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Table of Contents

​

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-13122

​ ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ ​
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
​
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | ​ | 95-1142616 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

​

16100 N. 71st Street, Suite 400

Scottsdale, Arizona 85254

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(480) 564-5700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value | ​ | RS | ​ | New York Stock Exchange

​

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐
| Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 27, 2023, there were 57,471,229 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding.

​

​

​

Table of Contents

RELIANCE STEEL & ALUMINUM CO.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

​

​ |  |  | ​
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ​
​ | Item 1. | Financial Statements | 1
​ | ​ | Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
​ | ​ | Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income | 2
​ | ​ | Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
​ | ​ | Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity | 4
​ | ​ | Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5
​ | ​ | Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
​ | Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 14
​ | Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 22
​ | Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 22
​ | ​
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION | ​
​ | Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 22
​ | Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 23
​ | Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 23
​ | Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 23
​ | Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 23
​ | Item 5. | Other Information | 23
​ | Item 6. | Exhibits | 24
​ | ​
SIGNATURE | 25

​

​

​

Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

​

RELIANCE STEEL & ALUMINUM CO.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands and par value)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | December 31,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022*
ASSETS
Current assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 976.9 | ​ | $ | 1,173.4
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $27.1 at September 30, 2023 and $26.1 at December 31, 2022 | ​ | 1,666.3 | ​ | ​ | 1,565.7
Inventories | ​ | 2,110.2 | ​ | ​ | 1,995.3
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ​ | 104.7 | ​ | ​ | 115.6
Income taxes receivable | ​ | 1.0 | ​ | ​ | 36.6
Total current assets | ​ | 4,859.1 | ​ | ​ | 4,886.6
Property, plant and equipment: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Land | ​ | 281.6 | ​ | ​ | 262.7
Buildings | ​ | 1,469.3 | ​ | ​ | 1,359.3
Machinery and equipment | ​ | 2,645.9 | ​ | ​ | 2,446.9
Accumulated depreciation | ​ | (2,207.8) | ​ | ​ | (2,094.3)
Property, plant and equipment, net | ​ | 2,189.0 | ​ | ​ | 1,974.6
Operating lease right-of-use assets | ​ | 227.7 | ​ | ​ | 216.4
Goodwill | ​ | 2,108.7 | ​ | ​ | 2,105.9
Intangible assets, net | ​ | 990.1 | ​ | ​ | 1,019.6
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies, net | ​ | 28.0 | ​ | ​ | 42.0
Other assets | ​ | 90.3 | ​ | ​ | 84.8
Total assets | $ | 10,492.9 | ​ | $ | 10,329.9
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts payable | $ | 445.4 | ​ | $ | 412.4
Accrued expenses | ​ | 130.3 | ​ | ​ | 118.8
Accrued compensation and retirement benefits | ​ | 203.3 | ​ | ​ | 240.0
Accrued insurance costs | ​ | 43.7 | ​ | ​ | 43.4
Current maturities of long-term debt and short-term borrowings | ​ | 0.3 | ​ | ​ | 508.2
Current maturities of operating lease liabilities | ​ | 55.7 | ​ | ​ | 52.5
Total current liabilities | ​ | 878.7 | ​ | ​ | 1,375.3
Long-term debt | ​ | 1,141.6 | ​ | ​ | 1,139.4
Operating lease liabilities | ​ | 174.7 | ​ | ​ | 165.2
Long-term retirement benefits | ​ | 30.4 | ​ | ​ | 26.1
Other long-term liabilities | ​ | 56.8 | ​ | ​ | 51.4
Deferred income taxes | ​ | 475.5 | ​ | ​ | 476.6
Commitments and contingencies | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Equity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value: 5,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.001 par value and 200,000 shares authorized | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Issued and outstanding shares—58,090 at September 30, 2023 and 58,787 at December 31, 2022 | ​ | 0.1 | ​ | ​ | 0.1
Retained earnings | ​ | 7,823.6 | ​ | ​ | 7,173.6
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ​ | (99.4) | ​ | ​ | (86.3)
Total Reliance stockholders’ equity | ​ | 7,724.3 | ​ | ​ | 7,087.4
Noncontrolling interests | ​ | 10.9 | ​ | ​ | 8.5
Total equity | ​ | 7,735.2 | ​ | ​ | 7,095.9
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 10,492.9 | ​ | $ | 10,329.9

* Amounts derived from audited financial statements.

​

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

1

Table of Contents

RELIANCE STEEL & ALUMINUM CO.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands and per share amounts)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net sales | $ | 3,623.0 | ​ | $ | 4,247.2 | ​ | $ | 11,468.6 | ​ | $ | 13,414.2
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Costs and expenses: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below) | ​ | 2,546.0 | ​ | ​ | 3,008.2 | ​ | ​ | 7,942.9 | ​ | ​ | 9,292.7
Warehouse, delivery, selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) | ​ | 626.9 | ​ | ​ | 630.1 | ​ | ​ | 1,928.8 | ​ | ​ | 1,890.6
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | 60.6 | ​ | ​ | 60.4 | ​ | ​ | 182.5 | ​ | ​ | 178.8
​ | ​ | 3,233.5 | ​ | ​ | 3,698.7 | ​ | ​ | 10,054.2 | ​ | ​ | 11,362.1
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income | ​ | 389.5 | ​ | ​ | 548.5 | ​ | ​ | 1,414.4 | ​ | ​ | 2,052.1
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other (income) expense: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest expense | ​ | 9.7 | ​ | ​ | 15.6 | ​ | ​ | 30.3 | ​ | ​ | 46.8
Other (income) expense, net | ​ | (8.2) | ​ | ​ | 8.9 | ​ | ​ | (23.3) | ​ | ​ | 21.5
Income before income taxes | ​ | 388.0 | ​ | ​ | 524.0 | ​ | ​ | 1,407.4 | ​ | ​ | 1,983.8
Income tax provision | ​ | 92.0 | ​ | ​ | 129.6 | ​ | ​ | 340.7 | ​ | ​ | 490.9
Net income | ​ | 296.0 | ​ | ​ | 394.4 | ​ | ​ | 1,066.7 | ​ | ​ | 1,492.9
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | ​ | 1.0 | ​ | ​ | 0.9 | ​ | ​ | 3.5 | ​ | ​ | 3.3
Net income attributable to Reliance | $ | 295.0 | ​ | $ | 393.5 | ​ | $ | 1,063.2 | ​ | $ | 1,489.6
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings per share attributable to Reliance stockholders: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | $ | 5.05 | ​ | $ | 6.55 | ​ | $ | 18.13 | ​ | $ | 24.35
Diluted | $ | 4.99 | ​ | $ | 6.45 | ​ | $ | 17.92 | ​ | $ | 23.98
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Shares used in computing earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | 58,427 | ​ | ​ | 60,055 | ​ | ​ | 58,648 | ​ | ​ | 61,175
Diluted | ​ | 59,124 | ​ | ​ | 60,984 | ​ | ​ | 59,333 | ​ | ​ | 62,114

​

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

​

2

Table of Contents

RELIANCE STEEL & ALUMINUM CO.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in millions)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income | $ | 296.0 | ​ | $ | 394.4 | ​ | $ | 1,066.7 | ​ | $ | 1,492.9
Other comprehensive (loss) income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation loss | ​ | (11.9) | ​ | ​ | (32.0) | ​ | ​ | (10.7) | ​ | ​ | (51.3)
Postretirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax | ​ | (0.9) | ​ | ​ | 6.4 | ​ | ​ | (2.4) | ​ | ​ | 6.3
Total other comprehensive loss | ​ | (12.8) | ​ | ​ | (25.6) | ​ | ​ | (13.1) | ​ | ​ | (45.0)
Comprehensive income | ​ | 283.2 | ​ | ​ | 368.8 | ​ | ​ | 1,053.6 | ​ | ​ | 1,447.9
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | ​ | 1.0 | ​ | ​ | 0.9 | ​ | ​ | 3.5 | ​ | ​ | 3.3
Comprehensive income attributable to Reliance | $ | 282.2 | ​ | $ | 367.9 | ​ | $ | 1,050.1 | ​ | $ | 1,444.6

​

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

​

3

Table of Contents

​

RELIANCE STEEL & ALUMI NUM CO.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(in millions, except per share amounts)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Total equity, beginning balances | $ | 7,625.5 | ​ | $ | 6,863.1 | ​ | $ | 7,095.9 | ​ | $ | 6,093.7
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stock and additional paid-in capital: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Beginning balances | ​ | 0.1 | ​ | ​ | 0.1 | ​ | ​ | 0.1 | ​ | ​ | 0.1
Stock-based compensation | ​ | 16.8 | ​ | ​ | 18.6 | ​ | ​ | 48.4 | ​ | ​ | 48.4
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units | ​ | (4.0) | ​ | ​ | (4.5) | ​ | ​ | (41.3) | ​ | ​ | (21.6)
Repurchase of common shares | ​ | (11.6) | ​ | ​ | (14.1) | ​ | ​ | (5.3) | ​ | ​ | (26.8)
Excise tax on repurchase of common shares | ​ | (1.2) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1.8) | ​ | ​ | —
Ending balances | ​ | 0.1 | ​ | ​ | 0.1 | ​ | ​ | 0.1 | ​ | ​ | 0.1
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Retained earnings: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Beginning balances | ​ | 7,702.1 | ​ | ​ | 6,942.5 | ​ | ​ | 7,173.6 | ​ | ​ | 6,155.3
Net income attributable to Reliance | ​ | 295.0 | ​ | ​ | 393.5 | ​ | ​ | 1,063.2 | ​ | ​ | 1,489.6
Cash dividends and dividend equivalents | ​ | (58.7) | ​ | ​ | (52.9) | ​ | ​ | (179.3) | ​ | ​ | (163.5)
Repurchase of common shares | ​ | (114.8) | ​ | ​ | (322.6) | ​ | ​ | (233.9) | ​ | ​ | (520.9)
Ending balances | ​ | 7,823.6 | ​ | ​ | 6,960.5 | ​ | ​ | 7,823.6 | ​ | ​ | 6,960.5
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accumulated other comprehensive loss: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Beginning balances | ​ | (86.6) | ​ | ​ | (88.3) | ​ | ​ | (86.3) | ​ | ​ | (68.9)
Other comprehensive loss | ​ | (12.8) | ​ | ​ | (25.6) | ​ | ​ | (13.1) | ​ | ​ | (45.0)
Ending balances | ​ | (99.4) | ​ | ​ | (113.9) | ​ | ​ | (99.4) | ​ | ​ | (113.9)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Reliance stockholders' equity, ending balances | ​ | 7,724.3 | ​ | ​ | 6,846.7 | ​ | ​ | 7,724.3 | ​ | ​ | 6,846.7
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noncontrolling interests: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Beginning balances | ​ | 9.9 | ​ | ​ | 8.8 | ​ | ​ | 8.5 | ​ | ​ | 7.2
Comprehensive income | ​ | 1.0 | ​ | ​ | 0.9 | ​ | ​ | 3.5 | ​ | ​ | 3.3
Capital contribution | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 0.3
Dividends paid | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (0.9) | ​ | ​ | (1.1) | ​ | ​ | (2.0)
Ending balances | ​ | 10.9 | ​ | ​ | 8.8 | ​ | ​ | 10.9 | ​ | ​ | 8.8
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total equity, ending balances | $ | 7,735.2 | ​ | $ | 6,855.5 | ​ | $ | 7,735.2 | ​ | $ | 6,855.5
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 1.00 | ​ | $ | 0.875 | ​ | $ | 3.00 | ​ | $ | 2.625

​

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

​

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RELIANCE STEEL & ALUMINUM CO.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | $ | 1,066.7 | ​ | $ | 1,492.9
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation and amortization expense | ​ | 182.5 | ​ | ​ | 178.8
Provision for credit losses | ​ | 4.2 | ​ | ​ | 5.6
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ | 48.4 | ​ | ​ | 48.4
Net loss on life insurance policies and deferred compensation plan assets | ​ | 8.0 | ​ | ​ | 22.8
Other | ​ | (4.7) | ​ | ​ | 2.9
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (excluding effect of businesses acquired): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ | (102.0) | ​ | ​ | (191.6)
Inventories | ​ | (113.5) | ​ | ​ | (126.6)
Prepaid expenses and other assets | ​ | 91.1 | ​ | ​ | 20.0
Accounts payable and other liabilities | ​ | (35.0) | ​ | ​ | (143.3)
Net cash provided by operating activities | ​ | 1,145.7 | ​ | ​ | 1,309.9
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Investing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Acquisition, net of cash acquired | ​ | (24.1) | ​ | ​ | —
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | ​ | (358.6) | ​ | ​ | (249.7)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment | ​ | 9.9 | ​ | ​ | 9.8
Other | ​ | 5.0 | ​ | ​ | (4.5)
Net cash used in investing activities | ​ | (367.8) | ​ | ​ | (244.4)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net short-term debt repayments | ​ | (2.2) | ​ | ​ | (0.8)
Principal payments on long-term debt | ​ | (505.7) | ​ | ​ | —
Cash dividends and dividend equivalents | ​ | (179.3) | ​ | ​ | (163.5)
Share repurchases | ​ | (239.2) | ​ | ​ | (547.7)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units | ​ | (41.3) | ​ | ​ | (21.6)
Other | ​ | (3.0) | ​ | ​ | 22.5
Net cash used in financing activities | ​ | (970.7) | ​ | ​ | (711.1)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ​ | (3.7) | ​ | ​ | (11.2)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | ​ | (196.5) | ​ | ​ | 343.2
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | ​ | 1,173.4 | ​ | ​ | 300.5
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | $ | 976.9 | ​ | $ | 643.7
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Supplemental cash flow information: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest paid during the period | $ | 32.5 | ​ | $ | 39.1
Income taxes paid during the period, net | $ | 305.2 | ​ | $ | 596.8

​

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

​

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RELIANCE STEEL & ALUMINUM CO.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

​

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

​

Principles of Consolidation

​

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. and its subsidiaries (collectively “Reliance”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”). These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all material adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for presentation of financial statements for interim periods in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The ownership of the other interest holders of consolidated subsidiaries is reflected as noncontrolling interests. Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries are recorded under the equity method of accounting. These consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Reliance’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

​

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and the disclosure of contingent amounts in our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

​

Inventories

​

The majority of our inventory is valued using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method, which is not in excess of market. Under this method, older costs are included in inventory, which may be higher or lower than current costs. We estimate the effect of LIFO on interim periods by allocating the projected year-end LIFO calculation to interim periods on a pro rata basis.

​

Inflation Reduction Act

​

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) was enacted. The IRA includes a new 15% minimum tax on book income of certain large corporations. Additionally, the IRA imposes a 1% excise tax, which is paid annually and recorded in paid-in-capital, on the excess of the fair market value of our share repurchases over the fair market value of share issuances, made after December 31, 2022. See our consolidated statements of equity for further information on our accrued 2023 excise tax.

​

​

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​

Note 2. Revenues

​

The following table presents our net sales disaggregated by product and service:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | (in millions)
Carbon steel | $ | 1,996.9 | ​ | $ | 2,371.9 | ​ | $ | 6,266.6 | ​ | $ | 7,545.2
Aluminum | ​ | 592.6 | ​ | ​ | 660.3 | ​ | ​ | 1,902.5 | ​ | ​ | 2,069.9
Stainless steel | ​ | 557.5 | ​ | ​ | 712.7 | ​ | ​ | 1,818.8 | ​ | ​ | 2,284.7
Alloy | ​ | 174.4 | ​ | ​ | 188.2 | ​ | ​ | 552.6 | ​ | ​ | 568.5
Toll processing and logistics | ​ | 154.3 | ​ | ​ | 139.5 | ​ | ​ | 464.2 | ​ | ​ | 414.8
Copper and brass | ​ | 72.2 | ​ | ​ | 81.0 | ​ | ​ | 232.1 | ​ | ​ | 260.4
Other and eliminations | ​ | 75.1 | ​ | ​ | 93.6 | ​ | ​ | 231.8 | ​ | ​ | 270.7
Total | $ | 3,623.0 | ​ | $ | 4,247.2 | ​ | $ | 11,468.6 | ​ | $ | 13,414.2

​

​

Note 3. Goodwill

​

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ |  | (in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,105.9
Acquisition | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2.6
Effect of foreign currency translation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.2
Balance at September 30, 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,108.7

​

We had no accumulated impairment losses related to goodwill at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

​

Note 4. Intangible Assets, net

​

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | December 31, 2022
​ | Weighted Average | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Amortizable | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Accumulated
​ | Life in Years |  | Amount |  | Amortization |  | Amount |  | Amortization
​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions)
Intangible assets subject to amortization: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Customer lists/relationships | 14.2 | ​ | $ | 715.2 | ​ | $ | (510.7) | ​ | $ | 713.6 | ​ | $ | (479.3)
Backlog of orders | 7.9 | ​ | ​ | 22.3 | ​ | ​ | (5.2) | ​ | ​ | 22.3 | ​ | ​ | (3.1)
Other | 9.4 | ​ | ​ | 10.3 | ​ | ​ | (9.6) | ​ | ​ | 9.9 | ​ | ​ | (9.5)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 747.8 | ​ | ​ | (525.5) | ​ | ​ | 745.8 | ​ | ​ | (491.9)
Intangible assets not subject to amortization: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Trade names | ​ | ​ | ​ | 767.8 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 765.7 | ​ | ​ | —
​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,515.6 | ​ | $ | (525.5) | ​ | $ | 1,511.5 | ​ | $ | (491.9)

​

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $33.6 million and $36.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As part of the purchase price allocation of our acquisition of Southern Steel Supply, LLC on May 1, 2023, we allocated a total of $4.0 million to the intangible assets acquired. Foreign currency translation gain related to Intangible assets, net was $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to foreign currency translation loss of $5.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

​

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The following is a summary of estimated future amortization expense:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ |  | (in millions)
2023 (remaining three months) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10.2
2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 40.3
2025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 36.1
2026 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 26.7
2027 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 26.0
Thereafter | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 83.0
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 222.3

​

​

Note 5. Debt

​

Debt consisted of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | December 31,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | (in millions)
Unsecured revolving credit facility maturing September 3, 2025 | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
Senior unsecured notes, interest payable semi-annually at 4.50%, effective rate of 4.63%, redeemed on January 15, 2023 | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 500.0
Senior unsecured notes, interest payable semi-annually at 1.30%, effective rate of 1.53%, maturing August 15, 2025 | ​ | 400.0 | ​ | ​ | 400.0
Senior unsecured notes, interest payable semi-annually at 2.15%, effective rate of 2.27%, maturing August 15, 2030 | ​ | 500.0 | ​ | ​ | 500.0
Senior unsecured notes, interest payable semi-annually at 6.85%, effective rate of 6.91%, maturing November 15, 2036 | ​ | 250.0 | ​ | ​ | 250.0
Other notes and revolving credit facilities | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | ​ | 9.6
Total | ​ | 1,151.7 | ​ | ​ | 1,659.6
Less: unamortized discount and debt issuance costs | ​ | (9.8) | ​ | ​ | (12.0)
Less: amounts due within one year and short-term borrowings | ​ | (0.3) | ​ | ​ | (508.2)
Total long-term debt | $ | 1,141.6 | ​ | $ | 1,139.4

​

The weighted average interest rate on the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 2.88% and 3.37%, respectively.

​

Unsecured Credit Facility

​

On September 3, 2020, we entered into a $1.5 billion unsecured five-year Amended and Restated Credit Agreement that amended and restated our then-existing $1.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility. On January 12, 2023, the agreement was amended to change the reference rate from LIBOR to SOFR (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). As of September 30, 2023, borrowings under the Credit Agreement were available at variable rates based on SOFR plus 1.10% or the bank prime rate and we currently pay a commitment fee at an annual rate of 0.175% on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility. The applicable margins over SOFR and base rate borrowings, along with commitment fees, are subject to adjustment every quarter based on our leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement. All borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be prepaid without penalty.

​

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facility. We had $1.7 million and $7.7 million of letters of credit outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

​

​

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Senior Unsecured Notes

​

On January 15, 2023, we redeemed in full the $500.0 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of our 4.50% senior notes due April 15, 2023 using cash on hand.

​

Under the indentures for each series of our senior notes (the “indentures”), the notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. If we experience a change in control accompanied by a downgrade in our credit rating, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase each series of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

​

Other Notes, Revolving Credit and Letter of Credit/Letters of Guarantee Facilities

​

A revolving credit facility with a credit limit of $7.5 million is in place for an operation in Asia with no outstanding balance as of September 30, 2023 and $2.2 million outstanding as of December 31, 2022.

​

Various industrial revenue bonds had combined outstanding balances of $1.7 million and $7.4 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and have maturities through 2027.

​

We have a $50.0 million standby letters of credit/letters of guarantee agreement with one of the lenders under our Credit Agreement. A total of $41.4 million and $18.7 million were outstanding under this facility as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

​

Covenants

​

The Credit Agreement and the indentures include customary representations, warranties, covenants and events of default provisions. The covenants under the Credit Agreement include, among other things, two financial maintenance covenants that require us to comply with a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio. We were in compliance with all financial maintenance covenants in our Credit Agreement at September 30, 2023.

​

Note 6. Leases

​

Our metals service center leases are comprised of processing and distribution facilities, equipment, trucks and trailers, ground leases and other leased spaces, such as depots, sales offices, storage and data centers. We also lease various office spaces. Our leases of facilities and other spaces expire at various times through 2045 and our ground leases expire at various times through 2068. Nearly all of our leases are operating leases; we have recognized finance right-of-use assets and obligations of less than $1.0 million.

​

The following is a summary of our lease cost:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | (in millions)
Operating lease cost | $ | 25.0 | ​ | $ | 23.1 | ​ | $ | 72.0 | ​ | $ | 69.8

​

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Supplemental cash flow and balance sheet information is presented below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | (in millions)
Supplemental cash flow information: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash payments for operating leases | $ | 70.6 | ​ | $ | 65.4
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations | $ | 55.6 | ​ | $ | 39.0
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | December 31,
​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
Other lease information: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average remaining lease term—operating leases | ​ | 5.8 years | ​ | ​ | 6.6 years
Weighted average discount rate—operating leases | ​ | 4.1% | ​ | ​ | 3.8%

​

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions)
2023 (remaining three months) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 16.8
2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 61.2
2025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 48.2
2026 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35.3
2027 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 26.5
Thereafter | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 79.6
Total operating lease payments | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 267.6
Less: imputed interest | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (37.2)
Total operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 230.4

​

​

Note 7. Income Taxes

​

Our effective income tax rates for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were 23.7% and 24.2%, respectively, compared to 24.7% for the same 2022 periods. The differences between our effective income tax rates and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% were mainly due to state income taxes.

​

Note 8. Equity

​

Dividends

​

On October 24, 2023, our Board of Directors declared the 2023 fourth quarter cash dividend of $1.00 per share of common stock, payable on December 1, 2023 to stockholders of record as of November 17, 2023.

​

During the third quarters of 2023 and 2022, we declared and paid quarterly dividends of $1.00 and $0.875 per share, or $58.5 million and $52.5 million in total, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we declared and paid aggregate quarterly dividends of $3.00 and $2.625 per share, or $176.1 million and $160.6 million in total, respectively. In addition, we paid $3.2 million and $2.9 million in dividend equivalents with respect to vested restricted stock units during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

​

Stock-Based Compensation

​

We make annual grants of long-term equity incentive awards to officers and key employees under our Second Amended and Restated 2015 Incentive Award Plan in the forms of service-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) that each have approximately 3-year vesting periods. The PSUs include the right to receive a maximum payout of two shares of our common stock based on performance goals tied to achieving a 3-year return on assets result and include service criteria. We also grant the non-management members of our Board of

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Table of Contents

Directors fully vested stock awards under our Directors Equity Plan. The fair values of the RSUs, PSUs and stock awards are determined based on the closing stock price of our common stock on the grant date.

​

In the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we made payments of $41.3 million and $21.6 million, respectively, to tax authorities on our employees’ behalf for shares withheld related to net share settlement of vested restricted stock units.

​

A summary of the status of our unvested RSUs and PSUs as of September 30, 2023, and changes during the nine months then ended is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | RSU and PSU | ​ | Grant Date
​ | ​ | Aggregate Units | ​ | Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2023 | ​ | 582,012 | ​ | $ | 164.60
Granted(1) | ​ | 193,812 | ​ | ​ | 247.90
Vested | ​ | (4,075) | ​ | ​ | 157.22
Cancelled or forfeited | ​ | (13,693) | ​ | ​ | 177.18
Unvested at September 30, 2023 | ​ | 758,056 | ​ | $ | 185.71
Shares reserved for future grants (all plans) | ​ | 1,479,570 | ​ | ​ | ​

(1) | Comprised of 109,683 RSUs and 84,129 PSUs granted in February 2023. The RSUs cliff vest on December 1, 2025 and the PSUs are subject to a 3-year performance period ending December 31, 2025.

​

As of September 30, 2023, there was $82.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs and PSUs that is expected to be recognized, net of actual forfeitures and cancellations, over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

​

Share Repurchases

​

Our share repurchase activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average Cost | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average Cost | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | Per Share | ​ | Amount | ​ | Shares | ​ | Per Share | ​ | Amount
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions)
First quarter | ​ | 160,224 | ​ | $ | 242.86 | ​ | $ | 38.9 | ​ | 113,529 | ​ | $ | 150.97 | ​ | $ | 17.1
Second quarter | ​ | 308,454 | ​ | ​ | 239.55 | ​ | ​ | 73.9 | ​ | 1,085,635 | ​ | ​ | 178.61 | ​ | ​ | 193.9
Third quarter | ​ | 467,213 | ​ | ​ | 270.49 | ​ | ​ | 126.4 | ​ | 1,883,093 | ​ | ​ | 178.79 | ​ | ​ | 336.7
​ | ​ | 935,891 | ​ | $ | 255.56 | ​ | $ | 239.2 | ​ | 3,082,257 | ​ | $ | 177.70 | ​ | $ | 547.7

​

From October 2, 2023 through October 24, 2023, we repurchased 575,060 shares at an average cost per share of $255.15, for a total of $146.7 million, resulting in $294.8 million of our common stock remaining available for repurchase under our July 2022 authorization. O ur Board of Directors subsequently amended our share repurchase program to increase the repurchase authorization to $1.5 billion effective October 30, 2023. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific number of shares, does not have a specific expiration date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. Repurchased and subsequently retired shares are restored to the status of authorized but unissued shares.

​

We may repurchase shares through a variety of methods including, but not limited to, open market purchases, accelerated share repurchases, negotiated block purchases and transactions structured through investment banking institutions under plans relying on Rule 10b5-1 and/or Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

​

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​

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

​

Accumulated other comprehensive loss included the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Pension and | ​ | ​
​ | Foreign Currency | ​ | Postretirement Benefit | ​ | Accumulated Other
​ | Translation | ​ | Plan Adjustments, | ​ | Comprehensive
​ | Loss |  | Net of Tax |  | Loss
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions) | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance as of January 1, 2023 | $ | (84.0) | ​ | $ | (2.3) | ​ | $ | (86.3)
Current-period change | ​ | (10.7) | ​ | ​ | (2.4) | ​ | ​ | (13.1)
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | $ | (94.7) | ​ | $ | (4.7) | ​ | $ | (99.4)

​

Foreign currency translation adjustments have not been adjusted for income taxes. Pension and postretirement benefit plan adjustments are amortized over service periods and reflected in the amortization of net loss component of our net periodic benefit cost or are otherwise recognized as a loss as a result of plan settlements. Pension and postretirement benefit plan adjustments are net of taxes of $1.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The income tax effects are released from accumulated other comprehensive loss and included in our income tax provision as obligations under our pension and postretirement plans are settled.

​

Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies

​

Environmental Contingencies

​

We are currently involved with an environmental remediation project related to activities at former manufacturing operations of Earle M. Jorgensen Company (“EMJ”), our wholly owned subsidiary, that were sold many years prior to our acquisition of EMJ in 2006. Although the potential cleanup costs could be significant, EMJ maintained insurance policies during the time it owned the manufacturing operations that have covered costs incurred to date and are expected to continue to cover the majority of the related costs. We do not expect that this obligation will have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

​

Legal Matters

​

From time to time, we are named as a defendant in legal actions. These actions generally arise in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any pending legal proceedings other than routine litigation incidental to the business. We expect that these matters will be resolved without having a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We maintain general liability insurance against risks arising in the ordinary course of business.

​

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Note 10. Earnings Per Share

​

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | (in millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands and per share amounts)
Numerator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income attributable to Reliance | $ | 295.0 | ​ | $ | 393.5 | ​ | $ | 1,063.2 | ​ | $ | 1,489.6
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Denominator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average shares outstanding | ​ | 58,427 | ​ | ​ | 60,055 | ​ | ​ | 58,648 | ​ | ​ | 61,175
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards | ​ | 697 | ​ | ​ | 929 | ​ | ​ | 685 | ​ | ​ | 939
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding | ​ | 59,124 | ​ | ​ | 60,984 | ​ | ​ | 59,333 | ​ | ​ | 62,114
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings per share attributable to Reliance stockholders: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | $ | 5.05 | ​ | $ | 6.55 | ​ | $ | 18.13 | ​ | $ | 24.35
Diluted | $ | 4.99 | ​ | $ | 6.45 | ​ | $ | 17.92 | ​ | $ | 23.98

​

The computations of earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 do not include 68,453 and 111,251 weighted average shares, respectively, in respect of outstanding RSUs and PSUs, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

​

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​

RELIANCE STEEL & ALUMINUM CO.

​

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

​

The terms “Company,” “Reliance,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. and all its subsidiaries that are consolidated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, unless otherwise indicated.

​

This report contains certain statements that are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Our forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, discussions of our industry and end markets, our business strategies and our expectations concerning future demand and major commodity product pricing and our results of operations, margins, profitability, taxes, liquidity, macroeconomic conditions, including inflation and the possibility of an economic recession or slowdown, litigation matters and capital resources. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “preliminary,” “range,” “intend” and “continue,” the negative of these terms, and similar expressions. All statements contained in this report, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s estimates, projections and assumptions as of the date of such statements. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

​

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are not guarantees of future performance. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in these forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including, but not limited to, actions taken by us, as well as developments beyond our control, including, but not limited to, the impacts of labor constraints and supply chain disruptions and changes in worldwide and U.S. political and economic conditions such as inflation, a prolonged higher interest rate environment and the possibility of an economic recession that could materially impact us, our customers and suppliers and demand for our products and services. Deteriorations in economic conditions, as a result of inflation, elevated interest rates, economic recession, slowing growth, outbreaks of infectious disease, conflicts such as the war in Ukraine and the evolving events in Israel and Gaza or otherwise, could lead to a decline in demand for our products and services and negatively impact our business, and may also impact financial markets and corporate credit markets which could adversely impact our access to financing, or the terms of any financing. Other factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements include those disclosed in this report and in other reports we have filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Important risks and uncertainties about our business can be found elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC and in other documents Reliance files or furnishes with the SEC.

​

The statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date that they were made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in assumptions, beliefs, or expectations or any change in events, conditions, or circumstances upon which any such forward-looking statements are based. You should review any additional disclosures we make in any subsequent press releases and Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K filed with or furnished to the SEC.

​

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​

Overview

​

Tons sold increased 1.1% and 3.4% for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022, respectively, due to healthy demand in our key end markets, including non-residential construction (our largest end market) and aerospace, as well as contributions from our organic growth activities. The 3.4% increase in our tons sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 outperformed the 1.0% increase in industry shipments as reported by the Metals Service Center Institute (“MSCI”).

​

Our net sales declined in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022 due to declines in our average selling price per ton sold that were partially offset by increases in our tons sold. Our average selling price per ton sold peaked at an ultimate record in the second quarter of 2022 and subsequently declined thereafter, including through the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

​

We believe record metals pricing in 2022 was largely driven by supply chain disruptions caused by the onset of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, labor supply and microchip shortages, and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the omicron variant surge and lockdowns in China.

​

Gross profit margins for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were 29.7% and 30.7%, respectively, compared to 29.2% and 30.7% for the respective 2022 periods.

​

Earnings per diluted share were $4.99 and $17.92 for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $6.45 and $23.98 for the respective 2022 periods. Lower gross profit, driven by lower metals prices that more than offset increases in tons sold, contributed to decreases in earnings per share.

​

Cash flow from operations of $1.15 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased from $1.31 billion for the same period in 2022 due to lower profitability partially offset by lower working capital needs.

​

Organic growth activities were substantially comprised of capital expenditures of $358.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $249.7 million for the same period in 2022.

​

Returns to stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $418.5 million, comprised of $179.3 million of cash dividends and $239.2 million of share repurchases.

​

Acquisition

​

On May 1, 2023, we acquired Southern Steel Supply, LLC (“Southern Steel”), a metals service center that offers merchant and structural steel, pipe and tube, steel plate, ornamental products and laser cut and fabricated parts. Located in Memphis, Tennessee, Southern Steel now operates as a subsidiary of Siskin Steel & Supply Company, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand. Included in our net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were net sales of $20.2 million from Southern Steel.

​

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Results of Operations

​

The following sets forth certain income statement data for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (dollars are shown in millions, except per share amounts, and certain amounts may not calculate due to rounding):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | September 30, | ​
​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022 | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​
​ | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | $ |  | Net Sales | ​
Net sales | $ | 3,623.0 | ​ | 100.0 | % | ​ | $ | 4,247.2 | ​ | 100.0 | % | ​ | $ | 11,468.6 | ​ | 100.0 | % | ​ | $ | 13,414.2 | ​ | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense shown below)(1) | ​ | 2,546.0 | ​ | 70.3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,008.2 | ​ | 70.8 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,942.9 | ​ | 69.3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,292.7 | ​ | 69.3 | ​
Gross profit(2) | ​ | 1,077.0 | ​ | 29.7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,239.0 | ​ | 29.2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,525.7 | ​ | 30.7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,121.5 | ​ | 30.7 | ​
Warehouse, delivery, selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) | ​ | 626.9 | ​ | 17.3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 630.1 | ​ | 14.8 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,928.8 | ​ | 16.8 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,890.6 | ​ | 14.1 | ​
Depreciation and amortization expense | ​ | 60.6 | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 60.4 | ​ | 1.4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 182.5 | ​ | 1.6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 178.8 | ​ | 1.3 | ​
Operating income | $ | 389.5 | ​ | 10.8 | % | ​ | $ | 548.5 | ​ | 12.9 | % | ​ | $ | 1,414.4 | ​ | 12.3 | % | ​ | $ | 2,052.1 | ​ | 15.3 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income attributable to Reliance | $ | 295.0 | ​ | 8.1 | % | ​ | $ | 393.5 | ​ | 9.3 | % | ​ | $ | 1,063.2 | ​ | 9.3 | % | ​ | $ | 1,489.6 | ​ | 11.1 | %
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Reliance stockholders | $ | 4.99 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6.45 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17.92 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 23.98 | ​ | ​ | ​

(1) | Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included $8.1 million of non-recurring amortization of inventory step-up to fair value adjustments for our 2021 acquisitions.

(2) | Gross profit, calculated as net sales less cost of sales, and gross profit margin, calculated as gross profit divided by net sales, are non-GAAP financial measures as they exclude depreciation and amortization expense associated with the corresponding sales. About half of our orders are basic distribution with no processing services performed. For the remainder of our sales orders, we perform “first-stage” processing, which is generally not labor intensive as we are simply cutting the metal to size. Because of this, the amount of related labor and overhead, including depreciation and amortization, is not significant and is excluded from cost of sales. Therefore, our cost of sales is substantially comprised of the cost of the material we sell. We use gross profit and gross profit margin as shown above as measures of operating performance. Gross profit and gross profit margin are important operating and financial measures as their fluctuations can have a significant impact on our earnings. Gross profit and gross profit margin, as presented, are not necessarily comparable with similarly titled measures for other companies.

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Third Quarter and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Third Quarter and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

​

Net Sales

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | Dollar | ​ | Percentage | ​
​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |  | Change | ​
​ | (dollars in millions) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net sales (three months ended) | $ | 3,623.0 | ​ | $ | 4,247.2 | ​ | $ | (624.2) |  | (14.7) | %
Net sales (nine months ended) | $ | 11,468.6 |  | $ | 13,414.2 |  | $ | (1,945.6) |  | (14.5) | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | Tons | ​ | Percentage | ​
​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | Change | ​ | Change | ​
​ | (tons in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Tons sold (three months ended) | ​ | 1,420.8 | ​ | ​ | 1,406.0 | ​ | ​ | 14.8 | ​ | 1.1 | %
Tons sold (nine months ended) | ​ | 4,425.0 | ​ | ​ | 4,279.6 | ​ | ​ | 145.4 | ​ | 3.4 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | Price | ​ | Percentage | ​
​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | Change | ​ | Change | ​
Average selling price per ton sold (three months ended) | $ | 2,552 | ​ | $ | 3,039 | ​ | $ | (487) | ​ | (16.0) | %
Average selling price per ton sold (nine months ended) | $ | 2,602 | ​ | $ | 3,156 | ​ | $ | (554) | ​ | (17.6) | %

​

Our tons sold and average selling price per ton sold exclude our tons toll processed. Our average selling price per ton sold includes intercompany transactions that are eliminated from our consolidated net sales.

​

Our net sales declined from record third-quarter levels in the comparable 2022 periods due to declines in our average selling price per ton sold that were partially offset by increases in tons sold. The increases in our tons sold were due to healthy demand in our key end markets, including non-residential construction (our largest end market) and aerospace, as well as contributions from our organic growth activities.

​

Our average selling price per ton sold peaked in the second quarter of 2022 and subsequently declined thereafter, including through the nine months ended September 30, 2023. We believe record metals pricing in 2022 was largely driven by supply chain disruptions caused by the onset of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, labor supply and microchip shortages, and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the omicron variant surge and lockdowns in China.

​

Since we primarily purchase and sell our inventories in the spot market, our average selling prices generally fluctuate similarly with the changes in the costs of the various metals we purchase; the mix of products sold can also have an impact on our average selling price per ton sold. As c arbon steel sales represented 53% of our gross sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, changes in carbon steel prices have the most significant impact on changes in our overall average selling price per ton sold. Year-over-year changes in the selling prices of our major commodity products and related mix of our tons sold are presented below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | September 30 | ​ | ​ | September 30 | ​
​ | ​ | Change in | ​ | ​ | Change in | ​ | ​ | Change in | ​ | ​ | Change in | ​
​ | ​ | Average Selling | ​ | ​ | Percentage of | ​ | ​ | Average Selling | ​ | ​ | Percentage of | ​
​ | ​ | Price Per | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ | ​ | Price Per | ​ | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | Ton Sold | ​ |  | Tons Sold | ​ |  | Ton Sold | ​ |  | Tons Sold | ​
Carbon steel | ​ | (17.2) | % | ​ | 0.5 | % | ​ | (20.7) | % | ​ | 1.0 | %
Aluminum | ​ | (7.8) | % | ​ | (0.2) | % | ​ | (5.9) | % | ​ | (0.3) | %
Stainless steel | ​ | (14.1) | % | ​ | (0.5) | % | ​ | (11.1) | % | ​ | (0.8) | %
Alloy | ​ | 4.5 | % | ​ | (0.3) | % | ​ | 7.5 | % | ​ | (0.3) | %

​

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Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | Dollar | ​ | Percentage | ​
​ | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | Change |  | Change | ​
​ | (dollars in millions) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of sales (three months ended) | $ | 2,546.0 | ​ | 70.3 | % | ​ | $ | 3,008.2 | ​ | 70.8 | % | ​ | $ | (462.2) | ​ | (15.4) | %
Cost of sales (nine months ended) | $ | 7,942.9 | ​ | 69.3 | % | ​ | $ | 9,292.7 | ​ | 69.3 | % | ​ | $ | (1,349.8) | ​ | (14.5) | %
Gross profit (three months ended) | $ | 1,077.0 | ​ | 29.7 | % | ​ | $ | 1,239.0 | ​ | 29.2 | % | ​ | $ | (162.0) | ​ | (13.1) | %
Gross profit (nine months ended) | $ | 3,525.7 | ​ | 30.7 | % | ​ | $ | 4,121.5 | ​ | 30.7 | % | ​ | $ | (595.8) | ​ | (14.5) | %
LIFO (income) expense (three months ended) | $ | (45.0) | ​ | (1.2) | % | ​ | $ | (27.5) | ​ | (0.6) | % | ​ | $ | (17.5) | ​ | * | ​
LIFO (income) expense (nine months ended) | $ | (105.0) | ​ | (0.9) | % | ​ | $ | 22.5 | ​ | 0.2 | % | ​ | $ | (127.5) | ​ | * | ​

* Not meaningful.

​

Gross profit in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased from the same periods in 2022 mainly due to lower sales as a result of decreases in average selling price per ton sold that more than offset increases in tons sold.

​

In addition, we record in cost of sales non-cash adjustments to our LIFO method inventory valuation reserve that, in effect, reflects cost of sales at current replacement costs. The inventory caption of our consolidated balance sheet included a LIFO method inventory valuation reserve of $638.8 million at September 30, 2023.

​

Furthermore, cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included $8.1 million of non-recurring amortization of inventory step-up to fair value adjustments related to our 2021 acquisitions that decreased gross profit margin by ten basis points.

​

We were able to achieve stable gross profit margins despite the significantly different metals pricing environments, with our average selling price per ton sold declining 17.6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the 30.0% increase in our average selling price per ton sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We believe that our gross profit margins are supported by our product diversity, small order sizes, investments in value-added processing capabilities and healthy demand in the majority of end markets we serve.

​

See “Net Sales” above for further discussion on product pricing trends.

​

Expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | Dollar | ​ | Percentage | ​
​ | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | Change |  | Change | ​
​ | (dollars in millions) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
SG&A expense (three months ended) | $ | 626.9 | ​ | 17.3 | % | ​ | $ | 630.1 | ​ | 14.8 | % | ​ | $ | (3.2) | ​ | (0.5) | %
SG&A expense (nine months ended) | $ | 1,928.8 | ​ | 16.8 | % | ​ | $ | 1,890.6 | ​ | 14.1 | % | ​ | $ | 38.2 | ​ | 2.0 | %
Depreciation & amortization expense (three months ended) | $ | 60.6 | ​ | 1.7 | % | ​ | $ | 60.4 | ​ | 1.4 | % | ​ | $ | 0.2 | ​ | 0.3 | %
Depreciation & amortization expense (nine months ended) | $ | 182.5 | ​ | 1.6 | % | ​ | $ | 178.8 | ​ | 1.3 | % | ​ | $ | 3.7 | ​ | 2.1 | %

​

Our SG&A expense increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 mainly due to higher variable costs associated with increases in our tons sold, including increased headcount, and inflationary impacts on wages, which were partially offset by lower incentive-based compensation that is primarily tied to first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) pretax income profitability, which declined 35.1% compared to the same period in 2022.

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​

Our SG&A expense as a percentage of sales for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022 mainly increased due to lower sales levels.

​

See “Cost of Sales and Gross Profit” above for discussion of our LIFO method inventory valuation reserve.

​

Operating Income

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | Dollar | ​ | Percentage | ​
​ | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | Change |  | Change | ​
​ | (dollars in millions) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (three months ended) | $ | 389.5 | ​ | 10.8 | % | ​ | $ | 548.5 | ​ | 12.9 | % | ​ | $ | (159.0) | ​ | (29.0) | %
Operating income (nine months ended) | $ | 1,414.4 | ​ | 12.3 | % | ​ | $ | 2,052.1 | ​ | 15.3 | % | ​ | $ | (637.7) | ​ | (31.1) | %

​

The decreases in our operating income for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same periods in 2022 were mainly a result of lower gross profit, driven by lower metals prices that more than offset increases in tons sold, along with moderate changes in SG&A expense attributable to increases in our tons sold and inflationary impacts on wages.

​

Our gross profit margins were generally consistent with the same periods in 2022 and consequently the decreases in our operating income margins for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were mainly due to our lower sales levels that decreased operating leverage of our SG&A expenses.

​

Other (Income) Expense, Net

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | Dollar | ​ | Percentage | ​
​ | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | $ |  | Net Sales | ​ |  | Change |  | Change |
​ | (dollars in millions) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other (income) expense, net (three months ended) | $ | (8.2) | ​ | (0.2) | % | ​ | $ | 8.9 | ​ | 0.2 | % | ​ | $ | (17.1) | ​ | * | ​
Other (income) expense, net (nine months ended) | $ | (23.3) | ​ | (0.2) | % | ​ | $ | 21.5 | ​ | 0.2 | % | ​ | $ | (44.8) | ​ | * | ​

* Not meaningful.

​

The changes in other (income) expense, net in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022 were mainly due to increases in interest income as a result of higher cash and cash equivalent balances and interest rates earned on bank deposits and cash equivalents.

​

Income Tax Rate

​

Our effective income tax rates for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were 23.7% and 24.2%, respectively, compared to 24.7% for the same 2022 periods. The differences between our effective income tax rates and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% were mainly due to state income taxes.

​

Financial Condition

​

Operating Activities

​

Net cash provided by operations of $1.15 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased slightly from $1.31 billion for the same period in 2022. The impact of lower profitability on operating cash flow was offset by

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lower working capital needs, resulting in relatively consistent levels of operating cash flow in both periods. To manage our working capital, we focus on our days sales outstanding and inventory turnover rate as receivables and inventory are the two most significant elements of our working capital. As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, our days sales outstanding rates were 40.3 days and 39.6 days, respectively. Our inventory turnover rate (based on tons) during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 4.7 times (or 2.6 months on hand), compared to 4.3 times (or 2.8 months on hand) for the same period in 2022.

​

Income taxes paid were $305.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $596.8 million in the same period in 2022. The decrease in our taxes paid was mainly due to lower estimated tax payments in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 as a result of decreased pretax income.

​

Investing Activities

​

Net cash used in investing activities was $367.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $244.4 million for the same period in 2022 and was substantially comprised of capital expenditures and the purchase price for our acquisition of Southern Steel on May 1, 2023. The majority of our capital expenditures in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were related to growth initiatives.

​

Financing Activities

​

Net cash used in financing activities was $970.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $711.1 million for the same period in 2022, mainly due to the redemption of $500.0 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of senior notes in January 2023 offset by decreased share repurchases. In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we spent $239.2 million to repurchase shares of our common stock compared to $547.7 million in the same period in 2022. Our other stockholder returns included an increase in our quarterly dividend rate with total dividend payments of $179.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $163.5 million in the same period in 2022. We also spent $41.3 million on taxes relating to net share settlement of restricted stock units in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $21.6 million in the same period in 2022.

​

On October 24, 2023, our Board of Directors declared the 2023 fourth quarter cash dividend of $1.00 per share. We have increased our quarterly dividend 30 times since our IPO in 1994, with the most recent increase of 14.3% from $0.875 per share to $1.00 per share effective in the first quarter of 2023. We have paid quarterly cash dividends on our common stock for 64 consecutive years and have never reduced or suspended our regular quarterly dividend.

​

See Note 8—“Equity” to our consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 “Financial Statements” for further information on our 2023 share repurchases.

​

On October 24, 2023, our Board of Directors amended our share repurchase program to increase the repurchase authorization to $1.5 billion effective October 30, 2023. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific number of shares, does not have a specific expiration date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

​

From 2018 through September 30, 2023, we have repurchased approximately 16.9 million shares at an average cost of $122.20 per share, for a total of $2.07 billion, resulting in a 23.3% reduction in our common shares outstanding.

​

Debt

​

We have a $1.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility with no outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2023 under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). We also had an aggregate of $1.15 billion principal amount of senior unsecured note obligations with various maturities through 2036 issued under indentures as of September 30, 2023.

​

On January 15, 2023, we redeemed in full the $500.0 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of our 4.50% senior notes due April 15, 2023 using cash on hand. See Note 5—“Debt” to our consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 “Financial Statements” for further information on our debt obligations.

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​

Liquidity and Capital Resources

​

We believe our primary sources of liquidity, including funds generated from operations, cash and cash equivalents and our Credit Agreement, will be sufficient to satisfy our cash requirements and stockholder return activities over the next 12 months and beyond. As of September 30, 2023, we had $976.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and our net debt-to-total capital ratio (net debt-to-total capital is calculated as carrying amount of debt, net of cash, divided by total Reliance stockholders’ equity plus carrying amount of debt, net of cash) was 2.1%, down from 6.3% as of December 31, 2022.

​

As of September 30, 2023, we had $400.6 million of debt obligations coming due before our Credit Agreement matures on September 3, 2025.

​

We believe that we will continue to have sufficient liquidity to fund our future operating needs and to repay our debt obligations as they become due. In addition to funds generated from operations and $1.5 billion available under our Credit Agreement, we expect to continue to be able to access the capital markets to raise funds, if desired. We believe our sources of liquidity will continue to be adequate to maintain operations, make necessary capital expenditures, finance strategic growth through acquisitions and internal initiatives, pay dividends and repurchase shares. Additionally, we believe our investment grade credit ratings enhance our ability to effectively raise capital, if desired.

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Covenants

​

The Credit Agreement and indentures governing our debt securities include customary representations, warranties, covenants and events of default provisions. The covenants under the Credit Agreement include, among other things, two financial maintenance covenants that require us to comply with a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio.

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We were in compliance with all financial maintenance covenants in our Credit Agreement at September 30, 2023.

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Seasonality

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Some of our customers are in seasonal businesses, especially customers in the construction industry and related businesses. However, our overall operations have not shown any material seasonal trends as a result of our geographic, product and customer diversity. Typically, revenues in the months of July, November and December have been lower than in other months because of a reduced number of working days for shipments of our products, resulting from holidays observed by the Company as well as vacation and extended holiday closures at some of our customers. The number of shipping days in each quarter also has an impact on our quarterly sales and profitability. We cannot predict whether period-to-period fluctuations will be consistent with historical patterns. Results of any one or more quarters are therefore not necessarily indicative of annual results.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

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Goodwill, which represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired, amounted to $2.11 billion at September 30, 2023, or approximately 20% of total assets and 27% of total equity. Additionally, other intangible assets, net amounted to $990.1 million at September 30, 2023, or approximately 9% of total assets and 13% of total equity. Goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment tests and further evaluation when certain events occur. Other intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their useful lives. We review the recoverability of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses our Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. When we prepare these consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of

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assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Some of our accounting policies require that we make subjective judgments, including estimates that involve matters that are inherently uncertain. Our most critical accounting estimates include those related to goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

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During the third quarter ended September 30, 2023, there were no material changes to our critical accounting estimates as compared to the critical accounting estimates disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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Website Disclosure

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The Company may use its website as a distribution channel of material company information. Financial and other important information regarding the Company is routinely posted on and accessible through the Company’s website at www.rsac.com, and our investors relations website, investor.rsac.com. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about the Company when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Email Alerts” section at investor.rsac.com. The website is for informational purposes only and is not intended for use as a hyperlink. The Company is not incorporating any material on its website into this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

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For the Company’s disclosures about market risk, please see Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes to the Company’s exposures to market risk as disclosed in Part II—Item 7A of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

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Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to and as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered in this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the third quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings

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The information contained under the heading “Legal Matters” in Note 9—“Commitments and Contingencies” to our Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

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There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

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Our share repurchase activity for the third quarter of 2023 was as follows:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total Number of | ​ | Maximum Dollar
​ | ​ | Total Number | ​ | Average Price | ​ | Shares Purchased | ​ | Value That May
​ | ​ | of Shares | ​ | Paid | ​ | as Part of Publicly | ​ | Yet Be Purchased
Period | ​ | Purchased | ​ | Per Share | ​ | Announced Plan | ​ | Under the Plan(1)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions)
July 1 - July 31, 2023 | ​ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | — | ​ | $ | 567.9
August 1 - August 31, 2023 | ​ | 115,435 | ​ | $ | 282.43 | ​ | 115,435 | ​ | $ | 535.3
September 1 - September 30, 2023 | ​ | 351,778 | ​ | $ | 266.57 | ​ | 351,778 | ​ | $ | 441.6
Total | ​ | 467,213 | ​ | $ | 270.49 | ​ | 467,213 | ​ | ​ | ​

(1) | All repurchases were made under our $1.0 billion share repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors o n July 26, 2022. From October 2, 2023 through October 24, 2023, we repurchased 575,060 shares at an average cost per share of $255.15, for a total of $146.7 million, resulting in $294.8 million of our common stock remaining available for repurchase under our July 2022 authorization. O ur Board of Directors subsequently amended our share repurchase program to increase the repurchase authorization to $1.5 billion effective October 30, 2023. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific number of shares, does not have a specific expiration date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. Under the share repurchase plan, shares may be repurchased through a variety of methods including, but not limited to, open market purchases, accelerated share repurchases, negotiated block purchases and transactions structured through investment banking institutions under plans relying on Rule 10b5-1 and/or Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act.

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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

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None.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

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Not applicable.

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Item 5. Other Information

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During the third quarter ended September 30, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. Exhibits

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| ​ |
--- | --- | ---
Exhibit Number | ​ | Description
31.1* | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2* | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32** | ​ | Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101* | ​ | The following unaudited financial information from Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) related notes to these consolidated financial statements.
104* | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatting as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
​ | ​ | ​

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURE

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ RELIANCE STEEL & ALUMINUM CO.
​ | (Registrant)
​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Date: November 2, 2023 | By: | /s/ Arthur Ajemyan | ​
​ | ​ | Arthur Ajemyan
​ | ​ | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
​ | ​ | (Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
​ | ​

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