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Income Taxes | 6 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2026
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Note 19. Income taxes The determination of the estimated annual effective tax rate is based upon a number of significant estimates and judgments. In addition, as a global commercial enterprise, Woodward’s tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates, tax laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, changes in the estimate of the amount of undistributed foreign earnings that Woodward considers indefinitely reinvested, issuance of future guidance, interpretation, and rule-making, and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions. The following table sets forth the tax expense and the effective tax rate for Woodward’s earnings before income taxes:
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2026 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 2025 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 167,427 |  |  | $ | 132,963 |  |  | $ | 336,578 |  |  | $ | 234,817 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 33,414 |  |  |  | 24,014 |  |  |  | 68,846 |  |  |  | 38,777 |
Effective tax rate |  |  | 20.0 | % |  |  | 18.1 | % |  |  | 20.5 | % |  |  | 16.5 | %
The increases in the effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and the six months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same periods of the prior fiscal year were primarily attributable to remeasurement to tax reserves, the current year elimination of the U.S. intangible income tax benefit due to the one-time reversal of research costs previously capitalized, a reduction to the U.S. Federal Research and Development Credit, and unfavorable state tax law changes. These increases were partially offset by increases in the tax benefit from stock-based compensation. Gross unrecognized tax benefits were $24,329 as of March 31, 2026 and $17,271 as of September 30, 2025. At March 31, 2026, the amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact Woodward’s effective tax rate was $14,438. At this time, Woodward believes it is reasonably possible that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by as much as $1,326 in the next 12 months due to the completion of review by tax authorities, lapses of statutes, and the settlement of tax positions. Woodward’s tax expense includes accruals for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and all other interest and penalties related to tax payments. Woodward’s tax returns are subject to audits by U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, and these audits are at various stages of completion at any given time. Reviews of tax matters by authorities and lapses of the applicable statutes of limitation may result in changes to tax expense. Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for U.S. Federal income taxes include fiscal years 2022 and thereafter. Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for significant U.S. state income tax jurisdictions include fiscal years 2020 and thereafter. Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination in significant foreign jurisdictions include 2018 and thereafter.

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