compared to the first three months of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to the timing of certain cash payments for accounts payable, partially offset by timing of cash received from customers as well as increases in working capital.

For the first three months of fiscal year 2025, free cash flow was $942, compared to $4,977 for the first three months of fiscal year 2024. We define free cash flow as net cash flow provided by operating activities less payments for property, plant, and equipment. The decrease in free cash flow for the first three months of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year was primarily attributable to lower earnings, partially offset by lower capital expenditures. Free cash flow is a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure. A description of this measure as well as a reconciliation of this non-U.S. GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures” in this Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

At December 31, 2024, we held $283,726 in cash and cash equivalents and had total outstanding debt of $902,174. We have additional borrowing availability of $734,108, net of outstanding letters of credit, under our revolving credit agreement. At December 31, 2024, we also had additional borrowing capacity of $19,730 under various foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth condensed consolidated statements of earnings data as a percentage of net sales for each period indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | % of Net Sales |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | % of Net Sales |
Net sales |  | $ | 772,725 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 786,730 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold |  |  | 583,091 |  |  |  | 75.5 | % |  |  | 582,381 |  |  |  | 74.0 | %
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  | 69,696 |  |  |  | 9.0 | % |  |  | 74,511 |  |  |  | 9.5 | %
Research and development costs |  |  | 30,207 |  |  |  | 3.9 | % |  |  | 30,794 |  |  |  | 3.9 | %
Interest expense |  |  | 12,341 |  |  |  | 1.6 | % |  |  | 11,436 |  |  |  | 1.5 | %
Interest income |  |  | (1,377 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | )% |  |  | (1,473 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | )%
Other (income) expense, net |  |  | (23,087 | ) |  |  | (3.0 | )% |  |  | (20,639 | ) |  |  | (2.6 | )%
Total costs and expenses |  |  | 670,871 |  |  |  | 86.8 | % |  |  | 677,010 |  |  |  | 86.1 | %
Earnings before income taxes |  |  | 101,854 |  |  |  | 13.2 | % |  |  | 109,720 |  |  |  | 13.9 | %
Income tax expense |  |  | 14,763 |  |  |  | 1.9 | % |  |  | 19,676 |  |  |  | 2.5 | %
Net earnings |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  |  | 11.3 | % |  | $ | 90,044 |  |  |  | 11.4 | %

Other select financial data:

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Net working capital |  | $ | 809,774 |  |  | $ | 820,101 |
Total debt |  |  | 902,174 |  |  |  | 872,470 |
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 2,208,421 |  |  |  | 2,176,416 |

Net Sales

Consolidated net sales for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 decreased by $14,005, or 1.8%, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Details of the changes in consolidated net sales are as follows:

|  | Three-Month Period |
Consolidated net sales for the period ended December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 786,730 |
Aerospace volume |  |  | (7,202 | )
Industrial volume |  |  | (55,094 | )
Effects of changes in price |  |  | 49,615 |
Effects of changes in foreign currency rates |  |  | (1,324 | )
Consolidated net sales for the period ended December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 772,725 |

In the Aerospace segment, the increase in net sales for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to price realization, partially offset by inflation, unfavorable mix, and lower volumes.

In the Industrial segment, the decrease in net sales for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year was primarily a result of lower volumes and unfavorable mix, partially offset by price realization and favorable foreign currency exchange rates.

We expect significant sales and earnings decreases in our China on-highway natural gas truck business in fiscal year 2025 due to the deteriorating local Chinese economy. Future demand remains uncertain due to the volatility of this business.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of goods sold remained flat at $583,091, or 75.5% of net sales, for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, as compared to $582,381, or 74.0% of net sales, for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

Gross margin (as measured by net sales less cost of goods sold, divided by net sales) was 24.5% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to 26.0% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. The decrease in gross margin for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to lower sales volume, partially offset by price realization.

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Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $4,815, or 6.5%, to $69,696 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $74,511 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased to 9.0% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to 9.5% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. The decrease in selling, general, and administrative expenses on an absolute basis for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year is primarily due to the positive effects of changes in foreign currency rates and decreased expenses relating to our deferred compensation program, partially offset by increased headcount.

Research and development costs were consistent at $30,207, or 3.9% of net sales, for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, as compared to $30,794, or 3.9% of net sales, for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024 primarily due to variability in the timing of projects and expenses. Our research and development activities extend across almost all of our customer base, and we anticipate ongoing variability in research and development costs due to the timing of customer business needs on current and future programs.

Interest expense increased by $905, or 7.9%, to $12,341 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $11,436 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. Interest expense as a percentage of net sales was 1.6% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to 1.5% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. The increase in interest expense on an absolute basis and percentage basis for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to increased average daily borrowings on the revolving credit facility during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025.

Other income increased by $2,448 to $23,087 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $20,639 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. The increase in other income for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to a one-time gain related to product rationalization activities that was recognized in the current year first quarter that did not occur in the prior year first quarter, partially offset by a gain in the prior year first quarter associated with a non-recurring matter related to a previous acquisition that did not reoccur in the current year first quarter.

Income taxes were provided at an effective rate on earnings before income taxes of 14.5% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, and 17.9% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2023 is primarily attributable to larger stock-based compensation tax benefit in the current quarter, partially offset by a smaller estimated Research and Development Credit as well as the impact of higher projected full year earnings on state income tax expense.

Segment Results

The following table presents sales by segment:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace |  | $ | 493,882 |  |  |  | 63.9 | % |  | $ | 460,756 |  |  |  | 58.6 | %
Industrial |  |  | 278,843 |  |  |  | 36.1 | % |  |  | 325,974 |  |  |  | 41.4 | %
Consolidated net sales |  | $ | 772,725 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 786,730 |  |  |  | 100 | %

The following table presents earnings by segment and reconciles segment earnings to consolidated net earnings:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Aerospace |  | $ | 94,725 |  |  | $ | 79,002 |
Industrial |  |  | 40,197 |  |  |  | 66,881 |
Nonsegment expenses |  |  | (22,104 | ) |  |  | (26,200 | )
Interest expense, net |  |  | (10,964 | ) |  |  | (9,963 | )
Consolidated earnings before income taxes |  |  | 101,854 |  |  |  | 109,720 |
Income tax expense |  |  | (14,763 | ) |  |  | (19,676 | )
Consolidated net earnings |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  | $ | 90,044 |

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The following table presents segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Aerospace |  |  | 19.2 | % |  |  | 17.2 | %
Industrial |  |  | 14.4 | % |  |  | 20.5 | %

Aerospace

Aerospace segment net sales increased by $33,126, or 7.2%, to $493,882 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $460,756 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. The increase in Aerospace segment net sales in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to price realization, partially offset by inflation, unfavorable mix, and lower volumes.

Commercial OEM sales decreased in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year, primarily driven by the impacts from the Boeing work stoppage. Commercial aftermarket sales increased in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year, primarily due to high aircraft utilization rates.

Defense OEM and defense aftermarket sales increased in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year, primarily driven by increased demand for smart defense and fixed wing aircraft, respectively.

Aerospace segment earnings increased by $15,723, or 19.9%, to $94,725 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $79,002 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

The increase in Aerospace segment earnings was due to the following:

|  | Three-Month Period |
Earnings for the period ended December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 79,002 |
Sales volume and mix |  |  | (9,002 | )
Price, inflation, and productivity |  |  | 29,151 |
Other, net |  |  | (4,426 | )
Earnings for the period ended December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 94,725 |

Aerospace segment earnings as a percentage of segment net sales were 19.2% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to 17.2% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

Industrial

Industrial segment net sales decreased by $47,131, or 14.5%, to $278,843 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $325,974 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. The decrease in Industrial segment net sales in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year was primarily attributable to lower volumes and unfavorable mix, partially offset by price realization and favorable foreign currency exchange rates.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior year, we saw a substantial sales decline in our on-highway natural gas truck business in China due to the deteriorating local Chinese economy.

Industrial segment earnings decreased by $26,684, or 39.9%, to $40,197 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $66,881 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

The decrease in Industrial segment earnings was due to the following:

|  | Three-Month Period |
Earnings for the period ended December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 66,881 |
Sales volume and mix |  |  | (37,809 | )
Price, inflation, and productivity |  |  | 13,759 |
Effects of changes in foreign currency rates |  |  | 3,118 |
Other, net |  |  | (5,752 | )
Earnings for the period ended December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 40,197 |

Industrial segment earnings as a percentage of segment net sales were 14.4% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to 20.5% for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. Industrial earnings were significantly impacted by the sales decline in our on-highway natural gas truck business in China, partially offset by price realization, volume increases in

30

power generation and oil and gas, as well as operational improvements, including increased output and other efficiency gains.

Future demand in our on-highway natural gas truck business in China remains uncertain due to the volatility of this business.

Nonsegment

Nonsegment expenses decreased by $4,096 to $22,104 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $26,200 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

The significant items that impacted nonsegment expenses in the current year first quarter compared to the prior year first quarter are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Nonsegment expenses |  | $ | (22,104 | ) |  | $ | (26,200 | )
Product rationalization |  |  | (9,361 | ) |  |  | — |
Business development activities |  |  | 3,518 |  |  |  | 4,238 |
Non-recurring gain related to a previous acquisition |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,803 | )
Nonsegment expenses excluding infrequent significant charges |  | $ | (27,947 | ) |  | $ | (26,765 | )

Excluding these items, nonsegment expenses increased $1,182 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The remaining increase in nonsegment expenses is due to increased headcount.

LIQUIDITY AND CA PITAL RESOURCES

Historically, we have satisfied our working capital needs, as well as capital expenditures, product development, and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations, with cash flow provided by operating activities and borrowings under our credit facilities. From time to time, we have also issued debt to supplement our cash needs, repay our other indebtedness, or finance our acquisitions. We continue to expect that cash generated from our operating activities, together with borrowings under our revolving credit facility and other borrowing capacity, will be sufficient to fund our continuing operating needs for the foreseeable future.

In addition to our revolving credit facility, we have various foreign credit facilities, some of which are tied to net amounts on deposit at certain foreign financial institutions. These foreign credit facilities are reviewed annually for renewal. We use borrowings under these foreign credit facilities to finance certain local operations on a periodic basis. For further discussion of our revolving credit facility and our other credit facilities, see Note 15, Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q.

At December 31, 2024, we had total outstanding debt of $902,174 consisting of various series of unsecured notes due between 2025 and 2033 and obligations under our finance leases.

At December 31, 2024, we had $258,000 outstanding on our revolving credit facility, all of which is classified as short-term borrowings based on our intent and ability to repay this amount in the next twelve months. Revolving credit facility and short-term borrowing activity during the three months ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Maximum daily balance during the period |  | $ | 359,100 |
Average daily balance during the period |  | $ | 308,010 |
Weighted average interest rate on average daily balance |  |  | 5.66 | %

At December 31, 2024, we had additional borrowing availability of $734,108 under our revolving credit facility, net of outstanding letters of credit, and additional borrowing availability of $19,730 under various foreign credit facilities.

To our knowledge, we were in compliance with all our debt covenants as of December 31, 2024. See Note 15, Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2024, for more information about our covenants.

In addition to utilizing our cash resources to fund the working capital needs of our business, we evaluate additional strategic uses of our funds, including the repurchase of our common stock, payment of dividends, significant capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, and other potential uses of cash.

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From time to time, the Company enters into various factoring agreements with third-party financial institutions to sell certain of its receivables. Factoring activity resulted in a decrease of approximately $3,856 in cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended December 31, 2024, compared to a decrease in cash provided by operating activities of approximately $5,161 during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Our ability to service our long-term debt, to remain in compliance with the various restrictions and covenants contained in our debt agreements, and to fund working capital, capital expenditures and product development efforts will depend on our ability to generate cash from operating activities, which in turn is subject to, among other things, future operating performance as well as general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other conditions, some of which may be beyond our control.

We believe that cash flows from operations, along with our contractually committed borrowings and other borrowing capability, will continue to be sufficient to fund anticipated capital spending requirements and our operations for the foreseeable future. However, we could be adversely affected if the financial institutions providing our capital requirements refuse to honor their contractual commitments, cease lending, or declare bankruptcy. We believe the lending institutions participating in our credit arrangements are financially stable and do not currently foresee adverse impacts to financial institutions supporting our capital requirements.

Cash Flows

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 34,516 |  |  | $ | 46,789 |
Net cash (used in) investing activities |  |  | (32,100 | ) |  |  | (41,776 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | 19,386 |  |  |  | (8,091 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (20,346 | ) |  |  | 9,979 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 1,456 |  |  |  | 6,901 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  |  | 282,270 |  |  |  | 137,447 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 283,726 |  |  | $ | 144,348 |

Net cash flows provided by operating activities for the first three months of fiscal year 2025 was $34,516, compared to $46,789 for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in the first three months of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the first three months of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to the timing of certain cash payments for accounts payable, partially offset by timing of cash received from customers as well as increases in working capital.

Net cash flows used in investing activities for the first three months of fiscal year 2025 was $32,100, compared to $41,776 for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The decrease in cash flows used in investing activities in the first three months of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the first three months of the prior fiscal year is primarily due to decreased payments for property, plant, and equipment.

Net cash flows provided by financing activities for the first three months of fiscal year 2025 was $19,386, compared to net cash flows used in financing activities of $8,091 for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The increase in net cash flows provided by financing activities in the first three months of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the first three months of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to the change in net debt borrowings as compared to payments partially offset by an increase in repurchases of common stock. During the first three months of fiscal year 2025, we had net debt borrowings in the amount of $40,764, compared to net debt payments of $10,149 in the first three months of fiscal year 2024. During the first three months of fiscal year 2025, we repurchased $35,473 of our common stock, whereas in the first three months of fiscal year 2024, we did not repurchase any common stock.

Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted effective tax rate, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, and free cash flow are financial measures not prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, we believe these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures provide additional information that enables readers to evaluate our business from the perspective of management.

Earnings based non‐U.S. GAAP financial measures

Adjusted net earnings is defined by the Company as net earnings excluding, as applicable, (i) a non-recurring gain related to a previous acquisition, (ii) costs related to business development activities, and (iii) product rationalization. The

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product rationalization adjustment pertains to the divestiture of certain product lines. The Company believes that these excluded items are short‐term in nature, not directly related to the ongoing operations of the business, and therefore, the exclusion of them illustrates more clearly how the underlying business of Woodward is performing. Management uses adjusted net earnings to evaluate the Company’s performance excluding these infrequent or unusual period expenses that are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s operating performance for the period. Management defines adjusted earnings per share as adjusted net earnings, as defined above, divided by the weighted‐average number of diluted shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Adjusted income tax expense is defined by the Company as income tax expense excluding, as applicable, (i) a non-recurring gain related to a previous acquisition, (ii) costs related to business development activities, and (iii) product rationalization. The product rationalization adjustment pertains to the divestiture of certain product lines.

Management uses adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, and the adjusted effective tax rate when comparing operating performance to other periods.

The reconciliation of net earnings and earnings per share to adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share, respectively, is shown in the tables below:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | Net Earnings |  |  | Earnings Per Share |  |  | Net Earnings |  |  | Earnings Per Share |
Net earnings (U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  | $ | 1.42 |  |  | $ | 90,044 |  |  | $ | 1.46 |
Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product rationalization 1 |  |  | (9,361 | ) |  |  | (0.15 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Business development activities 2 |  |  | 3,518 |  |  |  | 0.06 |  |  |  | 4,238 |  |  |  | 0.07 |
Non-recurring gain related to a previous acquisition 1 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,803 | ) |  |  | (0.09 | )
Tax effect of Non-U.S. GAAP net earnings adjustments |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  | 332 |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments |  |  | (4,524 | ) |  |  | (0.07 | ) |  |  | (233 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | )
Adjusted net earnings (Non-U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 82,567 |  |  | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | 89,811 |  |  | $ | 1.45 |

(1)
Presented in the line item "Other (income) expense, net" in Woodward's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
(2)
Presented in item "Selling, general and administrative" expenses in Woodward's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

The reconciliation of income tax expense to adjusted income tax expense and the adjusted effective tax rate respectively, is shown in the tables below:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Income tax expense (U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 14,763 |  |  | $ | 19,676 |
Tax effect of Non-U.S. GAAP net income adjustments |  |  | (1,319 | ) |  |  | (332 | )
Adjusted income tax expense (Non-U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 13,444 |  |  | $ | 19,344 |
Adjusted effective tax rate (Non-U.S. GAAP) |  |  | 14.0 | % |  |  | 17.7 | %

Management uses EBIT to evaluate Woodward’s performance without financing and tax related considerations, as these elements do not fluctuate with operating results. Management uses EBITDA in evaluating Woodward’s operating performance, making business decisions, including developing budgets, managing expenditures, forecasting future periods, and evaluating capital structure impacts of various strategic scenarios. Securities analysts, investors, and others frequently use EBIT and EBITDA in their evaluation of companies, particularly those with significant property, plant, and equipment, and intangible assets subject to amortization. The Company believes that EBIT and EBITDA are useful measures to the investor when measuring operating performance as they eliminate the impact of financing and tax expenses, which are non-operating expenses and may be driven by factors outside of the Company’s operations, such as changes in tax laws or regulations, and, in the case of EBITDA, the noncash charges associated with depreciation and amortization. Further, as interest from financing, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization can vary dramatically between companies and between periods, management believes that the removal of these items can improve comparability.

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Adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA represent further non-U.S. GAAP adjustments to EBIT and EBITDA, in each case adjusted to exclude, as applicable, (i) a non-recurring gain related to a previous acquisition, (ii) costs related to business development activities, and (iii) product rationalization. The product rationalization adjustment pertains to the divestiture of certain product lines. As these charges are infrequent or unusual items that can be variable from period to period and do not fluctuate with operating results, management believes removing these gains and costs from EBIT and EBITDA improves comparability of past, present, and future operating results and provides consistency when comparing EBIT and EBITDA between periods.

EBIT and adjusted EBIT reconciled to net earnings were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net earnings (U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  | $ | 90,044 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 14,763 |  |  |  | 19,676 |
Interest expense |  |  | 12,341 |  |  |  | 11,436 |
Interest income |  |  | (1,377 | ) |  |  | (1,473 | )
EBIT (Non-U.S. GAAP) |  |  | 112,818 |  |  |  | 119,683 |
Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Product rationalization 1 |  |  | (9,361 | ) |  |  | — |
Business development activities 2 |  |  | 3,518 |  |  |  | 4,238 |
Non-recurring gain related to a previous acquisition 1 |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,803 | )
Total non-U.S. GAAP adjustments |  |  | (5,843 | ) |  |  | (565 | )
Adjusted EBIT (Non-U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 106,975 |  |  | $ | 119,118 |

(1)
Presented in the line item "Other (income) expense, net" in Woodward's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
(2)
Presented in item "Selling, general and administrative" expenses in Woodward's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA reconciled to net earnings were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net earnings (U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 87,091 |  |  | $ | 90,044 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 14,763 |  |  |  | 19,676 |
Interest expense |  |  | 12,341 |  |  |  | 11,436 |
Interest income |  |  | (1,377 | ) |  |  | (1,473 | )
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 6,914 |  |  |  | 8,599 |
Depreciation expense |  |  | 20,962 |  |  |  | 20,226 |
EBITDA (Non-U.S. GAAP) |  |  | 140,694 |  |  |  | 148,508 |
Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Product rationalization 1 |  |  | (9,361 | ) |  |  | — |
Business development activities 2 |  |  | 3,518 |  |  |  | 4,238 |
Non-recurring gain related to a previous acquisition 1 |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,803 | )
Total non-U.S. GAAP adjustments |  |  | (5,843 | ) |  |  | (565 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 134,851 |  |  | $ | 147,943 |

(1)
Presented in the line item "Other (income) expense, net" in Woodward's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
(2)
Presented in item "Selling, general and administrative" expenses in Woodward's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

The use of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As adjusted net earnings, adjusted net earnings per share, adjusted effective tax rate, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA exclude certain financial information compared with net earnings, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, users of this financial information should consider the information that is excluded. Our calculations of adjusted net earnings, adjusted net earnings per share, adjusted effective tax rate, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

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Cash flow‐based non‐U.S. GAAP financial measures

Management uses free cash flow, which is defined by the Company as net cash flows provided by operating activities less payments for property, plant, and equipment, in reviewing the financial performance of and cash generation by Woodward’s various business groups and evaluating cash levels. We believe free cash flow is a useful measure for investors because it portrays our ability to grow organically and generate cash from our businesses for purposes such as paying interest on our indebtedness, repaying maturing debt, funding business acquisitions, purchasing our common stock, paying dividends, and investing in additional research and development. In addition, securities analysts, investors, and others frequently use free cash flow in their evaluation of companies.

The use of these non‐U.S. GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation of, or as substitutes for, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Free cash flow does not necessarily represent funds available for discretionary use and are not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. Our calculation of free cash flow may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

Free cash flow reconciled to net cash provided by operating activities were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net cash provided by operating activities (U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 34,516 |  |  | $ | 46,789 |
Payments for property, plant and equipment |  |  | (33,574 | ) |  |  | (41,812 | )
Free cash flow (Non-U.S. GAAP) |  | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 4,977 |

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Note 1, Operations and summary of significant accounting policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our most recently filed Form 10-K, describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our critical accounting estimates, identified in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our most recently filed Form 10-K, include the discussion of estimates used for revenue recognition, inventory valuation, reviews for impairment of goodwill and other indefinitely lived intangible assets, and our provision for income taxes. Such accounting estimates require significant judgments and assumptions to be used in the preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q, and actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported.

New Accounting Standards

From time to time, the FASB or other standards-setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements. Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification are communicated through issuance of an Accounting Standards Update.

To understand the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted, please review the information provided in Note 2, New accounting standards in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted in the future, is not expected to have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

In the normal course of business, we have exposures to interest rate risk from our long-term and short-term debt and our postretirement benefit plans, and foreign currency exchange rate risk related to our foreign operations and foreign currency transactions. We are also exposed to various market risks that arise from transactions entered into in the normal course of business related to items such as the cost of raw materials and changes in inflation. Certain contractual relationships with customers and vendors mitigate risks from changes in raw material costs and foreign currency exchange rate changes that arise from normal purchasing and normal sales activities.

These market risks are discussed more fully in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of our most recent Form 10-K. These market risks have not materially changed since the date our most recent Form 10-K was filed with the SEC.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Principal Executive Officer (Charles (“Chip”) P. Blankenship, Jr., Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President) and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer (William F. Lacey, Chief Financial Officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Chip P. Blankenship, Jr. and William F. Lacey evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15 under the Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on their evaluations, they concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2024.

There have not been any changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Woodward is currently involved in claims, pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceedings, investigations, and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, those relating to product liability claims, employment matters, worker’s compensation claims, contractual disputes, product warranty claims, and alleged violations of various laws and regulations. Woodward accrues for known individual matters using estimates of the most likely amount of loss where it believes that it is probable the matter will result in a loss when ultimately resolved and such loss is reasonably estimable.

While the outcome of pending claims, legal and regulatory proceedings, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that any liabilities that may result from these claims, proceedings, and investigations will not have a material effect on Woodward's liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.

Ite m 1A. Risk Factors

Investment in our securities involves risk. An investor or potential investor should consider the risks summarized under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Form 10-K when making investment decisions regarding our securities. The risk factors that were disclosed in our most recent Form 10-K have not materially changed since the date our most recent Form 10-K was filed with the SEC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (In thousands, except for shares and per share amounts) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Weighted Average Price Paid Per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) |  |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that may yet be Purchased under the Plans or Programs at Period End (1) |
October 1, 2024 through October 31, 2024 (2) |  |  | 62,568 |  |  | $ | 170.62 |  |  |  | 62,393 |  |  | $ | 198,533 |
November 1, 2024 through November 30, 2024 (2) |  |  | 62,481 |  |  |  | 163.01 |  |  |  | 62,393 |  |  |  | 188,364 |
December 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024 (2) |  |  | 81,055 |  |  |  | 180.85 |  |  |  | 81,037 |  |  |  | 173,708 |

(1)
In January 2024, the Board terminated the prior share repurchase authorization which was nearing expiration and authorized a program for the repurchase of up to $600,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three-year period ending in January 2027.
(2)
Under a trust established for the purposes of administering the Woodward Executive Benefit Plan, 175 shares of common stock were acquired in October 2024, 25 shares of common stock were acquired in November 2024, and 18 shares of common stock were acquired in December 2024 on the open market related to the deferral of compensation by certain eligible members of Woodward’s management who irrevocably elected to invest some or all of their deferred compensation in Woodward common stock. In addition, 63 shares of common stock were acquired in November 2024 on the open market related to the reinvestment of dividends for shares of treasury stock held for deferred compensation. Shares owned by the trust, which is a separate legal entity, are included in "Treasury stock held for deferred compensation" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Item 5. Other Information

On December 6, 2024, Thomas G. Cromwell, the Company's Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, entered into a new trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. The new trading plan provides for the sale of up to 33,300 shares of common stock of the Company upon the exercise of non-qualified stock options, and terminates on December 5, 2025. Prior to entering into the new trading plan, Mr. Cromwell’s previous trading plan entered into on May 17, 2024 terminated according to its terms because all transactions under the trading plan were completed.

During the three months ended December 31, 2024, no other directors or officers, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” each as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408.

Item 6. E xhibits

Exhibits filed as part of this Report are listed in the Exhibit Index.

WOODWARD, INC.

EXHIBIT INDEX

| Exhibit Number | Description
* | 31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of Charles P. Blankenship, Jr.
* | 31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of William F. Lacey
* | 32.1 | Section 1350 certifications
* | 101 | The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
* | 104 | Cover page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and are contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed as an exhibit to this Report

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SIGNA TURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | WOODWARD, INC.
Date: February 4, 2025 |  | /s/ Charles P. Blankenship, Jr.
|  | Charles P. Blankenship, Jr.
|  | Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President (on behalf of the registrant and as the registrant’s Principal Executive Officer)
Date: February 4, 2025 |  | /s/ William F. Lacey
|  | William F. Lacey
|  | Chief Financial Officer (on behalf of the registrant and as the registrant’s Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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