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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 29, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Jan. 01, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net Income (Loss) | $ 584,170 | $ 519,118 | $ 452,263
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 87,732 | 80,640 | 80,251
Refranchising loss (gain) | 158 | 149 | (21,173)
Loss on sale/disposal of assets | 1,527 | 1,299 | 1,813
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 5,298 | 5,535 | 5,645
(Benefit) provision for deferred income taxes | (9,117) | (19,509) | 253
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense | 43,255 | 37,514 | 28,709
Excess tax benefits from equity-based compensation | (22,241) | (3,397) | (2,169)
Provision for losses on accounts and notes receivable | 191 | 1,472 | 3,536
Unrealized and realized gain on investments, net | (22,064) | (17,713) | 0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (27,353) | (26,515) | (6,333)
Inventories, prepaid expenses and other | 6,651 | 160 | (17,059)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (10,218) | 69,373 | (36,605)
Insurance reserves | (5,557) | (5,163) | 1,507
Operating lease assets and liabilities | (558) | 632 | 2,174
Advertising fund assets and liabilities, restricted | (6,977) | (52,731) | (17,495)
Net cash provided by operating activities | 624,897 | 590,864 | 475,317
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (112,885) | (105,396) | (87,234)
Sale of investments | 82,918 | 0 | 0
Proceeds from sale of assets | 74 | 161 | 41,089
Purchases of franchise operations and other assets | 0 | 0 | (6,814)
Other | (1,336) | (1,682) | (722)
Net cash used in investing activities | (31,229) | (106,917) | (53,681)
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 0 | 14,898 | 120,000
Repayments of long-term debt and finance lease obligations | (17,647) | (55,705) | (175,676)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 36,024 | 8,656 | 3,312
Purchases of common stock | (329,557) | (269,025) | (293,740)
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting | (11,098) | (5,410) | (10,720)
Payments of common stock dividends and equivalents | (209,945) | (169,772) | (157,531)
Cash paid for financing costs | 0 | 0 | (1,594)
Net cash used in financing activities | (532,223) | (476,358) | (515,949)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (2,154) | 340 | (963)
Change in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents | 59,291 | 7,929 | (95,276)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 114,098 | 60,356 | 148,160
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 200,870 | 191,289 | 180,579
Cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, beginning of period | 88,165 | 143,559 | 161,741
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, beginning of period | 403,133 | 395,204 | 490,480
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | 186,126 | 114,098 | 60,356
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period | 195,370 | 200,870 | 191,289
Cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, end of period | 80,928 | 88,165 | 143,559
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, end of period | $ 462,424 | $ 403,133 | $ 395,204

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