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Derivatives and Hedging Activity (UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P.)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Entity Information [Line Items]  
DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITY
DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITY
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and through the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s investments and borrowings.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up front premium.
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt and forecasted issuances of fixed-rate debt. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized a loss of less than $0.1 million reclassified from Accumulated OCI to Interest expense due to the de-designation of a cash flow hedge and recorded no other ineffectiveness to earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded a gain of less than $0.1 million of ineffectiveness in earnings attributable to a timing difference between the derivative and the hedged item.
Amounts reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets relate to deferred gains/(losses) on designated derivatives that will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s hedged debt. Through December 31, 2016, the Company estimates that an additional $3.0 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense.
As of December 31, 2015, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands):
Product
 
Number of Instruments
 
Notional
Interest rate swaps
 
5
 
$
315,000

Interest rate caps
 
2
 
$
203,166

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements of GAAP or the Company has elected to not apply hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings and resulted in a loss of less than $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and a gain of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.
As of December 31, 2015, the Company had the following outstanding derivatives that were not designated as hedges in qualifying hedging relationships (dollars in thousands):
Product
 
Number of Instruments
 
Notional
Interest rate caps
 
3
 
$
133,107


Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):
 
Asset Derivatives
(included in Other assets)
 
Liability Derivatives
(included in Other liabilities)
 
Fair Value at:
 
Fair Value at:
 
December 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
December 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate products
$
9

 
$
86

 
$
2,112

 
$
10,368

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate products
$
4

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
—


Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations
The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 (dollars in thousands):
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
 
Unrealized holding gain/(loss) Recognized in OCI
(Effective Portion)
 
Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into
Interest expense 
(Effective Portion)
 
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Interest expense 
(Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Year ended December 31,
Year ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Interest rate products
 
$
(6,393
)
 
$
(8,695
)
 
$
(469
)
 
$
(2,251
)
 
$
(4,834
)
 
$
(6,851
)
 
$
(11
)
 
$
3

 
$
—



 
 
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in
Interest income and other income/(expense), net
 
Year ended December 31,
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Interest rate products
 
$
(23
)
 
$
(4
)
 
271


Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
The Company has agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where (1) if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations; or (2) the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the Company’s default on the indebtedness.
Certain of the Company’s agreements with its derivative counterparties contain provisions where, if there is a change in the Company’s financial condition that materially changes the Company’s creditworthiness in an adverse manner, the Company may be required to fully collateralize its obligations under the derivative instrument. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, no cash collateral was posted or required to be posted by the Company or by a counterparty.
The Company also has an agreement with a derivative counterparty that incorporates the loan and financial covenant provisions of the Company’s indebtedness with a lender affiliate of the derivative counterparty. Failure to comply with these covenant provisions would result in the Company being in default on any derivative instrument obligations covered by the agreement.
The Company has certain agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where, in the event of default by the Company or the counterparty, the right of setoff may be exercised. Any amount payable to one party by the other party may be reduced by its setoff against any amounts payable by the other party. Events that give rise to default by either party may include, but are not limited to, the failure to pay or deliver payment under the derivative contract, the failure to comply with or perform under the derivative agreement, bankruptcy, a merger without assumption of the derivative agreement, or in a merger, a surviving entity's creditworthiness is materially weaker than the original party to the derivative agreement.
As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $2.2 million. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at December 31, 2015, it would have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $2.2 million.
Tabular Disclosure of Offsetting Derivatives

The Company has elected not to offset derivative positions in the consolidated financial statements. The tables below present the effect on its financial position had the Company made the election to offset its derivative positions as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands):
Offsetting of Derivative Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a)
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amount
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Received
 
December 31, 2015
 
$
13

 
$
—

 
$
13

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
$
88

 
$
—

 
$
88

 
$
(27
)
 
$
—

 
$
61



(a) Amounts reconcile to the aggregate fair value of derivative assets in the “Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets” located in this footnote.
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a)
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amount
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Posted
 
December 31, 2015
 
$
2,112

 
$
—

 
$
2,112

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,112

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
$
10,368

 
$
—

 
$
10,368

 
$
(27
)
 
$
—

 
$
10,341



(a) Amounts reconcile to the aggregate fair value of derivative liabilities in the “Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets” located in this footnote.
United Dominion Reality L.P.  
Entity Information [Line Items]  
DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITY
DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITY
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Operating Partnership is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The General Partner principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The General Partner manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and through the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the General Partner enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The General Partner’s and the Operating Partnership’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the General Partner’s known or expected cash payments principally related to the General Partner’s borrowings.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The General Partner’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the General Partner primarily uses interest rate swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the General Partner making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up front premium.
A portion of the General Partner’s interest rate derivatives have been allocated to the Operating Partnership based on the General Partner’s underlying debt instruments allocated to the Operating Partnership. (See Note 6, Secured Debt, Net.)
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt and forecasted issuances of fixed-rate debt. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Operating Partnership recognized a loss of less than $0.1 million reclassified from Accumulated OCI to Interest expense due to the de-designation of a cash flow hedge and recorded no other ineffectiveness to earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2014, and 2013, the Operating Partnership recorded less than $0.1 million of ineffectiveness in earnings attributable to reset date and index mismatches between the derivative and the hedged item.
Amounts reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to deferred gains/(losses) on designated derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the General Partner’s hedged debt that is allocated to the Operating Partnership. During the next twelve months through December 31, 2016, we estimate that less than $0.1 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense.
As of December 31, 2015, the Operating Partnership had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands):
Product
 
Number of Instruments
 
Notional
Interest rate caps
 
1
 
$
96,327

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Operating Partnership’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements of GAAP or the General Partner has elected to not apply hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings and resulted in losses of less than $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013.
As of December 31, 2015, we had the following outstanding derivatives that were not designated as hedges in qualifying hedging relationships (dollars in thousands):
Product
 
Number of Instruments
 
Notional
Interest rate caps
 
3
 
$
98,932


Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
The table below presents the fair value of the Operating Partnership’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):
 
Asset Derivatives
(included in Other assets)
 
Liability Derivatives
(Included in Other liabilities)
 
Fair Value at:
 
Fair Value at:
 
December 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
December 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate products
$
4

 
$
37

 
$
—

 
$
918

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate products
$
4

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
—



Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations
The tables below present the effect of the derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 (dollars in thousands):

Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
 
Unrealized holding gain/(loss) Recognized in OCI
(Effective Portion)
 
Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into
Interest expense 
(Effective Portion)
 
Gain/(Loss) Recognized
in Interest expense (ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Interest rate products
 
$
(82
)
 
$
(285
)
 
$(348)
 
$
(1,044
)
 
$
(2,275
)
 
$
(3,431
)
 
$
(11
)
 
$
—

 
$
—



Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
 
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in
Interest income and other income/(expense), net
Year ended December 31,
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Interest rate products
 
$
(23
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
(9
)

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
The General Partner has agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where (1) if the General Partner defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the General Partner could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations; or (2) the General Partner could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the General Partner’s default on the indebtedness.
Certain of the General Partner’s agreements with its derivative counterparties contain provisions where if there is a change in the General Partner’s financial condition that materially changes the General Partner’s creditworthiness in an adverse manner, the General Partner may be required to fully collateralize its obligations under the derivative instrument. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, no cash collateral was posted or required to be posted by the General Partner or by a counterparty.
The General Partner also has an agreement with a derivative counterparty that incorporates the loan and financial covenant provisions of the General Partner’s indebtedness with a lender affiliate of the derivative counterparty. Failure to comply with these covenant provisions would result in the General Partner being in default on any derivative instrument obligations covered by the agreement.
As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position that were allocated to the Operating Partnership, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $0.0.

The General Partner has elected not to offset derivative positions in the consolidated financial statements. The table below presents the effect on the Operating Partnership's financial position had the General Partner made the election to offset its derivative positions as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
Offsetting of Derivative Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a)
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amount
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Received
 
December 31, 2015
 
$
8

 
$
—

 
$
8

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
$
39

 
$
—

 
$
39

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
39


(a) Amounts reconcile to the aggregate fair value of derivative assets in the “Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets” located in this footnote.
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (b)
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amount
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Posted
 
December 31, 2015
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
$
918

 
$
—

 
$
918

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
918


(b) Amounts reconcile to the aggregate fair value of derivative liabilities in the “Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets” located in this footnote.