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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS |
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS | 10. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS In May 2001, the stockholders of UDR approved the long term incentive plan (“LTIP”), which supersedes the 1985 Stock Option Plan. The LTIP authorizes the granting of awards which may take the form of options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, dividend equivalents, other stock-based awards, and any other right or interest relating to common stock or cash incentive awards to Company directors, employees and outside trustees to promote the success of the Company by linking individual’s compensation via grants of share based payment. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the LTIP was amended to set forth the terms of new classes of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership designated as LTIP Units. LTIP Units are designed to qualify as “profits interests” in the Operating Partnership for federal income tax purposes, meaning that initially they are not economically equivalent in value to a share of our common stock, but over time can increase in value to one-for-one parity with common stock by operation of special tax rules applicable to profits interests. Until and unless such parity is reached, the value that an executive will realize for a given number of vested LTIP units is less than the value of an equal number of shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, 19.0 million shares were reserved on an unadjusted basis for issuance upon the grant or exercise of awards under the LTIP. As of December 31, 2019, there were 6.3 million common shares available for issuance under the LTIP. The LTIP contains change of control provisions allowing for the immediate vesting of an award upon certain events such as a merger where UDR is not the surviving entity. Upon the death or disability of an award recipient all outstanding instruments will vest and all restrictions will lapse. The LTIP specifies that in the event of a capital transaction, which includes but is not limited to stock dividends, stock splits, extraordinary cash dividends and spin-offs, the number of shares available for grant in totality or to a single individual is to be adjusted proportionately. The LTIP specifies that when a capital transaction occurs that would dilute the holder of the stock award, prior grants are to be adjusted such that the recipient is no worse as a result of the capital transaction. A summary of UDR’s LTIP Units and restricted stock activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 is as follows (shares in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | LTIP Units | ​ | Restricted Stock
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Weighted
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average Fair
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average Fair | ​ | ​ | ​ | Value Per
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | Value Per | ​ | Number | ​ | Restricted
​ | ​ | LTIP Units | ​ | LTIP Unit | ​ | of shares | ​ | Stock
Balance, December 31, 2018 |  | 611 | ​ | $ | 37.00 |  | 307 | ​ | $ | 36.58
Granted |  | 674 | ​ |  | 39.74 |  | 124 | ​ |  | 38.35
Vested |  | (427) | ​ |  | 39.33 |  | (176) | ​ |  | 36.61
Forfeited |  | — | ​ |  | 37.69 |  | (7) | ​ |  | 37.73
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  | 858 | ​ | $ | 37.77 |  | 248 | ​ | $ | 37.29
​ As of December 31, 2019, the Company had granted 6.3 million shares of restricted stock and 2.9 million LTIP Units under the LTIP. Stock Option Plan The Company has no unexercised stock options outstanding and no remaining compensation expense related to unvested stock options as of December 31, 2019. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, we did not recognize any net compensation expense related to outstanding stock options. Restricted Stock Awards Restricted stock awards are granted to Company employees, officers, and directors. The restricted stock awards are valued based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recorded under the straight-line method over the vesting period, which is generally three to four years. Restricted stock awards earn dividends payable in cash. Some of the restricted stock grants are based on the Company’s performance and are subject to adjustment during the initial one year performance period. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, we recognized $4.8 million, $4.3 million, and $4.0 million of compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to the amortization of restricted stock awards, respectively. The total remaining compensation cost on unvested restricted stock awards was $3.9 million and had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 1.6 years as of December 31, 2019. Short-Term Incentive Compensation In January 2019, certain officers of the Company were awarded a STI Unit grant under the 2019 Long-Term Incentive Program (“2019 LTI”). The STI Unit awards represent short-term incentive compensation for the officers and were valued for compensation expense purposes based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, or $33.40 per unit, inclusive of a discount due to uncertainty associated with the STI Unit reaching parity with the value of a share of UDR common stock. Compensation expense is recorded under the straight-line method over the vesting period, which is one year. The STI Unit awards are primarily based on the Company’s performance and are subject to adjustment based on performance against predefined metrics during the one-year performance period. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $7.2 million of compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to the amortization of STI Unit awards. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, no expense was recognized for STI Unit awards. As the STI Unit awards vest over a one-year period, there was no remaining unrecognized compensation expense as of December 31, 2019. Long-Term Incentive Compensation In January 2019, certain officers of the Company were awarded either a restricted stock grant or an LTIP Unit grant, or a combination of both, under the 2019 LTI. For both restricted stock grants and LTIP Unit grants, thirty percent of the 2019 LTI award is based upon FFO as Adjusted over a one-year period and will vest fifty percent on the one-year anniversary and fifty percent on the two-year anniversary. Fifteen percent of the 2019 LTI award is based upon relative FFO as Adjusted over a three-year period and will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance period. The remaining fifty-five percent of the 2019 LTI award is based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) as measured relative to comparable apartment REITs over a three-year period and as measured relative to the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index over a three-year period whereby both will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance periods. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant or $38.39 per share. Because LTIP Units are granted at the maximum potential payout and there is uncertainty associated with an LTIP Unit reaching parity with the value of a share of UDR common stock, the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the one-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $17.47 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 9% discount, and the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the three-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $18.24 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 5% discount. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $43.63 per share for the comparable apartment REITs component and $43.42 per share for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 21.0%. The portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $20.89 per unit, inclusive of a 5% discount, for the comparable apartment REITs component and $20.79 per unit, inclusive of a 5% discount, for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 21.0%. In January 2018, certain officers of the Company were awarded either a restricted stock grant or an LTIP Unit grant, or a combination of both, under the 2018 Long-Term Incentive Program (“2018 LTI”). For both restricted stock grants and LTIP Unit grants, thirty percent of the 2018 LTI award is based upon FFO as Adjusted over a one-year period and will vest fifty percent on the one-year anniversary and fifty percent on the two-year anniversary. Fifteen percent of the 2018 LTI award is based upon relative FFO as Adjusted over a three-year period and will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance period. The remaining fifty-five percent of the 2018 LTI award is based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) as measured relative to comparable apartment REITs over a three-year period and as measured relative to the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index over a three-year period whereby both will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance periods. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant or $38.06 per share. Because LTIP Units are granted at the maximum potential payout and there is uncertainty associated with an LTIP Unit reaching parity with the value of a share of UDR common stock, the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the one-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $17.13 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 10% discount, and the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the three-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $18.08 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 5% discount. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $42.18 per share for the comparable apartment REITs component and $40.49 per share for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 17.0%. The portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $20.12 per unit, inclusive of a 5% discount, for the comparable apartment REITs component and $19.35 per unit, inclusive of a 5% discount, for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 17.0%. In January 2017, certain officers of the Company were awarded either a restricted stock grant or an LTIP Unit grant, or a combination of both, under the 2017 Long-Term Incentive Program (“2017 LTI”). For both restricted stock grants and LTIP Unit grants, thirty percent of the 2017 LTI award is based upon FFO as Adjusted over a one-year period and will vest fifty percent on the one-year anniversary and fifty percent on the two-year anniversary. Ten percent of the 2017 LTI award is based upon FFO as Adjusted over a three-year period and will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance period. The remaining sixty percent of the 2017 LTI award is based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) as measured relative to comparable apartment REITs over a three-year period and on an absolute basis over a three-year period whereby both will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance periods. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant or $35.95 per share. Because LTIP Units are granted at the maximum potential payout and there is uncertainty associated with an LTIP Unit reaching parity with the value of a share of UDR common stock, the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the one-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $16.18 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 10% discount, and the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the three-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $16.63 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 7.5% discount. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $44.26 per share for the relative component and $31.40 per share for the absolute component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 23.0%. The portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $20.54 per unit, inclusive of a 7.5% discount, for the relative component and $14.71 per unit, inclusive of a 7.5% discount, for the absolute component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 23.0%. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, we recognized $12.4 million, $9.9 million and $8.9 million, respectively, of compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to the amortization of the awards. The total remaining compensation cost on unvested LTI awards was $9.8 million and had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 1.4 years as of December 31, 2019. Profit Sharing Plan Our profit sharing plan (the “Plan”) is a defined contribution plan covering all eligible full-time employees. Under the Plan, UDR makes discretionary profit sharing and matching contributions to the Plan as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Aggregate provisions for contributions, both matching and discretionary, which are included in UDR’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, was $1.2 million, $1.3 million, and $1.3 million, respectively.

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