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PENSION
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
PENSION PENSION
The Company sponsors both funded and unfunded foreign defined benefit pension plans that cover a portion of the Company's employees, and the largest plans are closed to new participants and frozen for accrual of future service. The Company assumed the pension plans as part of the Chubb Acquisition on January 3, 2022.
Guidance under FASB ASC Topic 715, Compensation – Retirement Benefits, requires balance sheet recognition of the overfunded or underfunded status of pension and postretirement benefit plans. Under this guidance, actuarial gains and losses, prior service costs or credits, and any remaining transition assets or obligations that have not been recognized under previous accounting standards must be recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. Pension and post-retirement obligation balances and related costs reflected within the consolidated balance sheets include costs directly attributable to plans dedicated to the Company.
During 2023, an annuity purchase transaction, commonly known as a “buy-in”, was executed for the two pension plans in the United Kingdom. Under the terms of the insurance contracts, which were issued by a third-party insurance company with no affiliation to the Company, all pension obligations will be funded by the insurer’s annuity payments, but the plans still retain full legal responsibility to pay the benefits to plan participants using the insurance payments. As the plans maintain full legal responsibility, with the insurance contracts being assets of the plans, settlement accounting has not been applied. Given the funded status of the plans, the Company does not expect any future contributions to be required.
December 31,
20232022
Projected benefit obligation ("PBO") funded status
Fair value of plan assets$1,650 1,617 
Benefit obligations(1,588)(1,262)
Funded status of plans$62 $355 
December 31,
20232022
Change in benefit obligation
Beginning balance$1,262 $— 
Acquisition — 2,041 
Service cost4 7 
Interest cost62 32 
Plan participants' contributions1 1 
Actuarial loss (gain)284 (531)
Benefits paid(89)(92)
Settlements(4)(13)
Currency impact68 (183)
Ending balance$1,588 $1,262 
Change in plan assets
Beginning balance$1,617 $— 
Acquisition— 2,615 
Employer contributions4 34 
Plan participants' contributions1 1 
Benefits paid(89)(92)
Actual return on assets40 (687)
Settlements(4)(13)
Currency impact81 (241)
Ending balance$1,650 $1,617 
Supplemental consolidated balance sheets information related to pension is as follows:
December 31,
20232022
Pension and post-retirement assets$111 $392 
Other accrued liabilities(1)(1)
Other noncurrent liabilities(48)(36)
Net amount recognized$62 $355 
Information for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
December 31,
20232022
PBO$64 $54 
Accumulated benefit obligation53 44 
Fair value of plan assets15 18 
Information for pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
December 31,
20232022
PBO$69 $60 
Accumulated benefit obligation58 49 
Fair value of plan assets20 23 
The components of the net periodic pension benefit for the defined benefit pension plans are as follows:
December 31,
20232022
Service cost$4 $7 
Interest cost62 32 
Expected return on plan assets(79)(74)
Amortization of net loss 4 — 
Cost of Settlement 1 — 
Net periodic pension benefit$(8)$(35)
Major assumptions used in determining the benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost for pension plans are presented in the following table as weighted averages:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
Benefit Obligation Net Periodic
Benefit Cost 		Benefit ObligationNet Periodic
Benefit Cost
Discount rates:
PBO4.0 %4.9 %4.9 %1.9 %
Interest cost— %5.0 %— %1.7 %
Service cost— %4.6 %— %2.2 %
Salary scale3.1 %3.0 %3.0 %2.9 %
Expected return on plan assets— %4.9 %— %3.1 %
The discount rate assumptions are developed using a bond yield curve constructed from a population of high-quality, non-callable, corporate bond issues with maturities ranging from six months to nineteen years. A discount rate is estimated for, and is based on, the durations of the underlying plans.
The expected long-term rate of return used for the Company’s pension plans is determined in each local jurisdiction and is based on the assets held in that jurisdiction, the expected rate of returns for the type of assets held and any guaranteed rate of return provided by the investment. The other assumptions used to measure the pension obligations, including discount rate, vary by country based on specific local requirements and information.
Non-U.S. pension plan assets are typically managed by decentralized fiduciary committees. The disclosure below of asset categories is presented in aggregate for 12 defined benefit plans in 7 countries; however, there is variation in asset allocation policy from country to country. Local regulations, local funding rules, and local financial and tax considerations are part of the funding and investment allocation process in each country. Each plan has its own strategic asset allocation. The asset allocations are reviewed periodically and rebalanced when necessary. The Company has no significant concentration of risk in the assets of its pension plans, other than the insurance contract assets, which are held with a single insurance company and subject to the insurance company’s ability to meet its payment obligations under the contracts.
The allocation of the pension plan assets are presented in the following table as weighted averages:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
Target Asset Allocation Percentage Percentage of Plan Assets Target Asset Allocation PercentagePercentage of Plan Assets
Equity securities3.8 %3.7 %3.8 %3.8 %
Debt securities4.4 %4.5 %82.2 %76.1 %
Real estate0.6 %0.6 %0.6 %0.8 %
Other 1
91.2 %91.2 %13.4 %19.3 %
Total100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %
(1)Other includes insurance contracts.
The fair values of the pension plan assets by asset category are as follows:
Asset CategoryQuoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
Level 1		Significant
Observable
Inputs
Level 2		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 3
Not
Subject to
Leveling 1
Total
Equities:
Global equity funds$— $79 $— $— $79 
Insurance contracts— — 1,383 — 1,383 
Fixed income securities:
Governments— 93 — — 93 
Corporate bonds— 4 — — 4 
Global fixed income at net asset value— 63 — — 63 
Real Estate— 1 — — 1 
Other 2
— — — 8 8 
Cash & cash equivalents 3
19 — — — 19 
Subtotal$19 $240 $1,383 $8 $1,650 
Other assets & liabilities 4
— 
Total at December 31, 2023$1,650 
Asset CategoryQuoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
Level 1		Significant
Observable
Inputs
Level 2		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 3
Not
Subject to
Leveling 1
Total
Equities:
Global equity funds$— $326 $— $12 $338 
Fixed income securities:
Governments— 762 — — 762 
Corporate bonds— 415 — — 415 
Global fixed income at net asset value— 50 — — 50 
Real estate 5
— 11 — — 11 
Other 2
— 1 — 4 5 
Cash & cash equivalents 3
16 20 — — 36 
Subtotal$16 $1,585 $— $16 $1,617 
Other assets & liabilities 4
— 
Total at December 31, 2022$1,617 
(1)In accordance with ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), certain investments that are measured at fair value using net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented for the total pension assets.
(2)Represents various contracts and global risk balanced commingled funds consisting mainly of equity, bonds, and some commodities.
(3)Represents short-term commercial paper, bonds, and other cash or cash-like investments.
(4)Represents trust receivables and payables that are not leveled.
(5)Represents investments in real estate, including commingled funds and directly held properties.
The insurance contracts were initially valued by taking the initial purchase price for the buy-in contract and using this to assess an assumed pricing basis. This pricing basis is then adjusted over time to reflect broad changes in insurers’ pricing methodologies under different prevailing market conditions, using third party actuarial guidance as to typical insurer pricing based on similar transactions.
The table below presents a reconciliation of the fair value of the Company’s pension assets that use significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Year Ended December 31,
2023
Balance at the beginning of the year$— 
Purchase of insurance contracts 1,422 
Return on assets(27)
Payments from insurance policy(12)
Balance at the end of the year$1,383 
Derivatives in the plan are primarily used to manage risk and gain asset class exposure while still maintaining liquidity. Derivative instruments mainly consist of equity futures, interest rate futures, interest rate swaps, and currency forward contracts.
The plans review assets at least quarterly to ensure they are within the targeted asset allocation ranges and, if necessary, asset balances are adjusted back within target allocations. The plans generally employ a broadly diversified investment manager structure that includes diversification by active and passive management, style, capitalization, country, sector, industry, and number of investment managers.
Quoted market prices are used to value investments when available. Investments in securities traded on exchanges, including listed futures and options, are valued at the last reported sale prices on the last business day of the year or, if not available, the last reported bid prices. Fixed income securities are primarily measured using a market approach pricing methodology, where observable prices are obtained by market transactions involving identical or comparable securities of issuers with similar credit ratings.
Over-the-counter securities and government obligations are valued at the bid prices or the average of the bid and ask prices on the last business day of the year from published sources or, if not available, from other sources considered reliable, generally broker quotes. Temporary cash investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.
The Company made total contributions of approximately $4 to the global defined benefit pension plans in 2023. Contributions do not reflect benefits to be paid directly from corporate assets. The Company estimates contributions to be made to its pension plans will approximate $7 in 2024.
Benefit payments, including amounts to be paid from the plans and corporate assets, and reflecting expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid as follows: $98 in 2024, $98 in 2025, $98 in 2026, $102 in 2027, $105 in 2028, and $508 from 2029 through 2032.