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Fair Value
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Fair Value [Abstract]  
Fair Value

5. FAIR VALUE

 

GAAP guidance regarding fair value measurements addresses how companies should measure fair value when they are required to use fair value measures for recognition or disclosure purposes under GAAP and provides a common definition of fair value to be used throughout GAAP. It defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly fashion between market participants at the measurement date. In addition, it establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for the disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. The level in the hierarchy within which a given fair value measurement falls is determined based on the

lowest level input that is significant to the measurement, with Level 1 being the highest priority and Level 3 being the lowest priority.

 

The levels in the hierarchy are defined as follows:

 

Level 1:Inputs to the valuation methodology are observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market;

 

Level 2:Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument;

 

Level 3:Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

 

The Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities are primarily managed by third party investment asset managers. The investment asset managers managing publicly traded securities obtain prices from nationally recognized pricing services. These services seek to utilize market data and observations in their evaluation process. They use pricing applications that vary by asset class and incorporate available market information and when fixed maturity securities do not trade on a daily basis the services will apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. In addition, they use model processes, such as the Option Adjusted Spread model to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios for securities that have prepayment features.

 

The investment asset managers do not make any changes to prices received from either the pricing services or the investment brokers. In addition, the investment asset managers have procedures in place to review the reasonableness of the prices from the service providers and may request verification of the prices. The Company also continually performs quantitative and qualitative analysis of prices, including but not limited to initial and ongoing review of pricing methodologies, review of prices obtained from pricing services and third party investment asset managers, review of pricing statistics and trends, and comparison of prices for certain securities with a secondary price source for reasonableness. No material variances were noted during these price validation procedures. In limited situations, where financial markets are inactive or illiquid, the Company may use its own assumptions about future cash flows and risk-adjusted discount rates to determine fair value. At March 31, 2022, $2.1 billion of fixed maturities, market value were fair valued using unobservable inputs. The majority of these fixed maturities were valued by investment managers’ valuation committees and many of these fair values were substantiated by valuations from independent third parties. The Company has procedures in place to evaluate these independent third party valuations. At December 31, 2021, $2.1 billion of fixed maturities, market value were fair valued using unobservable inputs.

 

The Company internally manages a public equity portfolio which had a fair value at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 of $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company began to internally manage a portfolio of collateralized loan obligations included in asset-backed securities which had a fair value of $2.1 billion and $2.0 billion at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. All prices for these securities were obtained from publicly published sources or nationally recognized pricing vendors.

 

Equity securities denominated in U.S. currency with quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are categorized as Level 1 since the quoted prices are directly observable. Equity securities traded on foreign exchanges are categorized as Level 2 due to the added input of a foreign exchange conversion rate to determine fair or market value. The Company uses foreign currency exchange rates published by nationally recognized sources.

 

Fixed maturity securities listed in the tables have been categorized as Level 2, since a particular security may not have traded but the pricing services are able to use valuation models with observable market inputs such as

interest rate yield curves and prices for similar fixed maturity securities in terms of issuer, maturity and seniority. For foreign government securities and foreign corporate securities, the fair values provided by the third party pricing services in local currencies, and where applicable, are converted to U.S. dollars using currency exchange rates from nationally recognized sources.

 

In addition to the valuations from investment managers, some of the fixed maturities with fair values categorized as Level 3 result when prices are not available from the nationally recognized pricing services and are derived using unobservable inputs. The Company will value the securities with unobservable inputs using comparable market information or receive fair values from investment managers. The investment managers may obtain non-binding price quotes for the securities from brokers. The single broker quotes are provided by market makers or broker-dealers who are recognized as market participants in the markets in which they are providing the quotes. The prices received from brokers are reviewed for reasonableness by the third party asset managers and the Company. If the broker quotes are for foreign denominated securities, the quotes are converted to U.S. dollars using currency exchange rates from nationally recognized sources.

 

The composition and valuation inputs for the presented fixed maturities categories Level 1 and Level 2 are as follows:

 

• U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations are primarily comprised of U.S. Treasury bonds and the fair value is based on observable market inputs such as quoted prices, reported trades, quoted prices for similar issuances or benchmark yields;

 

•Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions are comprised of state and municipal bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities, benchmark yields and credit spreads;

 

• Corporate securities are primarily comprised of U.S. corporate and public utility bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities, benchmark yields and credit spreads;

 

• Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities fair values are based on observable inputs such as quoted prices, reported trades, quoted prices for similar issuances or benchmark yields and cash flow models using observable inputs such as prepayment speeds, collateral performance and default spreads;

 

• Foreign government securities are comprised of global non-U.S. sovereign bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities and models with observable inputs such as benchmark yields and credit spreads and then, where applicable, converted to U.S. dollars using an exchange rate from a nationally recognized source;

 

• Foreign corporate securities are comprised of global non-U.S. corporate bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities and models with observable inputs such as benchmark yields and credit spreads and then, where applicable, converted to U.S. dollars using an exchange rate from a nationally recognized source.

 

The following tables present the fair value measurement levels for all assets and liabilities, which the Company has recorded at fair value (fair and market value) as of the periods indicated:

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurement Using:

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted Prices

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

in Active

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Markets for

 

Other

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

Identical

 

Observable

 

Unobservable

 

 

 

 

 

Assets

 

Inputs

 

Inputs

(Dollars in thousands)

 

March 31, 2022

 

(Level 1)

 

(Level 2)

 

(Level 3)

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed maturities, market value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government agencies and corporations

 

$

1,355,806

 

$

-

 

$

1,355,806

 

$

-

Obligations of U.S. States and political subdivisions

 

 

559,188

 

 

-

 

 

559,188

 

 

-

Corporate securities

 

 

7,291,050

 

 

-

 

 

6,576,394

 

 

714,656

Asset-backed securities

 

 

3,997,891

 

 

-

 

 

2,609,200

 

 

1,388,691

Mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial

 

 

991,871

 

 

-

 

 

985,981

 

 

5,890

Agency residential

 

 

2,283,497

 

 

-

 

 

2,283,497

 

 

-

Non-agency residential

 

 

5,645

 

 

-

 

 

5,645

 

 

-

Foreign government securities

 

 

1,362,382

 

 

-

 

 

1,362,382

 

 

-

Foreign corporate securities

 

 

4,151,085

 

 

-

 

 

4,135,159

 

 

15,926

Total fixed maturities, market value

 

 

21,998,415

 

 

-

 

 

19,873,252

 

 

2,125,163

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity securities, fair value

 

 

1,780,526

 

 

1,698,324

 

 

82,202

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurement Using:

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted Prices

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

in Active

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Markets for

 

Other

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

Identical

 

Observable

 

Unobservable

 

 

 

 

 

Assets

 

Inputs

 

Inputs

(Dollars in thousands)

 

December 31, 2021

 

(Level 1)

 

(Level 2)

 

(Level 3)

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed maturities, market value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government agencies and corporations

 

$

1,420,618

 

$

-

 

$

1,420,618

 

$

-

Obligations of U.S. States and political subdivisions

 

 

586,621

 

 

-

 

 

586,621

 

 

-

Corporate securities

 

 

7,556,898

 

 

-

 

 

6,756,324

 

 

800,574

Asset-backed securities

 

 

3,581,729

 

 

-

 

 

2,330,448

 

 

1,251,281

Mortgage-backed securities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial

 

 

1,064,366

 

 

-

 

 

1,064,366

 

 

-

Agency residential

 

 

2,375,332

 

 

-

 

 

2,375,332

 

 

-

Non-agency residential

 

 

6,536

 

 

-

 

 

6,536

 

 

-

Foreign government securities

 

 

1,437,512

 

 

-

 

 

1,437,512

 

 

-

Foreign corporate securities

 

 

4,278,660

 

 

-

 

 

4,262,645

 

 

16,015

Total fixed maturities, market value

 

 

22,308,272

 

 

-

 

 

20,240,402

 

 

2,067,870

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity securities, fair value

 

 

1,825,908

 

 

1,742,367

 

 

83,541

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In addition, $299.6 million and $286.6 million of investments within other invested assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, are not included within the fair value hierarchy tables as the assets are measured at NAV as a practical expedient to determine fair value.

 

The following table presents the activity under Level 3, fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs for fixed maturities, for the periods indicated:

 

 

 

Total Fixed Maturities, Market Value

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

 

 

Corporate

 

Asset-Backed

 

 

 

 

Foreign

 

 

 

 

Corporate

 

Asset-Backed

 

Foreign

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Securities

 

Securities

 

CMBS

 

Corporate

 

Total

 

Securities

 

Securities

 

Corporate

 

Total

Beginning balance fixed maturities at market value

 

$

800,574

 

$

1,251,281

 

$

-

 

$

16,015

 

$

2,067,870

 

$

701,492

 

$

623,033

 

$

5,699

 

$

1,330,224

Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Included in earnings

 

 

15,943

 

 

102

 

 

-

 

 

13

 

 

16,058

 

 

(1,789)

 

 

(4,168)

 

 

3

 

 

(5,954)

Included in other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

(4,167)

 

 

(28,788)

 

 

(23)

 

 

(61)

 

 

(33,039)

 

 

2,836

 

 

(3,135)

 

 

49

 

 

(250)

Purchases, issuances and settlements

 

 

(97,694)

 

 

166,096

 

 

5,913

 

 

(41)

 

 

74,274

 

 

2,003

 

 

169,630

 

 

(153)

 

 

171,480

Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

Ending balance

 

$

714,656

 

$

1,388,691

 

$

5,890

 

$

15,926

 

$

2,125,163

 

$

704,542

 

$

785,360

 

$

5,599

 

$

1,495,500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The amount of total gains or losses for the period

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

included in earnings (or changes in net assets)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attributable to the change in unrealized gains

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

or losses relating to assets still held

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

at the reporting date

 

$

318

 

$

-

 

$

-

 

$

-

 

$

318

 

$

-

 

$

-

 

$

-

 

$

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)