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Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Composition of Loans Held-For-Investment
The following table presents the composition of the Company’s loans held-for-investment outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
($ in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Commercial:
C&I$17,822,881 $17,397,158 
CRE:
CRE14,978,775 14,655,340 
Multifamily residential4,978,915 4,953,442 
Construction and land709,713 666,162 
Total CRE20,667,403 20,274,944 
Total commercial38,490,284 37,672,102 
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential14,569,997 14,175,446 
Home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”)
1,850,965 1,811,628 
Total residential mortgage16,420,962 15,987,074 
Other consumer49,938 67,461 
Total consumer16,470,900 16,054,535 
Total loans held-for-investment (1)
$54,961,184 $53,726,637 
Allowance for loan losses(760,416)(702,052)
Loans held-for-investment, net (1)
$54,200,768 $53,024,585 
(1)Includes $74 million and $46 million of net deferred loan fees and net unamortized premiums as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Schedule of Loans Held-For-Investment by Loan Portfolio Segments, Internal Risk Ratings, Gross Write-Offs and Vintage Year
The following tables summarize the Company’s loans held-for-investment and year-to-date gross write-offs by loan portfolio segments, internal risk ratings and vintage year as of the periods presented. The vintage year is the year of loan origination, renewal or major modification. Gross write-offs in the following tables are for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and year ended December 31, 2024. Revolving loans that are converted to term loans presented in the tables below are excluded from the term loans by vintage year columns.
June 30, 2025
Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)20252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)
Total
Commercial:
C&I:
Pass$1,344,664 $2,304,371 $1,135,391 $814,316 $540,556 $462,424 $10,819,790 $36,328 $17,457,840 
Criticized (accrual)20,283 32,986 41,686 62,727 23,991 111,465 — 293,147 
Criticized (nonaccrual)
3,197 236 26,920 7,018 12,526 21,959 38 — 71,894 
Total C&I1,347,870 2,324,890 1,195,297 863,020 615,809 508,374 10,931,293 36,328 17,822,881 
Gross write-offs (2)
— 132 40 3,153 — 2,599 — — 5,924 
CRE:
Pass1,100,578 1,592,742 2,161,155 3,462,580 1,844,573 4,020,815 101,768 48,119 14,332,330 
Criticized (accrual)28,712 37,927 103,691 160,291 75,066 231,665 — — 637,352 
Criticized (nonaccrual)
4,018 — — — 836 4,239 — — 9,093 
Subtotal CRE1,133,308 1,630,669 2,264,846 3,622,871 1,920,475 4,256,719 101,768 48,119 14,978,775 
Gross write-offs (2)
8,232 — — — 19 13,992 — — 22,243 
Multifamily residential:
Pass352,254 353,528 495,975 1,244,339 705,084 1,743,054 25,587 1,239 4,921,060 
Criticized (accrual)— — — 49,009 — 8,519 — — 57,528 
Criticized (nonaccrual)
— — — — — 327 — — 327 
Subtotal multifamily residential352,254 353,528 495,975 1,293,348 705,084 1,751,900 25,587 1,239 4,978,915 
Gross write-offs
— — — — — — — 
Construction and land:
Pass70,411 104,486 318,330 158,498 21,091 3,471 8,022 — 684,309 
Criticized (accrual)— 8,897 — 16,507 — — — — 25,404 
Subtotal construction and land70,411 113,383 318,330 175,005 21,091 3,471 8,022 — 709,713 
Total CRE1,555,973 2,097,580 3,079,151 5,091,224 2,646,650 6,012,090 135,377 49,358 20,667,403 
Total CRE gross write-offs (2)
8,232 — — — 19 13,999 — — 22,250 
Total commercial$2,903,843 $4,422,470 $4,274,448 $5,954,244 $3,262,459 $6,520,464 $11,066,670 $85,686 $38,490,284 
Total commercial gross write-offs (2)
$8,232 $132 $40 $3,153 $19 $16,598 $ $ $28,174 
June 30, 2025
Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)20252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)
Total
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential:
Pass (3)
$1,401,612 $2,098,791 $2,563,776 $2,943,381 $1,982,084 $3,523,057 $— $— $14,512,701 
Criticized (accrual)1,490 1,466 3,963 8,417 2,215 7,494 — — 25,045 
Criticized (nonaccrual) (3)
843 4,655 10,275 1,160 1,009 14,309 — — 32,251 
Subtotal single-family residential mortgage1,403,945 2,104,912 2,578,014 2,952,958 1,985,308 3,544,860 — — 14,569,997 
Gross write-offs (2)
— — — — — — — 
HELOCs:
Pass4,433 6,438 3,496 8,277 7,538 19,853 1,687,628 82,589 1,820,252 
Criticized (accrual)— 2,019 501 97 503 2,001 448 388 5,957 
Criticized (nonaccrual)
517 2,273 712 3,183 2,187 10,232 — 5,652 24,756 
Subtotal HELOCs4,950 10,730 4,709 11,557 10,228 32,086 1,688,076 88,629 1,850,965 
Total residential mortgage1,408,895 2,115,642 2,582,723 2,964,515 1,995,536 3,576,946 1,688,076 88,629 16,420,962 
Total residential mortgage gross write-offs (2)
— — — — — — — 
Other consumer:
Pass4,052 79 — 23,527 130 6,793 15,219 — 49,800 
Criticized (accrual)— — — — — — — 
Criticized (nonaccrual)
— 49 — — — 87 — 137 
Total other consumer4,054 79 49 23,527 130 6,793 15,306 — 49,938 
Total consumer$1,412,949 $2,115,721 $2,582,772 $2,988,042 $1,995,666 $3,583,739 $1,703,382 $88,629 $16,470,900 
Total consumer gross write-offs (2)
$$9$$$$$$$9
Total loans held-for-investment:
Pass$4,278,004 $6,460,435 $6,678,123 $8,654,918 $5,101,056 $9,779,467 $12,658,014 $168,275 $53,778,292 
Criticized (accrual)30,212 70,592 141,141 276,007 140,511 273,670 111,913 388 1,044,434 
Criticized (nonaccrual)
8,576 7,164 37,956 11,361 16,558 51,066 125 5,652 138,458 
Total$4,316,792 $6,538,191 $6,857,220 $8,942,286 $5,258,125 $10,104,203 $12,770,052 $174,315 $54,961,184 
Total loans held-for-investment gross write-offs (2)
$8,232 $141 $40 $3,153 $19 $16,598 $ $ $28,183 
December 31, 2024
Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)20242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)
Total
Commercial:
C&I:
Pass$2,605,928 $1,508,948 $999,586 $612,015 $243,528 $295,884 $10,574,404 $23,032 $16,863,325 
Criticized (accrual)34,412 51,415 61,041 107,355 10,538 31,160 151,747 — 447,668 
Criticized (nonaccrual)
3,822 29,181 20,273 10,666 3,225 9,135 9,863 — 86,165 
Total C&I2,644,162 1,589,544 1,080,900 730,036 257,291 336,179 10,736,014 23,032 17,397,158 
Gross write-offs (2)
20 47,963 14,848 11,119 1,568 3,012 27,099 — 105,629 
CRE:
Pass1,660,877 2,296,763 3,692,498 1,925,220 1,296,439 3,176,450 96,791 49,302 14,194,340 
Criticized (accrual)34,543 44,557 90,105 31,615 75,578 167,401 — 14,771 458,570 
Criticized (nonaccrual)— — — — 1,756 674 — — 2,430 
Subtotal CRE1,695,420 2,341,320 3,782,603 1,956,835 1,373,773 3,344,525 96,791 64,073 14,655,340 
Gross write-offs (2)
— — — — — — — 
Multifamily residential:
Pass386,743 521,754 1,337,599 752,230 613,115 1,242,586 14,640 1,253 4,869,920 
Criticized (accrual)— — 43,997 32,042 — 2,911 — — 78,950 
Criticized (nonaccrual)— — — — — 4,572 — — 4,572 
Subtotal multifamily residential386,743 521,754 1,381,596 784,272 613,115 1,250,069 14,640 1,253 4,953,442 
Gross write-offs
— — — — — 10 — — 10 
Construction and land:
Pass90,926 328,803 184,792 41,932 — 8,393 — — 654,846 
Criticized (nonaccrual)— — 11,316 — — — — — 11,316 
Subtotal construction and land
90,926 328,803 196,108 41,932 — 8,393 — — 666,162 
Gross write-offs
— — 2,289 — — — — — 2,289 
Total CRE2,173,089 3,191,877 5,360,307 2,783,039 1,986,888 4,602,987 111,431 65,326 20,274,944 
Total CRE gross write-offs (2)
— — 2,289 — — 13 — — 2,302 
Total commercial$4,817,251 $4,781,421 $6,441,207 $3,513,075 $2,244,179 $4,939,166 $10,847,445 $88,358 $37,672,102 
Total commercial gross write-offs (2)
$20 $47,963 $17,137 $11,119 $1,568 $3,025 $27,099 $ $107,931 
December 31, 2024
Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)20242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)
Total
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential:
Pass (3)
$2,360,674 $2,762,921 $3,074,668 $2,079,323 $1,407,031 $2,437,446 $— $— $14,122,063 
Criticized (accrual)4,175 3,409 750 5,810 1,548 6,069 — — 21,761 
Criticized (nonaccrual) (3)
2,716 9,673 1,929 2,035 2,404 12,865 — — 31,622 
Subtotal single-family residential mortgage2,367,565 2,776,003 3,077,347 2,087,168 1,410,983 2,456,380 — — 14,175,446 
Gross write-offs (2)
— — — — — — — 
HELOCs:
Pass7,453 3,288 4,071 3,236 7,570 8,152 1,648,337 99,488 1,781,595 
Criticized (accrual)1,436 — 1,420 — 135 2,064 2,338 594 7,987 
Criticized (nonaccrual)3,161 3,095 2,520 39 418 7,301 — 5,512 22,046 
Subtotal HELOCs12,050 6,383 8,011 3,275 8,123 17,517 1,650,675 105,594 1,811,628 
Gross write-offs
— 10 — — — — — 15 
Total residential mortgage2,379,615 2,782,386 3,085,358 2,090,443 1,419,106 2,473,897 1,650,675 105,594 15,987,074 
Total residential mortgage gross write-offs (2)
10 — — — — — 24 
Other consumer:
Pass14,916 — 22,992 132 — 6,800 22,555 — 67,395 
Criticized (nonaccrual)— — — — — — 66 — 66 
Total other consumer14,916 — 22,992 132 — 6,800 22,621 — 67,461 
Gross write-offs (2)
— 3,000 — — — — 890 — 3,890 
Total consumer$2,394,531 $2,782,386 $3,108,350 $2,090,575 $1,419,106 $2,480,697 $1,673,296 $105,594 $16,054,535 
Total consumer gross write-offs (2)
$9 $3,010 $ $ $ $ $890 $5 $3,914 
Total loans held-for-investment:
Pass$7,127,517 $7,422,477 $9,316,206 $5,414,088 $3,567,683 $7,175,711 $12,356,727 $173,075 $52,553,484 
Criticized (accrual)74,566 99,381 197,313 176,822 87,799 209,605 154,085 15,365 1,014,936 
Criticized (nonaccrual)
9,699 41,949 36,038 12,740 7,803 34,547 9,929 5,512 158,217 
Total$7,211,782 $7,563,807 $9,549,557 $5,603,650 $3,663,285 $7,419,863 $12,520,741 $193,952 $53,726,637 
Total loans held-for-investment gross write-offs (2)
$29 $50,973 $17,137 $11,119 $1,568 $3,025 $27,989 $5 $111,845 
(1)There were no loans that were converted to term loans during the three months ended June 30, 2025. $16 million of total commercial loans, comprised of C&I revolving loans, were converted to term loans during the six months ended June 30, 2025. In comparison, $1 million and $8 million of total commercial loans, comprised of C&I and CRE revolving loans, converted to term loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.
(2)Excludes gross write-offs associated with loans the Company sold or settled.
(3)$1 million of nonaccrual loans whose payments were guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration were classified with a “Pass” rating as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Schedule of Aging Analysis of Loans The following tables present the aging analysis of loans held-for-investment as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)Current Accruing LoansAccruing Loans 30-59 Days Past DueAccruing Loans 60-89 Days Past DueTotal Accruing Past Due LoansTotal Nonaccrual LoansTotal Loans
Commercial:
C&I$17,737,893 $5,711 $7,383 $13,094 $71,894 $17,822,881 
CRE:
CRE14,938,724 15,500 15,458 30,958 9,093 14,978,775 
Multifamily residential4,977,011 621 956 1,577 327 4,978,915 
Construction and land700,816 — 8,897 8,897 — 709,713 
Total CRE20,616,551 16,121 25,311 41,432 9,420 20,667,403 
Total commercial38,354,444 21,832 32,694 54,526 81,314 38,490,284 
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential14,459,445 52,101 25,204 77,305 33,247 14,569,997 
HELOCs1,806,711 14,821 4,677 19,498 24,756 1,850,965 
Total residential mortgage16,266,156 66,922 29,881 96,803 58,003 16,420,962 
Other consumer49,679 53 69 122 137 49,938 
Total consumer16,315,835 66,975 29,950 96,925 58,140 16,470,900 
Total$54,670,279 $88,807 $62,644 $151,451 $139,454 $54,961,184 
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Current Accruing LoansAccruing Loans 30-59 Days Past DueAccruing Loans 60-89 Days Past DueTotal Accruing Past Due LoansTotal Nonaccrual LoansTotal Loans
Commercial:
C&I$17,288,138 $5,690 $17,165 $22,855 $86,165 $17,397,158 
CRE:
CRE14,647,270 3,755 1,885 5,640 2,430 14,655,340 
Multifamily residential4,947,939 653 278 931 4,572 4,953,442 
Construction and land653,919 927 — 927 11,316 666,162 
Total CRE20,249,128 5,335 2,163 7,498 18,318 20,274,944 
Total commercial37,537,266 11,025 19,328 30,353 104,483 37,672,102 
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential14,088,086 32,841 22,096 54,937 32,423 14,175,446 
HELOCs1,770,218 11,396 7,968 19,364 22,046 1,811,628 
Total residential mortgage
15,858,304 44,237 30,064 74,301 54,469 15,987,074 
Other consumer67,288 92 15 107 66 67,461 
Total consumer15,925,592 44,329 30,079 74,408 54,535 16,054,535 
Total$53,462,858 $55,354 $49,407 $104,761 $159,018 $53,726,637 
Schedule of Amortized Cost of Loans on Nonaccrual Status With No Related Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table presents the amortized cost of loans on nonaccrual status for which there was no related allowance for loan losses as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Nonaccrual loans may not have an allowance for credit losses if the loan balances are well secured by collateral values and there is no loss expectation.
($ in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Commercial:
C&I$35,707 $79,591 
CRE7,866 — 
Multifamily residential— 4,210 
Construction and land— 11,316 
Total commercial43,573 95,117 
Consumer:
Single-family residential7,652 6,279 
HELOCs7,248 15,380 
Total consumer14,900 21,659 
Total nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for loan losses$58,473 $116,776 
Schedule of Modified Loans
The following tables present the amortized cost of loans that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by loan class and modification type:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Modification Type
($ in thousands)
Interest Rate Reduction
Term ExtensionPayment DelayCombination: Term Extension/ Payment Delay
Combination: Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay
Combination: Rate Reduction/ Term Extension/ Payment Delay
TotalModification as a % of Loan Class
Commercial:
C&I$6,058 $74,767 $2,974 $6,966 $19,574 $— $110,339 0.62 %
CRE— 152,298 — — — — 152,298 0.74 %
Total commercial6,058 227,065 2,974 6,966 19,574  262,637 0.68 %
Consumer:
Single-family residential— — 6,632 207 — — 6,839 0.05 %
HELOCs— — 3,943 — 426 421 4,790 0.26 %
Total consumer  10,575 207 426 421 11,629 0.07 %
Total$6,058 $227,065 $13,549 $7,173 $20,000 $421 $274,266 0.50 %
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Modification Type
($ in thousands)Term ExtensionPayment DelayCombination: Term Extension/ Payment DelayCombination: Rate Reduction/ Payment DelayTotalModification as a % of Loan Class
Commercial:
C&I$11,901 $5,658 $2,951 $— $20,510 0.12 %
CRE— — — 11,020 11,020 0.05 %
Total commercial11,901 5,658 2,951 11,020 31,530 0.08 %
Consumer:
Single-family residential— 4,791 — — 4,791 0.03 %
HELOCs— 2,053 — — 2,053 0.12 %
Other consumer3,000 — — — 3,000 5.34 %
Total consumer3,000 6,844   9,844 0.06 %
Total$14,901 $12,502 $2,951 $11,020 $41,374 0.08 %
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Modification Type
($ in thousands)Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionPayment DelayCombination: Term Extension/ Payment Delay
Combination: Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay
Combination: Rate Reduction/ Term Extension/ Payment Delay
TotalModification as a % of Loan Class
Commercial:
C&I$6,058 $76,231 $2,974 $29,167 $19,574 $— $134,004 0.75 %
CRE— 170,527 — — — — 170,527 0.83 %
Total commercial6,058 246,758 2,974 29,167 19,574  304,531 0.79 %
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential— — 10,699 295 — — 10,994 0.08 %
HELOCs— — 4,918 906 426 421 6,671 0.36 %
Total consumer  15,617 1,201 426 421 17,665 0.11 %
Total$6,058 $246,758 $18,591 $30,368 $20,000 $421 $322,196 0.59 %
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Modification Type
($ in thousands)Term ExtensionPayment DelayCombination: Term Extension/ Payment DelayCombination: Rate Reduction/ Payment DelayTotalModification as a % of Loan Class
Commercial:
C&I$15,601 $25,886 $2,951 $— $44,438 0.26 %
CRE24,321 — — 30,570 54,891 0.27 %
Total commercial39,922 25,886 2,951 30,570 99,329 0.27 %
Consumer:
Single-family residential— 8,528 — — 8,528 0.06 %
HELOCs— 6,881 — 517 7,398 0.42 %
Other consumer3,000 — — — 3,000 5.34 %
Total consumer3,000 15,409  517 18,926 0.12 %
Total$42,922 $41,295 $2,951 $31,087 $118,255 0.22 %

The following table presents the financial effects of the loan modifications for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by loan class and modification type:
Financial Effects of Loan Modifications for the Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)Weighted-Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted-Average Term Extension (in years)Weighted-Average Payment Delay (in years)Weighted-Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted-Average Term Extension (in years)Weighted-Average Payment Delay (in years)
Commercial:
C&I3.38 %0.90.7— %2.02.0
CRE— %2.80.02.50 %0.01.2
Consumer:
Single-family residential— %10.01.9— %0.00.8
HELOCs0.50 %10.05.1— %0.00.7
Other consumer— %0.00.0— %0.80.0
Financial Effects of Loan Modifications for the Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)Weighted-Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted-Average Term Extension (in years)Weighted-Average Payment Delay (in years)Weighted-Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted-Average Term Extension (in years)Weighted-Average Payment Delay (in years)
Commercial:
C&I3.38 %1.00.8— %2.01.5
CRE— %3.00.02.66 %1.51.0
Consumer:
Single-family residential— %10.01.5— %0.00.8
HELOCs0.50 %15.28.00.25 %0.02.8
Other consumer— %0.00.0— %0.80.0
Schedule of Financing Receivable, Modified, Subsequent Default The following tables present the amortized cost basis of modified loans that, within 12 months of the modification date, experienced a subsequent default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Loans Modified Subsequently Defaulted During the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)Term ExtensionPayment Delay
Combination: Term Extension/ Payment Delay
Total
Commercial:
C&I$— $2,974 $— $2,974 
CRE30,890 — — 30,890 
Total commercial30,890 2,974  33,864 
Consumer:
Single-family residential— 830 — 830 
HELOCs— 3,509 286 3,795 
Total consumer 4,339 286 4,625 
Total$30,890 $7,313 $286 $38,489 
Loans Modified Subsequently Defaulted During the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
($ in thousands)Term ExtensionPayment DelayCombination: Rate Reduction/ Payment DelayCombination: Term Extension/ Payment DelayTotal
Commercial:
C&I$— $5,658 $— $— $5,658 
Total commercial 5,658   5,658 
Consumer:
Single-family residential— 3,613 — 2,438 6,051 
HELOCs— 941 1,149 — 2,090 
Total consumer 4,554 1,149 2,438 8,141 
Total$ $10,212 $1,149 $2,438 $13,799 
Loans Modified Subsequently Defaulted During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)Term ExtensionPayment DelayCombination: Rate Reduction/ Payment DelayCombination: Term Extension/ Payment DelayTotal
Commercial:
C&I$— $4,487 $— $— $4,487 
CRE53,462 — — — 53,462 
Total commercial53,462 4,487   57,949 
Consumer:
Single-family residential— 3,060 — 207 3,267 
HELOCs— 5,541 — 286 5,827 
Total consumer 8,601  493 9,094 
Total$53,462 $13,088 $ $493 $67,043 
Loans Modified Subsequently Defaulted During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
($ in thousands)Term ExtensionPayment DelayCombination: Rate Reduction/ Payment DelayCombination: Term Extension/ Payment DelayTotal
Commercial:
C&I$7,829 $5,658 $— $— $13,487 
Total commercial7,829 5,658   13,487 
Consumer:
Single-family residential— 7,575 — 2,823 10,398 
HELOCs— 941 1,149 — 2,090 
Total consumer 8,516 1,149 2,823 12,488 
Total$7,829 $14,174 $1,149 $2,823 $25,975 
Schedule of Financing Receivable, Modified, Payment Performance The following tables present the performance of loans that were modified over the last 12 months as of June 30, 2025 and 2024:
Payment Performance as of June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)Current30 - 89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past DueTotal
Commercial:
C&I$165,093 $— $— $165,093 
CRE
193,099 — — 193,099 
Total commercial358,192   358,192 
Consumer:
Single-family residential11,646 3,196 2,337 17,179 
HELOCs6,437 3,008 3,053 12,498 
Total consumer18,083 6,204 5,390 29,677 
Total$376,275 $6,204 $5,390 $387,869 
Payment Performance as of June 30, 2024
($ in thousands)Current30 - 89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past DueTotal
Commercial:
C&I$67,004 $— $7,829 $74,833 
CRE54,892 — — 54,892 
Total commercial121,896  7,829 129,725 
Consumer:
Single-family residential8,261 1,325 8,240 17,826 
HELOCs6,396 3,296 1,210 10,902 
Other consumer3,000 — — 3,000 
Total consumer17,657 4,621 9,450 31,728 
Total$139,553 $4,621 $17,279 $161,453 
Schedule of Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators, Key Credit Risk Characteristics and Macroeconomic Variables
The following table provides key credit risk characteristics and macroeconomic variables that the Company uses to estimate the expected credit losses by portfolio segment:
Portfolio SegmentRisk CharacteristicsMacroeconomic Variables
C&IAge percentage, size at origination, delinquency status, sector and risk rating
Unemployment rate, Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”), and U.S. Treasury rates
CRE, Multifamily residential, and Construction and land
Delinquency status, maturity date, collateral value, property type, and geographic locationUnemployment rate, GDP, and U.S. Treasury rates
Single-family residential and HELOCsFICO score, delinquency status, maturity date, collateral value, and geographic locationUnemployment rate, GDP, and Home Price Indices
Other consumerLoss rate approach
Immaterial - Macroeconomic variables are included in the qualitative estimate.
Schedule of Activity in the Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
CommercialConsumer
CREResidential Mortgage
($ in thousands)C&ICREMultifamily Residential
Construction and Land
Single-Family ResidentialHELOCsOther ConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period$421,288 $212,899 $32,324 $15,199 $46,929 $4,879 $1,338 $734,856 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans(a)27,595 8,007 (3,274)2,654 5,064 369 (259)40,156 
Gross charge-offs(8,151)(8,306)(3)— — — (4)(16,464)
Gross recoveries1,504 18 26 250 1,813 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries
(6,647)(8,288)23 246 (14,651)
Foreign currency translation adjustment55 — — — — — — 55 
Allowance for loan losses, end of period$442,291 $212,618 $29,073 $17,856 $51,997 $5,256 $1,325 $760,416 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
CommercialConsumer
CREResidential Mortgage
($ in thousands)C&ICREMultifamily ResidentialConstruction and LandSingle-Family ResidentialHELOCsOther ConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period$373,631 $187,460 $37,418 $10,819 $55,922 $3,563 $1,467 $670,280 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans(a)17,783 18,287 2,628 4,422 (6,366)(232)240 36,762 
Gross charge-offs(13,134)(11,103)— (920)(35)— (130)(25,322)
Gross recoveries1,817 150 208 — 2,187 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries (11,317)(10,953)208 (919)(33)(130)(23,135)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(113)— — — — — — (113)
Allowance for loan losses, end of period$379,984 $194,794 $40,254 $14,322 $49,523 $3,340 $1,577 $683,794 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
CommercialConsumer
CREResidential Mortgage
($ in thousands)C&ICREMultifamily ResidentialConstruction and LandSingle-Family ResidentialHELOCsOther ConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period$384,319 $218,677 $32,117 $17,497 $44,816 $3,132 $1,494 $702,052 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans(a)63,965 16,112 (3,073)2,349 7,136 2,108 (379)88,218 
Gross charge-offs(9,139)(22,243)(7)(1,996)(9)— (53)(33,447)
Gross recoveries3,068 72 36 54 16 263 3,515 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries(6,071)(22,171)29 (1,990)45 16 210 (29,932)
Foreign currency translation adjustment78 — — — — — — 78 
Allowance for loan losses, end of period$442,291 $212,618 $29,073 $17,856 $51,997 $5,256 $1,325 $760,416 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
CommercialConsumer
CREResidential Mortgage
($ in thousands)C&ICREMultifamily ResidentialConstruction and LandSingle-Family ResidentialHELOCsOther ConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses, beginning of period$392,685 $170,592 $34,375 $10,469 $55,018 $3,947 $1,657 $668,743 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans(a)18,057 37,419 5,660 5,803 (5,467)(664)108 60,916 
Gross charge-offs(34,132)(13,501)(6)(2,144)(35)— (188)(50,006)
Gross recoveries3,527 284 225 194 57 — 4,294 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries(30,605)(13,217)219 (1,950)(28)57 (188)(45,712)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(153)— — — — — — (153)
Allowance for loan losses, end of period$379,984 $194,794 $40,254 $14,322 $49,523 $3,340 $1,577 $683,794 
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for unfunded credit commitments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)2025202420252024
Unfunded credit facilities
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, beginning of period$40,464 $38,544 $39,526 $37,698 
Provision for credit losses on unfunded credit commitments(b)4,844 238 5,782 1,084 
Foreign currency translation adjustment(1)(1)
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, end of period$45,307 $38,783 $45,307 $38,783 
Provision for credit losses(a) + (b)$45,000 $37,000 $94,000 $62,000 
Schedule of Carrying Value of Loans Transferred, Loans Sold and Purchased for the Held-For-Investment Portfolio The following tables provide information on the carrying value of loans transferred, sold and purchased for the held-for-investment portfolio, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
CommercialConsumer
CREResidential Mortgage
($ in thousands)C&ICREConstruction and LandSingle-Family ResidentialTotal
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale (1)
$102,214 $— $— $— $102,214 
Sales (2)(3)
$90,341 $— $— $396 $90,737 
Purchases$142,687 
(4)
$— $— $145,330 $288,017 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
CommercialConsumer
CREResidential Mortgage
($ in thousands)C&ICRE
Construction and Land
Single-Family ResidentialTotal
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale (1)
$138,923 $— $718 $— $139,641 
Sales (2)(3)
$133,906 $— $718 $— $134,624 
Purchases$170,175 
(4)
$— $— $111,864 $282,039 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
CommercialConsumerTotal
CREResidential Mortgage
($ in thousands)C&ICRE
Construction and Land
Single-Family Residential
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale (1)
$108,570 $20,338 $9,500 $— $138,408 
Sales (2)(3)
$96,697 $20,338 $11,316 $396 $128,747 
Purchases$279,630 
(4)
$— $— $250,411 $530,041 
Refer to table footnotes on the following page.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial ConsumerTotal
CREResidential Mortgage
($ in thousands)C&ICREConstruction and LandSingle-Family Residential
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale (1)
$338,897 $— $718 $— $339,615 
Sales (2)(3)
$321,108 $— $718 $965 $322,791 
Purchases$203,519 
(4)
$— $— $186,600 $390,119 
(1)Includes write-downs of $2 million to the allowance for loan losses related to loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and $1 million for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. There were no write-downs to the allowance for loan losses related to loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
(2)Includes originated loans sold of $91 million and $125 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $95 million and $187 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Originated loans sold were primarily comprised of C&I loans for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(3)Includes $4 million of purchased loans sold in the secondary market for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and $40 million and $136 million for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. There were no purchased loans sold in the secondary market for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
(4)C&I loan purchases were comprised of syndicated C&I term loans.