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INCOME TAXES
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
In general, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income and statutory tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates, to determine its quarterly provision for income taxes. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability on the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter. The Company’s effective tax rate may change from period to period based on recurring and non-recurring factors including the geographical mix of earnings, enacted tax legislation, and state and local income taxes.
The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 19.9% and differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to net benefits on stock-based compensation awards, disallowed stock-based compensation expense and state income taxes.
The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 21.1% and differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to windfall benefits on stock-based compensation awards, disallowed stock-based compensation expense and state income taxes.
The effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, was (24.2%) and (33.5%), respectively. Both rates differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to the tax impact of the $282.5 million Series A Convertible Preferred Stock fair value adjustment. This adjustment is recorded as Deferred Other Costs in the consolidated balance sheets and will be amortized over twenty years for book purposes. As this expense is non-deductible for tax purposes, the Company recorded a $71.4 million deferred tax liability in the third quarter of 2022 as a discrete item of deferred tax expense. Additional factors impacting the effective income tax rates included disallowed stock-based compensation expense and state and local income taxes. For the nine-month period, the rate was further affected by the release of certain state income tax reserves. The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in multiple state and foreign jurisdictions.
The Company’s tax returns for tax years 2020 through 2022 remain subject to potential examination by the taxing authorities.