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Share-Based Compensation Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Share-Based Compensation Plans [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation Plans | 16. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS The Company has a 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (“2020 Employee Plan”), a 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (“2010 Employee Plan”), a 2009 Non-Employee Director Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (“2009 Director Plan”) and a 2003 Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Plan (“2003 Director Plan”). The 2020 Employee Plan was established in June 2020. Under the 2020 Employee Plan, 1,400,000 common shares have been authorized to be granted as non-qualified share options, share appreciation rights, restricted share awards or performance share unit awards to officers and key employees of the Company. At December 31, 2021, there were 1,158,270 remaining shares available to be granted under the 2020 Employee Plan. The 2020 Employee Plan replaced a 2010 Employee Plan, which replaced a 2002 Employee Plan, which replaced a 1995 Employee Plan; therefore, no further awards will be granted under the 2002 Employee Plan or the 1995 Employee Plan. Through December 31, 2021, only non-qualified share options, restricted share awards and performance share unit awards had been granted under the employee plans. Under the 2009 Director Plan, 37,439 common shares have been authorized to be granted as share options or restricted share awards to non-employee directors of the Company. At December 31, 2021, there were 34,957 remaining shares available to be granted under the 2009 Director Plan. The 2009 Director Plan replaced a 1995 Director Plan, which expired. Under the 2003 Director Plan, 500,000 common shares have been authorized to be granted as share options or share awards to non-employee directors of the Company. At December 31, 2021 there were 307,378 remaining shares available to be granted under the 2003 Director Plan. Options and restricted shares granted under the 2020 Employee Plan, 2010 Employee Plan and the 2002 Employee Plan vest at the earliest of 20% per year over five years or in accordance with any applicable employment agreement. Options and restricted shares granted under the 2003 Director Plan generally vest at 33% per year over three years, unless an alternate vesting period is authorized by the Board. Options and restricted shares granted under the 2009 Director Plan will vest as provided in the award agreement. All options are exercisable at fair market value of the stock at the date of grant and expire ten years after the date of grant. Performance Share Unit awards granted under the 2020 Employee Plan and the 2010 Employee Plan will vest 100% after three years. The Performance Share Unit awards represent the right to receive between 0 and 1.75 shares of stock for each unit awarded depending upon performance in relation to certain metrics. The performance share unit valuation will be based partly on growth in book value per share over the three year vesting period, compared to designated peer companies. The remaining portion of the performance share valuation will be based upon operating return on equity for each of the separate operating years within the vesting period. For share options, restricted shares and performance share units granted under the 2020 Employee Plan, the 2010 Employee Plan, the 2002 Employee Plan, the 2009 Director Plan and the 2003 Director Plan, share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) was $43.4 million, $39.2 million and $34.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The corresponding income tax benefit recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for share-based compensation was $8.0 million, $7.1 million and $8.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, a total of 213,901 restricted shares were granted on February 23, 2021, February 24, 2021, May 12, 2021, September 9, 2021 and November 16, 2021, with a fair value of $242.240, $244.445, $264.845, $263.630 and $277.605 per share, respectively. Additionally, 22,205 performance share units were awarded on February 23, 2021, with a fair value of $242.240 per unit. No share options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2021. For share options granted during previous years, the fair value per option was calculated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Company recognizes, as an increase to additional paid-in capital, a realized income tax benefit from dividends, charged to retained earnings and paid to employees on equity classified non-vested equity shares. In addition, the amount recognized in additional paid-in capital for the realized income tax benefit from dividends on those awards is included in the pool of excess tax benefits available to absorb tax deficiencies on share-based payment awards. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $0.6 million, $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of additional paid-in capital due to tax benefits from dividends on restricted shares. A summary of the option activity under the Company’s shareholder approved plans as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, and changes during the year then ended is presented in the following tables:
|  |  |  |  | Weighted- |  |
|  |  | Weighted- |  | Average |  |
|  |  | Average |  | Remaining |  | Aggregate
(Aggregate Intrinsic Value in thousands) |  |  | Exercise |  | Contractual |  | Intrinsic
Options | Shares |  | Price/Share |  | Term |  | Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2021 | 116,871 |  | $ | 87.87 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | - |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | 67,843 |  |  | 87.39 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/Cancelled/Expired | – |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 49,028 |  |  | 88.52 |  | 0.2 |  | $ | 9,090
|  |  |  | . |  |  |  |  |
Exercisable at December 31, 2021 | 49,028 |  |  | 88.52 |  | 0.2 |  | $ | 9,090
|  |  |  |  | Weighted- |  |
|  |  | Weighted- |  | Average |  |
|  |  | Average |  | Remaining |  | Aggregate
(Aggregate Intrinsic Value in thousands) |  |  | Exercise |  | Contractual |  | Intrinsic
Options | Shares |  | Price/Share |  | Term |  | Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2020 | 170,704 |  | $ | 87.18 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | - |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | 53,833 |  |  | 85.69 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/Cancelled/Expired | - |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 116,871 |  |  | 87.87 |  | 0.7 |  | $ | 17,089
|  |  |  | . |  |  |  |  |
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 | 116,871 |  |  | 87.87 |  | 0.7 |  | $ | 17,089
|  |  |  |  | Weighted- |  |
|  |  | Weighted- |  | Average |  |
|  |  | Average |  | Remaining |  | Aggregate
(Aggregate Intrinsic Value in thousands) |  |  | Exercise |  | Contractual |  | Intrinsic
Options | Shares |  | Price/Share |  | Term |  | Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 | 279,164 |  | $ | 83.84 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | - |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | 108,460 |  |  | 78.58 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/Cancelled/Expired | - |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 | 170,704 |  |  | 87.18 |  | 1.4 |  | $ | 32,376
|  |  |  | . |  |  |  |  |
Exercisable at December 31, 2019 | 170,704 |  |  | 87.18 |  | 1.4 |  | $ | 32,376
There were no share options granted in 2021, 2020 and 2019. The aggregate intrinsic value (market price less exercise price) of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $10.9 million, $10.0 million and $16.3 million, respectively. The cash received from the exercised share options for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $5.9 million. The tax benefit realized from the options exercised for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $2.6 million. The following table summarizes information about share options outstanding for the period indicated:
| At December 31, 2021
| Options Outstanding |  | Options Exercisable
|  |  | Weighted- |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Average |  | Weighted- |  |  |  | Weighted-
| Number |  | Remaining |  | Average |  | Number |  | Average
Range of | Outstanding |  | Contractual |  | Exercise |  | Exercisable |  | Exercise
Exercise Prices | at 12/31/21 |  | Life |  | Price |  | at 12/31/21 |  | Price
$88.32 - $88.32 | 48,574 |  | 0.1 |  | $ | 88.32 |  | 48,574 |  | $ | 88.32
$88.33 - $110.13 | 454 |  | 0.7 |  |  | 110.13 |  | 454 |  |  | 110.13
$90.49 - $110.13 | - |  | - |  |  | - |  | - |  |  | -
| 49,028 |  | 0.2 |  |  | 88.52 |  | 49,028 |  |  | 88.52
The following table summarizes the status of the Company’s non-vested shares and changes for the periods indicated:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  | Weighted- |  |  |  | Weighted- |  |  |  | Weighted-
|  |  | Average |  |  |  | Average |  |  |  | Average
|  |  | Grant Date |  |  |  | Grant Date |  |  |  | Grant Date
Restricted (non-vested) Shares | Shares |  | Fair Value |  | Shares |  | Fair Value |  | Shares |  | Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, | 483,427 |  | $ | 246.60 |  | 495,137 |  | $ | 228.02 |  | 414,407 |  | $ | 217.15
Granted | 213,901 |  |  | 243.51 |  | 200,929 |  |  | 269.86 |  | 232,601 |  |  | 232.36
Vested | 158,735 |  |  | 238.67 |  | 175,413 |  |  | 220.88 |  | 138,322 |  |  | 203.41
Forfeited | 42,499 |  |  | 247.02 |  | 37,226 |  |  | 246.20 |  | 13,549 |  |  | 221.35
Outstanding at December 31, | 496,094 |  |  | 247.76 |  | 483,427 |  |  | 246.60 |  | 495,137 |  |  | 228.02
As of December 31, 2021, there was $90.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation expense. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.3 years. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, was $37.9 million, $38.7 million and $28.1 million, respectively. The tax benefit realized from the shares vested for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $7.5 million. In addition to the 2020 Employee Plan, the 2010 Employee Plan, the 2009 Director Plan and the 2003 Director Plan, Group issued 506 common shares in 2021, 593 common shares in 2020 and 459 common shares in 2019 to the Company’s non-employee directors as compensation for their service as directors. These issuances had aggregate values of approximately $0.1 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019. Since its 1995 initial public offering, the Company has issued to certain key employees of the Company 2,922,717 restricted common shares, of which 411,663 restricted shares have been cancelled. The Company has issued to non-employee directors of the Company 185,153 restricted common shares, of which no restricted shares have been cancelled. The Company acquired 79,308, 66,289 and 71,437 common shares at a cost of $17.8 million, $17.9 million and $14.2 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, from employees who chose to pay required withholding taxes and/or the exercise cost on option exercises or restricted share vestings by withholding shares. The following table summarized the status of the Company’s non-vested performance share unit awards and changes for the period indicated:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  | Weighted- |  |  |  | Weighted- |  |  |  | Weighted-
|  |  | Average |  |  |  | Average |  |  |  | Average
|  |  | Grant Date |  |  |  | Grant Date |  |  |  | Grant Date
Performance Share Unit Awards | Shares |  | Fair Value |  | Shares |  | Fair Value |  | Shares |  | Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, | 38,891 |  | $ | - |  | 34,850 |  | $ | - |  | 32,382 |  | $ | -
Granted | 22,205 |  |  | 242.24 |  | 16,120 |  |  | 277.15 |  | 16,855 |  |  | 223.45
Increase/(Decrease) on vesting units due to performance | (800) |  |  | - |  | (2,227) |  |  | - |  | (3,455) |  |  | -
Vested | 9,801 |  |  | 242.24 |  | 6,157 |  |  | 277.15 |  | 10,922 |  |  | 223.45
Forfeited | - |  |  | - |  | 3,695 |  |  | - |  | - |  |  | -
Outstanding at December 31, | 50,495 |  |  | - |  | 38,891 |  |  | - |  | 34,850 |  |  | -
The Company acquired 3,104, 2,587 and 5,008 common shares at a cost of $0.8 million, $0.7 million and $1.1 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, from employees who chose to pay required withholding taxes on performance shares units settlements by withholding shares.

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