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INVESTMENTS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
INVESTMENTS INVESTMENTS
The tables below present the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, gross unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) (“URA(D)”) and fair value of fixed maturity securities - available for sale for the periods indicated:
At December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
Allowance for
Credit Losses
Unrealized
Appreciation
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair
Value
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government agencies and corporations$688 $— $$(24)$669 
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions75 — — (5)70 
Corporate securities7,288 (35)57 (299)7,010 
Asset-backed securities5,994 — 28 (39)5,982 
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial965 — (66)900 
Agency residential5,205 — 13 (287)4,931 
Non-agency residential1,291 — (11)1,289 
Foreign government securities2,330 — 13 (147)2,196 
Foreign corporate securities6,099 — 42 (279)5,861 
Total fixed maturity securities - available for sale$29,934 $(36)$167 $(1,157)$28,908 
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
At December 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
Allowance for
Credit Losses
Unrealized
Appreciation
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair
Value
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government agencies and corporations$1,045 $— $$(52)$996 
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions138 — (11)128 
Corporate securities7,587 (47)135 (322)7,353 
Asset-backed securities5,644 — 25 (51)5,618 
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial1,091 — (92)1,000 
Agency residential4,869 — 55 (229)4,695 
Non-agency residential431 — 14 (2)443 
Foreign government securities2,042 — 33 (108)1,967 
Foreign corporate securities5,720 (1)92 (271)5,540 
Total fixed maturity securities - available for sale$28,568 $(48)$358 $(1,137)$27,740 
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
The following tables show amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, gross URA(D) and fair value of fixed maturity securities - held to maturity for the periods indicated:
At December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
Allowance for
Credit Losses
Unrealized
Appreciation
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair
Value
Fixed maturity securities - held to maturity
Corporate securities$177 $(2)$$(4)$175 
Asset-backed securities484 (4)(8)477 
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial21 — — — 21 
Foreign corporate securities84 (1)— 86 
Total fixed maturity securities - held to maturity$765 $(8)$14 $(12)$759 
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
At December 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
Allowance for
Credit Losses
Unrealized
Appreciation
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair
Value
Fixed maturity securities - held to maturity
Corporate securities$150 $(2)$$(3)$146 
Asset-backed securities609 (5)(10)597 
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial21 — — — 21 
Foreign corporate securities84 (1)— 90 
Total fixed maturity securities - held to maturity$864 $(8)$12 $(13)$854 
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities - available for sale are shown in the following table by contractual maturity. As the stated maturity of such securities may not be indicative of actual maturities, the totals for mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are shown separately.
At December 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale
Due in one year or less$1,116 $1,080 $1,289 $1,261 
Due after one year through five years8,774 8,480 7,094 6,858 
Due after five years through ten years4,764 4,523 5,613 5,405 
Due after ten years1,826 1,723 2,537 2,460 
Asset-backed securities5,994 5,982 5,644 5,618 
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial965 900 1,091 1,000 
Agency residential5,205 4,931 4,869 4,695 
Non-agency residential1,291 1,289 431 443 
Total fixed maturity securities -available for sale$29,934 $28,908 $28,568 $27,740 
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities - held to maturity are shown in the following table by contractual maturity. As the stated maturity of such securities may not be indicative of actual maturities, the totals for mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are shown separately.
At December 31, 2024At December 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Fixed maturity securities - held to maturity
Due in one year or less$$$$
Due after one year through five years67 67 59 58 
Due after five years through ten years37 35 43 42 
Due after ten years150 152 127 131 
Asset-backed securities484 477 609 597 
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial21 21 21 21 
Total fixed maturity securities - held to maturity$765 $759 $864 $854 
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
During 2022, the Company re-designated a portion of its fixed maturity securities from its fixed maturity - available for sale portfolio to its fixed maturity - held to maturity portfolio. The fair value of the securities reclassified at the date of transfer was $722 million, net of allowance for current expected credit losses, which was subsequently recognized as the new amortized cost basis. As of December 31, 2024, $34 million of unrealized loss from the date of the re-designation remained in accumulated other comprehensive income on the balance sheet and will be amortized into income through an adjustment to the yields of the underlying securities over the remaining life of the securities. The fair values of these securities incorporate the use of significant unobservable inputs and therefore are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
The changes in net URA(D) for the Company’s investments are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in millions)20242023
Increase (decrease) during the period between the fair value and cost
of investments carried at fair value, and deferred taxes thereon:
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale and short-term investments$(203)$1,129 
Equity method investments18 — 
Change in URA(D), pre-tax(185)1,129 
Deferred tax benefit (expense)76 (142)
Change in URA(D), net of deferred taxes, included in shareholders’ equity$(109)$986 
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
The tables below display the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized depreciation of fixed maturity securities - available for sale by security type and contractual maturity, in each case subdivided according to length of time that the individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated:
Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2024 by Security Type
Less than 12 monthsGreater than 12 monthsTotal
(Dollars in millions)Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government agencies and corporations$80 $(1)$398 $(23)$478 $(24)
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions— 40 (5)48 (5)
Corporate securities2,744 (76)2,132 (221)4,876 (297)
Asset-backed securities958 (20)537 (19)1,495 (39)
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial53 (3)757 (63)810 (66)
Agency residential2,754 (115)1,226 (172)3,980 (287)
Non-agency residential654 (11)25 — 678 (11)
Foreign government securities851 (35)828 (112)1,679 (147)
Foreign corporate securities2,484 (61)1,785 (218)4,269 (279)
Total$10,587 $(323)$7,728 $(833)$18,315 $(1,156)
Securities where an allowance for credit loss was recorded17 (1)— — 17 (1)
Total fixed maturity securities - available for sale$10,604 $(324)$7,728 $(833)$18,332 $(1,157)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2024 by Maturity
Less than 12 monthsGreater than 12 monthsTotal
(Dollars in millions)Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale
Due in one year or less$138 $(5)$544 $(34)$682 $(39)
Due in one year through five years3,503 (87)2,770 (249)6,273 (335)
Due in five years through ten years1,850 (50)1,382 (220)3,232 (271)
Due after ten years677 (32)487 (76)1,164 (107)
Asset-backed securities958 (20)537 (19)1,495 (39)
Mortgage-backed securities3,461 (129)2,008 (235)5,469 (364)
Total$10,587 $(323)$7,728 $(833)$18,315 $(1,156)
Securities where an allowance for credit loss was recorded17 (1)— — 17 (1)
Total fixed maturity securities - available for sale$10,604 $(324)$7,728 $(833)$18,332 $(1,157)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
The aggregate fair value and gross unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities - available for sale in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024 were $18.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. The fair value of securities
for the single issuer (the U.S. government) whose securities comprised the largest unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024, amounted to less than 1.6% of the overall fair value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities - available for sale. The fair value of the securities for the issuer with the second largest unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024 comprised less than 0.9% of the Company’s fixed maturity securities - available for sale. In addition, as indicated on the above table, there was no significant concentration of unrealized losses in any one market sector. The $324 million of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities - available for sale that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than one year were generally comprised of domestic and foreign corporate securities, asset-backed securities, agency residential mortgage-backed securities and foreign government securities. Of these unrealized losses, $319 million were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. The $833 million of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities - available for sale in an unrealized loss position for more than one year related primarily to domestic and foreign corporate securities, agency residential mortgage-backed securities and foreign government securities. Of these unrealized losses, $810 million were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. In all instances, there were no projected cash flow shortfalls to recover the full book value of the investments and the related interest obligations. The mortgage-backed securities still have excess credit coverage and are current on interest and principal payments. Based upon the Company’s current evaluation of securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2024, the unrealized losses are due to changes in interest rates and non-issuer-specific credit spreads and are not credit-related. In addition, the contractual terms of these securities do not permit these securities to be settled at a price less than their amortized cost.
The tables below display the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized depreciation of fixed maturity securities - available for sale by security type and contractual maturity, in each case subdivided according to length of time that the individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated:
Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2023 by Security Type
Less than 12 monthsGreater than 12 monthsTotal
(Dollars in millions)Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government agencies and corporations$122 $(3)$772 $(49)$893 $(52)
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions— 74 (11)77 (11)
Corporate securities1,019 (58)2,780 (263)3,799 (321)
Asset-backed securities196 (2)2,014 (49)2,210 (51)
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial181 (19)742 (73)923 (92)
Agency residential423 (4)2,126 (225)2,549 (229)
Non-agency residential126 (1)— 130 — 
Foreign government securities172 (7)985 (101)1,156 (108)
Foreign corporate securities324 (6)2,726 (265)3,050 (271)
Total$2,564 $(101)$12,222 $(1,035)$14,787 $(1,136)
Securities where an allowance for credit loss was recorded(1)— — (1)
Total fixed maturity securities - available for sale$2,566 $(102)$12,222 $(1,035)$14,789 $(1,137)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2023 by Maturity
Less than 12 monthsGreater than 12 monthsTotal
(Dollars in millions)Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fair ValueGross
Unrealized
Depreciation
Fixed maturity securities - available for sale
Due in one year or less$184 $(3)$773 $(30)$958 $(33)
Due in one year through five years699 (18)3,841 (271)4,540 (289)
Due in five years through ten years328 (15)2,306 (310)2,633 (325)
Due after ten years429 (39)417 (77)845 (116)
Asset-backed securities196 (2)2,014 (49)2,210 (51)
Mortgage-backed securities729 (24)2,872 (298)3,601 (323)
Total$2,564 $(101)$12,222 $(1,035)$14,787 $(1,136)
Securities where an allowance for credit loss was recorded(1)— — (1)
Total fixed maturity securities - available for sale$2,566 $(102)$12,222 $(1,035)$14,789 $(1,137)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
The aggregate fair value and gross unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities - available for sale in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 were $14.8 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively. The fair value of securities for the single issuer (the U.S. government) whose securities comprised the largest unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023, amounted to less than 3.0% of the overall fair value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities - available for sale. The fair value of the securities for the issuer with the second largest unrealized loss comprised less than 0.7% of the Company’s fixed maturity securities - available for sale. In addition, as indicated on the above table, there was no significant concentration of unrealized losses in any one market sector. The $102 million of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities - available for sale that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than one year were generally comprised of domestic and foreign corporate securities, asset-backed securities, agency residential mortgage-backed securities and foreign government securities. Of these unrealized losses, $86 million were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. The $1.0 billion of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities - available for sale in an unrealized loss position for more than one year related primarily to domestic and foreign corporate securities, agency residential mortgage-backed securities and foreign government securities. Of these unrealized losses, $1.0 billion were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. In all instances, there were no projected cash flow shortfalls to recover the full book value of the investments and the related interest obligations. The mortgage-backed securities still have excess credit coverage and are current on interest and principal payments.
The components of net investment income are presented in the table below for the periods indicated:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in millions)202420232022
Fixed maturities$1,481 $1,153 $742 
Equity securities16 
Short-term investments and cash195 140 28 
Other invested assets
Limited partnerships206 122 75 
Other104 59 29 
Gross investment income before adjustments1,989 1,477 890 
Funds held interest income (expense)26 10 
Future policy benefit reserve income (expense)(1)(1)— 
Gross investment income2,013 1,486 892 
Investment expenses59 53 62 
Net investment income$1,954 $1,434 $830 
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
The Company records results from limited partnership investments on the equity method of accounting with changes in value reported through net investment income. The net investment income from limited partnerships is dependent upon the Company’s share of the net asset values (“NAV”) of interests underlying each limited partnership. Due to the timing of receiving financial information from these partnerships, the results are generally reported on a one month or quarter
lag. If the Company determines there has been a significant decline in value of a limited partnership during this lag period, a loss will be recorded in the period in which the Company identifies the decline.
The Company had contractual commitments to invest up to an additional $3.3 billion in limited partnerships and private placement loan securities at December 31, 2024. These commitments will be funded when called in accordance with the partnership and loan agreements, which have investment periods that expire, unless extended, through 2034.
In 2022, the Company entered into COLI policies, which are invested in private debt and private equity securities. The COLI policies are carried within other invested assets at the policy cash surrender value of $1.7 billion and $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Variable Interest Entities
The Company is engaged with various special purpose entities and other entities that are deemed to be VIEs primarily as an investor through normal investment activities but also as an investment manager. A VIE is an entity that either has investors that lack certain essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest, such as simple majority kick-out rights, or lacks sufficient funds to finance its own activities without financial support provided by other entities. The Company performs ongoing qualitative assessments of its VIEs to determine whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in the VIE and therefore is the primary beneficiary. The Company is deemed to have a controlling financial interest when it has both the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Based on the Company’s assessment, if it determines it is the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not hold any securities for which it is the primary beneficiary.
The Company, through normal investment activities, makes passive investments in general and limited partnerships and other alternative investments. For these non-consolidated VIEs, the Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary as it has no ability to direct activities that could significantly affect the economic performance of the investments. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is limited to the total carrying value of $5.4 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, which are included in general and limited partnerships, COLI policies and other alternative investments in other invested assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Exposure relating specifically to general and limited partnerships as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is limited to the total carrying value of $3.6 billion and $3.4 billion.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has outstanding commitments totaling $2.0 billion whereby the Company is committed to fund these investments and may be called by the partnership during the commitment period to fund the purchase of new investments and partnership expenses. These investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in management.
In addition, the Company makes passive investments in structured securities issued by VIEs for which the Company is not the manager. These investments are included in asset-backed securities, which includes collateralized loan obligations and are classified as fixed maturities - available for sale. The Company has not provided financial or other support with respect to these investments other than its original investment. For these investments, the Company determined it is not the primary beneficiary due to the relative size of the Company’s investment in comparison to the principal amount of the structured securities issued by the VIEs, the level of credit subordination which reduces the Company’s obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits or the Company’s inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these investments is limited to the amount of the Company’s investment.
The components of net gains (losses) on investments are presented in the table below for the periods indicated:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in millions)202420232022
Fixed maturity securities
Allowance for credit losses$13 $$(33)
Net realized gains (losses) from dispositions(292)(87)
Equity securities, fair value
Net realized gains (losses) from dispositions112 
Gains (losses) from fair value adjustments(1)— (460)
Other invested assets(1)— 13 
Short-term investments gain (loss)— — 
Total net gains (losses) on investments$19 $(276)$(455)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
The following tables provide a roll forward of the Company’s beginning and ending balance of allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated:
Roll Forward of Allowance for Credit Losses - Fixed Maturities - Available for Sale
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024
Corporate
Securities
Foreign
Corporate
Securities
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Beginning balance$(47)$(1)$(48)
Credit losses on securities where credit losses were not previously recorded(9)— (9)
Increases in allowance on previously impaired securities— — — 
Decreases in allowance on previously impaired securities— — — 
Reduction in allowance due to disposals20 21 
Balance, end of period$(35)$— $(36)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
Roll Forward of Allowance for Credit Losses - Fixed Maturities - Available for Sale
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023
Corporate
Securities
Foreign
Corporate
Securities
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Beginning balance$(45)$(10)$(54)
Credit losses on securities where credit losses were not previously recorded(23)— (24)
Increases in allowance on previously impaired securities(1)— (1)
Decreases in allowance on previously impaired securities— — — 
Reduction in allowance due to disposals22 30 
Balance, end of period$(47)$(1)$(48)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
Roll Forward of Allowance for Credit Losses - Fixed Maturities - Held to Maturity
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024
Corporate
Securities
Asset-Backed
Securities
Foreign
Corporate
Securities
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Beginning balance$(2)$(5)$(1)$(8)
Credit losses on securities where credit losses were not previously recorded— — (1)(1)
Increases in allowance on previously impaired securities— — — — 
Decreases in allowance on previously impaired securities— — — — 
Reduction in allowance due to disposals— — 
Balance, end of period$(2)$(4)$(1)$(8)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
Roll Forward of Allowance for Credit Losses - Fixed Maturities - Held to Maturity
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023
Corporate
Securities
Asset-Backed
Securities
Foreign
Corporate
Securities
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Beginning balance$(2)$(6)$(1)$(9)
Credit losses on securities where credit losses were not previously recorded— — — — 
Increases in allowance on previously impaired securities— — — — 
Decreases in allowance on previously impaired securities
Reduction in allowance due to disposals— — 
Balance, end of period$(2)$(5)$(1)$(8)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)
The proceeds and split between gross gains and losses, from sales of fixed maturity securities - available for sale and equity securities, are presented in the table below for the periods indicated:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in millions)202420232022
Proceeds from sales of fixed maturity securities - available for sale$6,257 $3,849 $1,403 
Gross gains from sales166 35 40 
Gross losses from sales(160)(327)(127)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities$37 $126 $2,217 
Gross gains from sales165 
Gross losses from sales(1)— (53)
Securities with a carrying value amount of $1.4 billion at December 31, 2024 were on deposit with or regulated by various state or governmental insurance departments in compliance with insurance laws. See Note 10 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements.