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Derivatives | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Derivatives | Derivatives The Company uses derivatives to manage exposure to market risk, primarily interest rate risk and foreign currency risk, and to assist customers with their risk management objectives. The Company’s goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity and volatility so that movements in interest rates are not significant to earnings or capital. The Company also uses foreign exchange contracts to manage the foreign exchange rate risk associated with certain foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities, as well as the Company’s investment in its China subsidiary, East West Bank (China) Limited. The Company recognizes all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value. While the Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments in a qualifying hedge accounting relationship, other derivatives consist of economic hedges. For additional information on the Company’s derivatives and hedging activities, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2018 Form 10-K. The following table presents the total notional amounts and gross fair values of the Company’s derivatives, as well as the balance sheet netting adjustments on an aggregate basis as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The derivative assets and liabilities are presented on a gross basis prior to the application of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements, but after the variation margin payments with central clearing organizations have been applied as settlement, as applicable. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received or paid as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The resulting net derivative asset and liability fair values are included in Other assets and Accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
($ in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities |  |  | Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 31,026 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,804 |  |  | $ | 35,811 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,866 |
Net investment hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | 84,831 |  |  | — |  |  | 431 |  |  | 90,245 |  |  | — |  |  | 611 |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | $ | 115,857 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,235 |  |  | $ | 126,056 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,477 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 14,139,233 |  |  | $ | 264,603 |  |  | $ | 168,113 |  |  | $ | 11,695,499 |  |  | $ | 69,818 |  |  | $ | 69,267 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | 4,638,136 |  |  | 59,512 |  |  | 50,397 |  |  | 3,407,522 |  |  | 21,624 |  |  | 19,329 |
Credit contracts |  | 211,343 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 119,320 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 164 |
Equity contracts |  | — |  | (1) | 1,542 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | (1) | 1,951 |  |  | — |
Commodity contracts |  | — |  | (2) | 32,978 |  |  | 41,867 |  |  | — |  | (2) | 14,422 |  |  | 23,068 |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  | $ | 18,988,712 |  |  | $ | 358,639 |  |  | $ | 260,499 |  |  | $ | 15,222,341 |  |  | $ | 107,816 |  |  | $ | 111,828 |
Gross derivative assets/liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 358,639 |  |  | $ | 263,734 |  |  |  |  | $ | 107,816 |  |  | $ | 118,305 |
Less: Master netting agreements |  |  |  | (62,741 | ) |  | (62,741 | ) |  |  |  | (31,569 | ) |  | (31,569 | )
Less: Cash collateral received/paid |  |  |  | (6,587 | ) |  | (47,979 | ) |  |  |  | (13,577 | ) |  | (6,833 | )
Net derivative assets/liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 289,311 |  |  | $ | 153,014 |  |  |  |  | $ | 62,670 |  |  | $ | 79,903 |
(1) | The Company held equity contracts in three public companies and 17 private companies as of September 30, 2019. In comparison, the Company held equity contracts in four public companies and 18 private companies as of December 31, 2018.
(2) | The notional amount of the Company’s commodity contracts entered with its customers totaled 7,166 thousand barrels of crude oil and 33,089 thousand units of natural gas, measured in million British thermal units (“MMBTUs”) as of September 30, 2019. In comparison, the notional amount of the Company’s commodity contracts entered with its customers totaled 2,507 thousand barrels of crude oil and 14,722 thousand MMBTUs of natural gas as of December 31, 2018. The Company simultaneously entered into the offsetting commodity contracts with mirrored terms with third-party financial institutions.
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments Fair Value Hedges — The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain certificates of deposit due to changes in the benchmark interest rates. The Company enters into interest rate swaps, which are designated as fair value hedges. The interest rate swaps involve the exchange of variable rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amounts. The following table presents the net gains (losses) recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Income related to the derivatives designated as fair value hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Gains (losses) recorded in interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recognized on interest rate swaps |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | (241 | ) |  | $ | 3,056 |  |  | $ | (2,089 | )
Recognized on certificates of deposit |  | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | 520 |  |  | $ | (2,732 | ) |  | $ | 2,239 |
The following table presents the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of fair value hedge accounting that was included in the carrying amount of the hedged certificates of deposit as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
($ in thousands) |  | Carrying Value (1) |  | Cumulative Fair Value Adjustment (2)
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Certificates of deposit |  | $ | (29,276 | ) |  | $ | (26,877 | ) |  | $ | 1,408 |  |  | $ | 4,141 |
(1) | Represents the full carrying amount of the hedged certificates of deposit.
(2) | For liabilities, decrease to carrying value.
Net Investment Hedges — ASC 830-20, Foreign Currency Matters — Foreign Currency Transactions and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, allow hedging of the foreign currency risk of a net investment in a foreign operation. The Company enters into foreign currency contracts to hedge a portion of its investment in East West Bank (China) Limited, a non-USD functional currency subsidiary in China. The hedging instruments designated as net investment hedges, involve hedging the risk of changes in the USD equivalent value of a designated monetary amount of the Company’s net investment in East West Bank (China) Limited, against the risk of adverse changes in the foreign currency exchange rate of the Chinese Renminbi. The Company may de-designate the net investment hedges when the Company expects the hedge will cease to be highly effective. The notional and fair value amounts of the net investment hedges, made up of foreign exchange forwards, were $84.8 million and a $431 thousand liability, respectively, as of September 30, 2019. In comparison, the notional and fair value amounts of the net investment hedges, made up of foreign exchange swaps, were $90.2 million and a $611 thousand liability, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. The following table presents the gains recognized in AOCI on net investment hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Gains recognized in AOCI |  | $ | 2,954 |  |  | $ | 2,960 |  |  | $ | 351 |  |  | $ | 6,745 |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Interest Rate Contracts — The Company enters into interest rate contracts, which include interest rate swaps and options with its customers to allow customers to hedge against the risk of rising interest rates on their variable rate loans. To economically hedge against the interest rate risks in the products offered to its customers, the Company enters into mirrored offsetting interest rate contracts with third-party financial institutions, including central clearing organizations. Beginning in January 2018, the London Clearing House (“LCH”) amended its rulebook to legally characterize variation margin payments made to and received from LCH as settlements of derivatives, and not as collateral against derivatives. Included in the total notional amount of $7.07 billion of interest rates contracts entered into with financial counterparties as of September 30, 2019, was a notional amount of $2.25 billion of interest rate swaps that cleared through LCH. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to LCH cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in derivative asset fair value of $317 thousand and liability fair value of $103.3 million, as of September 30, 2019. In comparison, included in the total notional amount of $5.85 billion of interest rates contracts entered into with financial counterparties as of December 31, 2018, was a notional amount of $1.66 billion of interest rate swaps that cleared through LCH. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to LCH cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in derivative asset fair value of $16.4 million and liability fair value of $16.0 million as of December 31, 2018. The following tables present the notional amounts and the gross fair values of interest rate derivative contracts outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
($ in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Written options |  | $ | 1,009,823 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | Purchased options |  | $ | 1,009,823 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | — |
Sold collars and corridors |  | 495,511 |  |  | 3,592 |  |  | 6 |  |  | Collars and corridors |  | 495,511 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3,641 |
Swaps |  | 5,560,947 |  |  | 260,251 |  |  | 975 |  |  | Swaps |  | 5,567,618 |  |  | 693 |  |  | 163,432 |
Total |  | $ | 7,066,281 |  |  | $ | 263,843 |  |  | $ | 1,040 |  |  | Total |  | $ | 7,072,952 |  |  | $ | 760 |  |  | $ | 167,073 |
($ in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Written options |  | $ | 931,601 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 492 |  |  | Purchased options |  | $ | 931,601 |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | — |
Sold collars and corridors |  | 429,879 |  |  | 1,121 |  |  | 305 |  |  | Collars and corridors |  | 429,879 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 1,140 |
Swaps |  | 4,482,881 |  |  | 41,457 |  |  | 41,545 |  |  | Swaps |  | 4,489,658 |  |  | 26,429 |  |  | 25,785 |
Total |  | $ | 5,844,361 |  |  | $ | 42,578 |  |  | $ | 42,342 |  |  | Total |  | $ | 5,851,138 |  |  | $ | 27,240 |  |  | $ | 26,925 |
Foreign Exchange Contracts — The Company enters into foreign exchange contracts with its customers, consisting of forwards, spot, swap and option contracts to accommodate the business needs of its customers. For a portion of the foreign exchange contracts entered into with its customers, the Company either enters into offsetting foreign exchange contracts with third-party financial institutions or acquires collateral on a portfolio basis primarily in the form of cash to manage its exposure. The Company also utilizes foreign exchange contracts, which are not designated as hedging instruments to mitigate the economic effect of currency fluctuations on certain foreign currency-denominated on-balance sheet assets and liabilities, primarily for foreign currency-denominated deposits offered to its customers. A majority of the foreign exchange contracts have original maturities of one year or less as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The following tables present the notional amounts and the gross fair values of foreign exchange derivative contracts outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
($ in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Forwards and spot |  | $ | 3,205,662 |  |  | $ | 46,233 |  |  | $ | 34,023 |  |  | Forwards and spot |  | $ | 321,044 |  |  | $ | 2,538 |  |  | $ | 5,171 |
Swaps |  | 10,091 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 217 |  |  | Swaps |  | 760,748 |  |  | 7,239 |  |  | 7,554 |
Written options |  | 85,379 |  |  | 640 |  |  | — |  |  | Purchased options |  | 85,379 |  |  | — |  |  | 640 |
Collars |  | 5,344 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 209 |  |  | Collars |  | 164,489 |  |  | 2,755 |  |  | 2,583 |
Total |  | $ | 3,306,476 |  |  | $ | 46,980 |  |  | $ | 34,449 |  |  | Total |  | $ | 1,331,660 |  |  | $ | 12,532 |  |  | $ | 15,948 |
($ in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Forwards and spot |  | $ | 2,023,425 |  |  | $ | 11,719 |  |  | $ | 13,079 |  |  | Forwards and spot |  | $ | 506,342 |  |  | $ | 3,407 |  |  | $ | 2,285 |
Swaps |  | 21,108 |  |  | 348 |  |  | 243 |  |  | Swaps |  | 687,845 |  |  | 5,764 |  |  | 3,336 |
Written options |  | 537 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | Purchased options |  | 537 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Collars |  | 83,864 |  |  | — |  |  | 370 |  |  | Collars |  | 83,864 |  |  | 370 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 2,128,934 |  |  | $ | 12,083 |  |  | $ | 13,692 |  |  | Total |  | $ | 1,278,588 |  |  | $ | 9,541 |  |  | $ | 5,637 |
Credit Contracts — The Company may periodically enter into RPA contracts to manage its credit exposure on interest rate contracts associated with syndicated loans. The Company may enter into protection sold or protection purchased RPAs with institutional counterparties. Under the RPA, the Company will receive or make a payment if a borrower defaults on the related interest rate contract. The Company manages its credit risk on RPAs by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrowers and institutional counterparties, which is based on the Company’s normal credit review process. The referenced entities of the RPAs were investment grade as of both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The notional amount of the RPAs reflects the Company’s pro-rata share of the derivative instrument. The following table presents the notional amounts and the gross fair values of RPAs sold and purchased outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
($ in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
RPAs - protection sold |  | $ | 200,629 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 108,606 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 164 |
RPAs - protection purchased |  | 10,714 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,714 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total RPAs |  | $ | 211,343 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 119,320 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 164 |
Assuming all underlying borrowers referenced in the interest rate contracts defaulted as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the exposure from the RPAs with protections sold would be $117 thousand and $125 thousand, respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the weighted-average remaining maturities of the outstanding RPAs were 2.4 years and 6.6 years, respectively. Equity Contracts — As part of the Company’s loan origination process, from time to time, the Company obtains equity warrants to purchase preferred and common stock of technology and life sciences companies it provides loans to. Equity warrants grant the Company the right to buy a certain class of the underlying company’s equity at a certain price before expiration. The Company held warrants in three public companies and 17 private companies as of September 30, 2019, and held warrants in four public companies and 18 private companies as of December 31, 2018. The total fair value of the warrants held in both public and private companies was a $1.5 million asset and $2.0 million asset as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Commodity Contracts — In 2018, the Company entered into energy commodity contracts in the form of swaps and options with its commercial loan customers to allow them to hedge against the risk of fluctuation in energy commodity prices. To economically hedge against the risk of fluctuation in commodity prices in the products offered to its customers, the Company entered into offsetting commodity contracts with third-party financial institutions to manage the exposure with its customers. Beginning in January 2017, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) amended its rulebook to legally characterize variation margin payments made to and received from CME as settlements of derivatives and not as collateral against derivatives. The notional quantities that cleared through CME totaled 2,160 thousand barrels of crude oil and 3,980 thousand MMBTUs of natural gas as of September 30, 2019. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to CME-cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in gross derivative asset fair value of $13.2 million as of September 30, 2019, for a net liability fair value of $3.0 million. In comparison, the notional quantities that cleared through CME totaled 778 thousand barrels of crude oil and 6,290 thousand MMBTUs of natural gas as of December 31, 2018. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to CME-cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in gross derivative asset fair value of $10.4 million and liability fair value of $582 thousand as of December 31, 2018, for a net asset fair value of $622 thousand. The following tables present the notional amounts and fair values of the commodity derivative positions outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
($ and units in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ and units in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Unit |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Unit |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Crude oil: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Crude oil: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Written options |  | 148 |  |  | Barrels |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | Purchased options |  | 148 |  |  | Barrels |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | — |
Collars |  | 2,838 |  |  | Barrels |  | 19 |  |  | 5,523 |  |  | Collars |  | 3,384 |  |  | Barrels |  | 6,141 |  |  | 713 |
Swaps |  | 4,180 |  |  | Barrels |  | 1,454 |  |  | 22,806 |  |  | Swaps |  | 4,299 |  |  | Barrels |  | 14,922 |  |  | 1,939 |
Total |  | 7,166 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,473 |  |  | $ | 28,634 |  |  | Total |  | 7,831 |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,288 |  |  | $ | 2,652 |
Natural gas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Natural gas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Written options |  | 570 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | Purchased Options |  | 560 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |
Collars |  | 10,742 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | 447 |  |  | Collars |  | 10,672 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | 183 |
Swaps |  | 21,777 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 2,588 |  |  | 7,024 |  |  | Swaps |  | 22,938 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 6,979 |  |  | 2,885 |
Total |  | 33,089 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,816 |  |  | $ | 7,513 |  |  | Total |  | 34,170 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,401 |  |  | $ | 3,068 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,289 |  |  | $ | 36,147 |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 28,689 |  |  | $ | 5,720 |
($ and units in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ and units in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Unit |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Unit |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Crude oil: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Crude oil: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Written options |  | 524 |  |  | Barrels |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,628 |  |  | Purchased options |  | 524 |  |  | Barrels |  | $ | 2,251 |  |  | $ | — |
Collars |  | 872 |  |  | Barrels |  | — |  |  | 3,772 |  |  | Collars |  | 872 |  |  | Barrels |  | 3,225 |  |  | — |
Swaps |  | 1,111 |  |  | Barrels |  | — |  |  | 14,278 |  |  | Swaps |  | 1,111 |  |  | Barrels |  | 5,799 |  |  | — |
Total |  | 2,507 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,678 |  |  | Total |  | 2,507 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,275 |  |  | $ | — |
Natural gas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Natural gas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collars |  | 3,063 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 152 |  |  | Collars |  | 3,063 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 64 |
Swaps |  | 11,659 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 1,049 |  |  | 1,857 |  |  | Swaps |  | 11,659 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 1,869 |  |  | 317 |
Total |  | 14,722 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,127 |  |  | $ | 2,009 |  |  | Total |  | 14,722 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,020 |  |  | $ | 381 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,127 |  |  | $ | 22,687 |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,295 |  |  | $ | 381 |
The following table presents the net gains (losses) recognized on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ in thousands) |  | Classification on Consolidated Statement of Income |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | Interest rate contracts and other derivative income |  | $ | (2,738 | ) |  | $ | 653 |  |  | $ | (5,876 | ) |  | $ | 1,847 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | Foreign exchange income |  | 5,306 |  |  | 4,612 |  |  | 15,127 |  |  | 11,115 |
Credit contracts |  | Interest rate contracts and other derivative income |  | (3 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | 44 |  |  | (49 | )
Equity contracts |  | Lending fees |  | (442 | ) |  | 531 |  |  | 725 |  |  | 970 |
Commodity contracts |  | Interest rate contracts and other derivative income |  | 14 |  |  | (45 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
Net gains |  |  |  | $ | 2,137 |  |  | $ | 5,771 |  |  | $ | 10,016 |  |  | $ | 13,878 |
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features — Certain over-the-counter derivative contracts of the Company contain early termination provisions that may require the Company to settle any outstanding balances upon the occurrence of a specified credit-risk-related event. These events, which are defined by the existing derivative contracts, primarily relate to a downgrade in the credit rating of East West Bank to below investment grade. As of September 30, 2019, the net fair value of all derivative instruments with such credit-risk-related contingent features was a $71.3 million net liability position, comprising $538 thousand in derivative assets and $71.9 million in derivative liabilities; the associated posted collateral was $71.1 million. As of December 31, 2018, the net fair value of all derivative instruments with such credit-risk-related contingent features was an $11.4 million net liability position, comprising $2.8 million in derivative assets and $14.2 million in derivative liabilities; the associated posted collateral was $9.4 million. In the event that the credit rating of East West Bank had been downgraded to below investment grade, minimal additional collateral would have been required to be posted as of both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Offsetting of Derivatives The following tables present the gross derivative fair values, the balance sheet netting adjustments and the resulting net fair values recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, as well as the cash and non-cash collateral associated with master netting arrangements. The gross amounts of derivative assets and liabilities are presented after the application of variation margin payments as settlements with centrally cleared organizations, where applicable. The collateral amounts in the following tables are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability, after the application of netting; therefore, instances of overcollateralization are not shown:
($ in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019
|  | Gross Amounts Recognized (1) |  | Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount
|  | Master Netting Arrangements |  | Cash Collateral Received (3) |  |  | Security Collateral Received (5) |
Derivative Assets |  | $ | 358,639 |  |  | $ | (62,741 | ) |  | $ | (6,587 | ) |  | $ | 289,311 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 289,311 |
|  | Gross Amounts Recognized (2) |  | Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount
|  | Master Netting Arrangements |  | Cash Collateral Pledged (4) |  |  | Security Collateral Pledged (5) |
Derivative Liabilities |  | $ | 263,734 |  |  | $ | (62,741 | ) |  | $ | (47,979 | ) |  | $ | 153,014 |  |  | $ | (113,365 | ) |  | $ | 39,649 |
($ in thousands) |  | December 31, 2018
|  | Gross Amounts Recognized (1) |  | Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount
|  | Master Netting Arrangements |  | Cash Collateral Received (3) |  |  | Security Collateral Received (5) |
Derivative Assets |  | $ | 107,816 |  |  | $ | (31,569 | ) |  | $ | (13,577 | ) |  | $ | 62,670 |  |  | $ | (13,975 | ) |  | $ | 48,695 |
|  | Gross Amounts Recognized (2) |  | Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount
|  | Master Netting Arrangements |  | Cash Collateral Pledged (4) |  |  | Security Collateral Pledged (5) |
Derivative Liabilities |  | $ | 118,305 |  |  | $ | (31,569 | ) |  | $ | (6,833 | ) |  | $ | 79,903 |  |  | $ | (11,231 | ) |  | $ | 68,672 |
(1) | Gross amounts recognized for derivative assets include amounts with counterparties subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements of $357.0 million and $105.9 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and amounts with counterparties not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements of $1.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(2) | Gross amounts recognized for derivative liabilities include amounts with counterparties subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements of $263.7 million and $118.2 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and amounts with counterparties not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements of $67 thousand and $102 thousand, respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(3) | Gross cash collateral received under master netting arrangements or similar agreements were $7.2 million and $15.8 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Of the gross cash collateral received, $6.6 million and $13.6 million were used to offset against derivative assets, respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(4) | Gross cash collateral pledged under master netting arrangements or similar agreements were $50.9 million and $8.4 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Of the gross cash collateral pledged, $48.0 million and $6.8 million were used to offset against derivative liabilities, respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(5) | Represents the fair value of security collateral received and pledged limited to derivative assets and liabilities that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements. GAAP does not permit the netting of non-cash collateral on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but requires disclosure of such amounts.
In addition to the amounts included in the tables above, the Company also has balance sheet netting related to the resale and repurchase agreements. Refer to Note 5 — Securities Purchased under Resale Agreements and Sold under Repurchase Agreements to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information. Refer to Note 4 — Fair Value Measurement and Fair Value of Financial Instruments to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for fair value measurement disclosures on derivatives.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2229140 + Details
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