The Company began efforts to reduce its operating expense growth rate due to economic conditions in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. The Company recorded employee termination expenses, and an impairment charge related to abandoned technology assets during the year ended December 31, 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company implemented additional measures including consolidating its office space utilization, performing a strategic review of its content portfolio, reducing outside services expenses, and slowing its year-over-year headcount expense growth rate through a workforce reduction and limiting new hires, among other measures. As a result of these measures, the Company recorded restructuring charges associated with employee termination expenses consisting primarily of severance payments, employee benefits contributions, payroll taxes and related costs, impairment charges related to decisions to sub-lease and cease the use of certain office facilities and related property and equipment, and impairment charges related to removing select licensed and produced content from The Roku Channel during that period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded restructuring charges associated with employee termination expenses consisting primarily of severance payments, employee benefits contributions, payroll taxes and related costs, and impairment charges related to decisions to sub-lease and cease the use of certain office facilities and related property and equipment.


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024								Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Employee Terminations		Facilities Exit Costs		Assets Impairment Charges		Total		Employee Terminations		Facilities Exit Costs		Assets Impairment Charges		Total
Cost of revenue, platform	$	(10)	$	—	$	—	$	(10)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Cost of revenue, devices	1		—		5		6		—		—		—		—
Research and development	383		37		533		953		13,850		—		—		13,850
Sales and marketing	686		2		173		861		6,677		—		—		6,677
General and administrative	(130)		(24)		140		(14)		4,712		1,693		4,338		10,743
Total restructuring charges	$	930	$	15	$	851	$	1,796	$	25,239	$	1,693	$	4,338	$	31,270

The asset impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 include $0.6 million of operating lease right-of-use assets impairment, and $0.5 million of property and equipment impairment, offset by $0.3 million of adjustments to other long-term liabilities and assets. The asset impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include $3.8 million of operating lease right-of-use assets impairment, and $0.5 million of property and equipment impairment.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of employee termination restructuring charges and facilities exit costs, which are included in Accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024						Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Employee Terminations		Facilities Exit Costs		Total		Employee Terminations		Facilities Exit Costs		Total
Beginning balance	$	12,661	$	1,198	$	13,859	$	22,093	$	—	$	22,093
Restructuring charges incurred	930		15		945		25,239		1,693		26,932
Payments made	(11,248)		(309)		(11,557)		(22,133)		(398)		(22,531)
Ending balance	$	2,343	$	904	$	3,247	$	25,199	$	1,295	$	26,494