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Derivatives | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Derivatives | Derivatives The Company uses derivatives to manage exposure to market risk, primarily interest rate risk and foreign currency risk, and to assist customers with their risk management objectives. The Company’s goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity and volatility so that movements in interest rates are not significant to earnings or capital. The Company also uses foreign exchange contracts to manage the foreign exchange rate risk associated with certain foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities, as well as the Company’s investment in its China subsidiary, East West Bank (China) Limited. The Company recognizes all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value. While the Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments in a qualifying hedge accounting relationship, other derivatives consist of economic hedges. For additional information on the Company’s derivatives and hedging activities, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Significant Accounting Policies — Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K. The following table presents the total notional amounts and gross fair values of the Company’s derivatives, as well as the balance sheet netting adjustments on an aggregate basis as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The derivative assets and liabilities are presented on a gross basis prior to the application of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements, but after the variation margin payments with central clearing organizations have been applied as settlement, as applicable. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received or paid as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The resulting net derivative asset and liability fair values are included in Other assets and Accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
($ in thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities |  |  | Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 31,026 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,144 |  |  | $ | 31,026 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,198 |
Net investment hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | 155,255 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 86,167 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,586 |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | $ | 186,281 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 1,175 |  |  | $ | 117,193 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,784 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 16,657,306 |  |  | $ | 605,122 |  |  | $ | 402,207 |  |  | $ | 15,489,692 |  |  | $ | 192,883 |  |  | $ | 124,119 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | 4,958,834 |  |  | 64,310 |  |  | 55,627 |  |  | 4,839,661 |  |  | 54,637 |  |  | 47,024 |
Credit contracts |  | 210,357 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 210,678 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 84 |
Equity contracts |  | — |  | (1) | 1,128 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | (1) | 1,414 |  |  | — |
Commodity contracts |  | — |  | (2) | 163,563 |  |  | 199,288 |  |  | — |  | (2) | 81,380 |  |  | 80,517 |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  | $ | 21,826,497 |  |  | $ | 834,131 |  |  | $ | 657,340 |  |  | $ | 20,540,031 |  |  | $ | 330,316 |  |  | $ | 251,744 |
Gross derivative assets/liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 834,204 |  |  | $ | 658,515 |  |  |  |  | $ | 330,316 |  |  | $ | 256,528 |
Less: Master netting agreements |  |  |  | (158,674 | ) |  | (158,674 | ) |  |  |  | (121,561 | ) |  | (121,561 | )
Less: Cash collateral received/paid |  |  |  | (20,100 | ) |  | (84,427 | ) |  |  |  | (3,758 | ) |  | (38,238 | )
Net derivative assets/liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 655,430 |  |  | $ | 415,414 |  |  |  |  | $ | 204,997 |  |  | $ | 96,729 |
(1) | The Company held equity contracts in two public companies and 18 private companies as of March 31, 2020. In comparison, the Company held equity contracts in three public companies and 18 private companies as of December 31, 2019.
(2) | The notional amount of the Company’s commodity contracts entered with its customers totaled 6,738 thousand barrels of crude oil and 61,296 thousand units of natural gas, measured in million British thermal units (“MMBTUs”) as of March 31, 2020. In comparison, the notional amount of the Company’s commodity contracts entered with its customers totaled 7,811 thousand barrels of crude oil and 63,773 thousand MMBTUs natural gas as of December 31, 2019. The Company simultaneously entered into the offsetting commodity contracts with mirrored terms with third-party financial institutions.
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments Fair Value Hedges — The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain certificates of deposit due to changes in the benchmark interest rates. The Company entered into interest rate swaps, which were designated as fair value hedges. The interest rate swaps involve the exchange of variable rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amounts. The following table presents the net gains (losses) recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Income related to the derivatives designated as fair value hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
($ in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Gains (losses) recorded in interest expense: |  |  |  |
Recognized on interest rate swaps |  | $ | 2,045 |  |  | $ | 1,220 |
Recognized on certificates of deposit |  | $ | (1,362 | ) |  | $ | (1,261 | )
The following table presents the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of fair value hedge accounting that is included in the carrying amount of the hedged certificates of deposit as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
($ in thousands) |  | Carrying Value (1) |  | Cumulative Fair Value Adjustment (2)
| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Certificates of deposit |  | $ | (30,441 | ) |  | $ | (29,080 | ) |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 1,604 |
(1) | Represents the full carrying amount of the hedged certificates of deposit.
(2) | For liabilities, (increase) decrease to carrying value.
Net Investment Hedges — ASC 830-20, Foreign Currency Matters — Foreign Currency Transactions and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, allow hedging of the foreign currency risk of a net investment in a foreign operation. The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge a portion of its investment in East West Bank (China) Limited, a non-USD functional currency subsidiary in China. The hedging instruments designated as net investment hedges, involve hedging the risk of changes in the USD equivalent value of a designated monetary amount of the Company’s net investment in East West Bank (China) Limited, against the risk of adverse changes in the foreign currency exchange rate of the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The Company may dedesignate the net investment hedges when the Company expects the hedge will cease to be highly effective. The notional and fair value amounts of the foreign exchange forward contracts, were $112.9 million and $73 thousand asset, and $42.3 million and $31 thousand liability, respectively, as of March 31, 2020. In comparison, the notional and fair value amounts of the foreign exchange forward contracts, were $86.2 million and $1.6 million liability, respectively, as of December 31, 2019. The following table presents the gains recorded on net investment hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
($ in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Gains recognized in AOCI |  | $ | 1,004 |  |  | $ | 2,005 |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Interest Rate Contracts — The Company enters into interest rate contracts, which include interest rate swaps and options with its customers to allow customers to hedge against the risk of rising interest rates on their variable rate loans. To economically hedge against the interest rate risks in the products offered to its customers, the Company enters into mirrored offsetting interest rate contracts with third-party financial institutions, including central clearing organizations. Beginning in January 2018, the London Clearing House (“LCH”) amended its rulebook to legally characterize variation margin payments made to and received from LCH as settlements of derivatives, and not as collateral against derivatives. Included in the total notional amount of $8.34 billion of interest rates contracts entered into with financial counterparties as of March 31, 2020, was a notional amount of $2.68 billion of interest rate swaps that cleared through LCH. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to LCH cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in derivative liability fair values of $213.9 million, as of March 31, 2020. In comparison, included in the total notional amount of $7.75 billion of interest rates contracts entered into with financial counterparties as of December 31, 2019, was a notional amount of $2.53 billion of interest rate swaps that cleared through LCH. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to LCH cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in derivative asset fair values of $2.9 million and liability fair values of $75.1 million as of December 31, 2019. The following tables present the notional amounts and the gross fair values of interest rate derivative contracts outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
($ in thousands) |  | March 31, 2020
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Written options |  | $ | 897,893 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | Purchased options |  | $ | 897,893 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | — |
Sold collars and corridors |  | 518,307 |  |  | 10,125 |  |  | 2 |  |  | Collars and corridors |  | 518,307 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 10,215 |
Swaps |  | 6,900,299 |  |  | 593,753 |  |  | — |  |  | Swaps |  | 6,924,607 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | 391,811 |
Total |  | $ | 8,316,499 |  |  | $ | 603,878 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | Total |  | $ | 8,340,807 |  |  | $ | 1,244 |  |  | $ | 402,026 |
($ in thousands) |  | December 31, 2019
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Written options |  | $ | 1,003,558 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66 |  |  | Purchased options |  | $ | 1,003,558 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | — |
Sold collars and corridors |  | 490,852 |  |  | 1,971 |  |  | 16 |  |  | Collars and corridors |  | 490,852 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 1,996 |
Swaps |  | 6,247,667 |  |  | 187,294 |  |  | 6,237 |  |  | Swaps |  | 6,253,205 |  |  | 3,534 |  |  | 115,804 |
Total |  | $ | 7,742,077 |  |  | $ | 189,265 |  |  | $ | 6,319 |  |  | Total |  | $ | 7,747,615 |  |  | $ | 3,618 |  |  | $ | 117,800 |
Foreign Exchange Contracts — The Company enters into foreign exchange contracts with its customers, consisting of forwards, spot, swap and option contracts to accommodate the business needs of its customers. For the foreign exchange contracts entered into with its customers, the Company managed its foreign exchange exposure by entering into offsetting foreign exchange contracts with third-party financial institutions and/or entering into bilateral collateral and master netting agreements with customer counterparties to manage its credit exposure. The Company also utilizes foreign exchange contracts, which are not designated as hedging instruments to mitigate the economic effect of currency fluctuations on certain foreign currency-denominated on-balance sheet assets and liabilities, primarily for foreign currency-denominated deposits offered to its customers. A majority of the foreign exchange contracts had original maturities of one year or less as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The following tables present the notional amounts and the gross fair values of foreign exchange derivative contracts outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
($ in thousands) |  | March 31, 2020
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Forwards and spot |  | $ | 3,658,965 |  |  | $ | 50,674 |  |  | $ | 38,564 |  |  | Forwards and spot |  | $ | 176,903 |  |  | $ | 4,049 |  |  | $ | 7,721 |
Swaps |  | 9,007 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 95 |  |  | Swaps |  | 773,059 |  |  | 7,569 |  |  | 7,256 |
Written options |  | 86,810 |  |  | 217 |  |  | — |  |  | Purchased options |  | 86,810 |  |  | — |  |  | 217 |
Collars |  | 2,205 |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | Collars |  | 165,075 |  |  | 1,770 |  |  | 1,774 |
Total |  | $ | 3,756,987 |  |  | $ | 50,922 |  |  | $ | 38,659 |  |  | Total |  | $ | 1,201,847 |  |  | $ | 13,388 |  |  | $ | 16,968 |
($ in thousands) |  | December 31, 2019
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Forwards and spot |  | $ | 3,581,036 |  |  | $ | 45,911 |  |  | $ | 40,591 |  |  | Forwards and spot |  | $ | 207,492 |  |  | $ | 1,400 |  |  | $ | 507 |
Swaps |  | 6,889 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 84 |  |  | Swaps |  | 702,391 |  |  | 6,156 |  |  | 4,712 |
Written options |  | 87,036 |  |  | 127 |  |  | — |  |  | Purchased options |  | 87,036 |  |  | — |  |  | 127 |
Collars |  | 2,244 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | Collars |  | 165,537 |  |  | 1,027 |  |  | 989 |
Total |  | $ | 3,677,205 |  |  | $ | 46,054 |  |  | $ | 40,689 |  |  | Total |  | $ | 1,162,456 |  |  | $ | 8,583 |  |  | $ | 6,335 |
Credit Contracts — The Company may periodically enter into RPA contracts to manage the credit exposure on interest rate contracts associated with syndicated loans. The Company may enter into protection sold or protection purchased RPAs with institutional counterparties. Under the RPA, the Company will receive or make a payment if a borrower defaults on the related interest rate contract. The Company manages its credit risk on RPAs by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrowers and institutional counterparties, which is based on the normal credit review process. The referenced entities of the RPAs were investment grade as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The notional amount of the RPAs reflects the Company’s pro-rata share of the derivative instrument. The following table presents the notional amounts and the gross fair values of RPAs sold and purchased outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
($ in thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
RPAs - protection sold |  | $ | 199,643 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 199,964 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 84 |
RPAs - protection purchased |  | 10,714 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,714 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Total RPAs |  | $ | 210,357 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 210,678 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 84 |
Assuming all underlying borrowers referenced in the interest rate contracts defaulted as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the exposure from the RPAs with protections sold would be $688 thousand and $125 thousand, respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the weighted-average remaining maturities of the outstanding RPAs were 1.9 years and 2.2 years, respectively. Equity Contracts — As part of the Company’s loan origination process, from time to time, the Company obtains warrants to purchase preferred and/or common stock of technology and life sciences companies it provides loans to. Warrants grant the Company the right to buy a certain class of the underlying company’s equity at a certain price before expiration. The Company held warrants in two public companies and 18 private companies as of March 31, 2020, and held warrants in three public companies and 18 private companies as of December 31, 2019. The total fair value of the warrants held in both public and private companies was $1.1 million and $1.4 million in assets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Commodity Contracts — The Company enters into energy commodity contracts in the form of swaps and options with its commercial loan customers to allow them to hedge against the risk of fluctuation in energy commodity prices. To economically hedge against the risk of fluctuation in commodity prices in the products offered to its customers, the Company enters into offsetting commodity contracts with third-party financial institutions to manage the exposure with its customers. Beginning in January 2017, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) amended its rulebook to legally characterize variation margin payments made to and received from CME as settlements of derivatives and not as collateral against derivatives. As of March 31, 2020, the notional quantities that cleared through CME totaled 1,582 thousand barrels crude oil and 5,290 thousand MMBTUs natural gas. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to CME-cleared derivative transactions resulted in reductions in gross derivative asset fair value of $39.6 million and liability fair value of $203 thousand, respectively, as of March 31, 2020, for a net asset fair value of $2.4 million. In comparison, the notional quantities that cleared through CME totaled 1,752 thousand barrels crude oil and 6,075 thousand MMBTUs natural gas as of December 31, 2019. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to CME-cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in gross derivative asset fair value of $2.9 million and liability fair value of $1.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2019, for a net asset fair value of $986 thousand. The following tables present the notional amounts and fair values of the commodity derivative positions outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
($ and units in thousands) |  | March 31, 2020
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ and units in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Unit |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Unit |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Crude oil: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Crude oil: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Written options |  | 24 |  |  | Barrels |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 681 |  |  | Purchased options |  | 24 |  |  | Barrels |  | $ | 681 |  |  | $ | — |
Collars |  | 2,522 |  |  | Barrels |  | 13 |  |  | 46,210 |  |  | Collars |  | 2,859 |  |  | Barrels |  | 49,546 |  |  | 3,732 |
Swaps |  | 4,192 |  |  | Barrels |  | 789 |  |  | 87,097 |  |  | Swaps |  | 4,294 |  |  | Barrels |  | 54,366 |  |  | 2,408 |
Total |  | 6,738 |  |  |  |  | $ | 802 |  |  | $ | 133,988 |  |  | Total |  | 7,177 |  |  |  |  | $ | 104,593 |  |  | $ | 6,140 |
Natural gas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Natural gas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Written options |  | 420 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | Purchased Options |  | 410 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | — |
Collars |  | 14,201 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 541 |  |  | 1,364 |  |  | Collars |  | 14,291 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 996 |  |  | 403 |
Swaps |  | 46,675 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 25,791 |  |  | 31,732 |  |  | Swaps |  | 46,500 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 30,818 |  |  | 25,618 |
Total |  | 61,296 |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,332 |  |  | $ | 33,139 |  |  | Total |  | 61,201 |  |  |  |  | $ | 31,836 |  |  | $ | 26,021 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 27,134 |  |  | $ | 167,127 |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 136,429 |  |  | $ | 32,161 |
($ and units in thousands) |  | December 31, 2019
| Customer Counterparty |  | ($ and units in thousands) |  | Financial Counterparty
| Notional Unit |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Unit |  | Fair Value
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  |  |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Crude oil: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Crude oil: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Written options |  | 36 |  |  | Barrels |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | Purchased options |  | 36 |  |  | Barrels |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | — |
Collars |  | 3,174 |  |  | Barrels |  | 2,673 |  |  | 538 |  |  | Collars |  | 3,630 |  |  | Barrels |  | 677 |  |  | 2,815 |
Swaps |  | 4,601 |  |  | Barrels |  | 6,949 |  |  | 5,531 |  |  | Swaps |  | 4,721 |  |  | Barrels |  | 4,516 |  |  | 5,215 |
Total |  | 7,811 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,622 |  |  | $ | 6,099 |  |  | Total |  | 8,387 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,222 |  |  | $ | 8,030 |
Natural gas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Natural gas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Written options |  | 540 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | Purchased options |  | 530 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | — |
Collars |  | 14,277 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 186 |  |  | 522 |  |  | Collars |  | 14,517 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 471 |  |  | 150 |
Swaps |  | 48,956 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 30,257 |  |  | 35,497 |  |  | Swaps |  | 48,779 |  |  | MMBTUs |  | 35,601 |  |  | 30,197 |
Total |  | 63,773 |  |  |  |  | $ | 30,443 |  |  | $ | 36,041 |  |  | Total |  | 63,826 |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,093 |  |  | $ | 30,347 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 40,065 |  |  | $ | 42,140 |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 41,315 |  |  | $ | 38,377 |
The following table presents the net (losses) gains recognized on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
($ in thousands) |  | Classification on Consolidated Statement of Income |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | Interest rate contracts and other derivative income |  | $ | (7,011 | ) |  | $ | (1,779 | )
Foreign exchange contracts |  | Foreign exchange income |  | 2,861 |  |  | 6,326 |
Credit contracts |  | Interest rate contracts and other derivative income |  | (23 | ) |  | 83 |
Equity contracts |  | Lending fees |  | 309 |  |  | 250 |
Commodity contracts |  | Interest rate contracts and other derivative income |  | 24 |  |  | 4 |
Net (losses) gains |  |  |  | $ | (3,840 | ) |  | $ | 4,884 |
Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features — Certain over-the-counter derivative contracts of the Company contain early termination provisions that may require the Company to settle any outstanding balances upon the occurrence of a specified credit risk-related event. These events, which are defined by the existing derivative contracts, primarily relate to a downgrade in the credit rating of East West Bank to below investment grade. As of March 31, 2020, the aggregate fair value amounts of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position totaled $139.1 million, in which $138.9 million in cash and securities collateral were posted to cover this position. As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate fair value amounts of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position totaled $56.4 million, which includes $14.4 million in derivative assets and $70.8 million in derivative liabilities. We posted $56.4 million in cash and securities collateral to cover these positions as of December 31, 2019. In the event that the credit rating of East West Bank had been downgraded to below investment grade, additional minimal collateral would have been required to be posted as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019. Offsetting of Derivatives The following tables present the gross derivative fair values, the balance sheet netting adjustments and the resulting net fair values recorded on the consolidated balance sheet, as well as the cash and non-cash collateral associated with master netting arrangements. The gross amounts of derivative assets and liabilities are presented after the application of variation margin payments as settlements with centrally cleared organizations, where applicable. The collateral amounts in the following tables are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability, after the application of netting; therefore instances of overcollateralization are not shown:
($ in thousands) |  | As of March 31, 2020
|  | Gross Amounts Recognized (1) |  | Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount
|  | Master Netting Arrangements |  | Cash Collateral Received (3) |  |  | Security Collateral Received (5) |
Derivative assets |  | $ | 834,204 |  |  | $ | (158,674 | ) |  | $ | (20,100 | ) |  | $ | 655,430 |  |  | $ | (29,103 | ) |  | $ | 626,327 |
|  | Gross Amounts Recognized (2) |  | Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount
|  | Master Netting Arrangements |  | Cash Collateral Pledged (4) |  |  | Security Collateral Pledged (5) |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 658,515 |  |  | $ | (158,674 | ) |  | $ | (84,427 | ) |  | $ | 415,414 |  |  | $ | (232,940 | ) |  | $ | 182,474 |
($ in thousands) |  | As of December 31, 2019
|  | Gross Amounts Recognized (1) |  | Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount
|  | Master Netting Arrangements |  | Cash Collateral Received (3) |  |  | Security Collateral Received (5) |
Derivative assets |  | $ | 330,316 |  |  | $ | (121,561 | ) |  | $ | (3,758 | ) |  | $ | 204,997 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 204,997 |
|  | Gross Amounts Recognized (2) |  | Gross Amounts Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount
|  | Master Netting Arrangements |  | Cash Collateral Pledged (4) |  |  | Security Collateral Pledged (5) |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 256,528 |  |  | $ | (121,561 | ) |  | $ | (38,238 | ) |  | $ | 96,729 |  |  | $ | (79,619 | ) |  | $ | 17,110 |
(1) | Gross amounts recognized for derivative assets include amounts with counterparties subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements of $831.9 million and $328.7 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and amounts with counterparties not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements of $2.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
(2) | Gross amounts recognized for derivative liabilities include amounts with counterparties subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements of $657.6 million and $256.5 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and amounts with counterparties not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements of $931 thousand and $20 thousand, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
(3) | Gross cash collateral received under master netting arrangements or similar agreements were $20.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Of the gross cash collateral received, $20.1 million and $3.8 million were used to offset against derivative assets, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
(4) | Gross cash collateral pledged under master netting arrangements or similar agreements were $89.8 million and $43.0 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Of the gross cash collateral pledged, $84.4 million and $38.2 million were used to offset against derivative liabilities, respectively, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
(5) | Represents the fair value of security collateral received and pledged limited to derivative assets and liabilities that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements. GAAP does not permit the netting of non-cash collateral on the consolidated balance sheet but requires disclosure of such amounts.
In addition to the amounts included in the tables above, the Company also has balance sheet netting related to the resale and repurchase agreements. Refer to Note 4 — Securities Purchased under Resale Agreements and Sold under Repurchase Agreements to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Refer to Note 3 — Fair Value Measurement and Fair Value of Financial Instruments to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for fair value measurement disclosures on derivatives.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2229140 + Details
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