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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

Note 19. Income taxes

The determination of the estimated annual effective tax rate is based upon a number of significant estimates and judgments. In addition, as a global commercial enterprise, Woodward’s tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates, tax laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, changes in the estimate of the amount of undistributed foreign earnings that Woodward considers indefinitely reinvested, issuance of future guidance, interpretation, and rule-making, and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

The following table sets forth the tax expense and the effective tax rate for Woodward’s earnings before income taxes:

 

 

Three Months Ended June 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended June 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Earnings before income taxes

 

$

126,836

 

 

$

122,096

 

 

$

361,653

 

 

$

352,440

 

Income tax expense

 

 

18,388

 

 

 

20,021

 

 

 

57,165

 

 

 

62,765

 

Effective tax rate

 

 

14.5

%

 

 

16.4

%

 

 

15.8

%

 

 

17.8

%

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 were primarily attributable to a decrease to the projected future withholding taxes on unremitted foreign earnings, increased earnings in lower taxed foreign jurisdictions, an increase to the Poland research and development credit in the current fiscal year, and higher state income tax credits. This decrease was partially offset by a lower U.S. research and development credit and an increased apportionment to higher taxed states.

The decrease in the effective tax rate for first nine months of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year was primarily attributable to a larger stock-based compensation tax benefit, a decrease to projected future withholding taxes on unremitted foreign earnings, an increase to the Poland research and development credit in the current fiscal year, and higher state income tax credits. This decrease was partially offset by a lower U.S. research and development credit and an increased apportionment to higher taxed states.

Gross unrecognized tax benefits were $18,459 as of June 30, 2025, and $14,273 as of September 30, 2024. At June 30, 2025, the amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact Woodward’s effective tax rate was $9,782. At this time, Woodward believes it is reasonably possible that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by as much as $1,909 in the next twelve months due to the completion of review by tax authorities, lapses of statutes, and the settlement of tax positions. Woodward’s tax expense includes accruals for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and all other interest and penalties related to tax payments.

Woodward’s tax returns are subject to audits by U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, and these audits are at various stages of completion at any given time. Reviews of tax matters by authorities and lapses of the applicable statutes of limitation may result in changes to tax expense. Generally, Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for U.S. Federal income taxes include fiscal years 2021 and thereafter. Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for significant U.S. state income tax jurisdictions include fiscal years 2018 and thereafter. Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination in significant foreign jurisdictions include 2018 and thereafter.