Intangible Assets, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Note 6. Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following:


		December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Weighted Average	Gross				Gross
	Amortizable	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying		Accumulated
	Life in Years	Amount		Amortization		Amount		Amortization
		(in millions)
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Covenants not to compete	4.7	$	0.8	$	(0.4)	$	1.1	$	(0.6)
Customer lists/relationships	14.6		745.0		(391.3)		736.7		(338.9)
Software	10.0		8.1		(8.1)		8.1		(8.1)
Other	5.4		6.3		(5.9)		6.3		(5.5)
			760.2		(405.7)		752.2		(353.1)
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Trade names			757.6		—		752.2		—
		$	1,517.8	$	(405.7)	$	1,504.4	$	(353.1)

Intangible assets recorded in connection with our 2017 acquisition was $7.4 million (see Note 2 — “Acquisitions”). A total of $3.7 million was allocated to the trade name acquired, which is not subject to amortization.

Impairment losses of $36.4 million related to eight of our trade name intangible assets were recognized in 2016. Impairment losses of $21.2 million related to five of our trade name intangible assets and $14.4 million related to two of our customer relationship intangible assets were recognized in 2015. See Note 17 — “Impairment and Restructuring Charges” for further discussion of our impairment losses.

Amortization expense for intangible assets amounted to $50.6 million, $54.1 million and $53.7 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Foreign currency translation gains related to intangible assets, net in 2017 were $4.0 million.

The following is a summary of estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five years:


	(in millions)
2018	$	46.7
2019		46.6
2020		46.6
2021		42.6
2022		34.3