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Business Segments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Business Segments 4.
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We manage and report our operations as four business segments:
The three geographic regions of RES including:
(1) Americas,
(2) Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"), and
(3) Asia Pacific;
and
(4) LaSalle, which offers investment management services on a global basis.
Each geographic region offers our full range of real estate services, including agency leasing and tenant representation, capital markets, property and facility management, project and development management, energy management and sustainability, construction management, and advisory, consulting and valuation services. LaSalle provides investment management services to institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals.
Operating income represents total revenue less direct and allocated indirect expenses. We allocate all indirect expenses to our segments, other than interest and income taxes, as nearly all expenses incurred benefit one or more of the segments. Allocated expenses primarily consist of corporate global overhead, which we allocate to the business segments based on the budgeted operating expenses of each segment.
For segment reporting, (a) gross contract costs and (b) net non-cash mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") and mortgage banking derivative activity are both excluded from revenue in determining "fee revenue". Gross contract costs are excluded from operating expenses in determining "fee-based operating expenses." Excluding these costs from revenue and expenses results in a net presentation which we believe more accurately reflects how we manage our expense base, operating margins, and performance. Refer to Results of Operations, included in Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, for a full description of gross contract costs. In addition, our measure of segment results excludes Restructuring and acquisition charges.
The Chief Operating Decision Maker of JLL measures and evaluates the segment results excluding (a) gross contract costs, (b) net non-cash MSR and mortgage banking derivative activity, and (c) Restructuring and acquisition charges. As of March 31, 2019, we define the Chief Operating Decision Maker collectively as our Global Executive Board, which comprises the following:
• Global Chief Executive Officer
• Chief Executive Officers of each of our four business segments
• Global Chief Financial Officer
• Global Chief Executive Officer of Corporate Solutions
• Global Chief Administrative Officer
• Global Chief Executive Officer of Capital Markets
Summarized financial information by business segment is as follows.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)
2019
2018
Americas - Real Estate Services
 
 
Leasing
$
389.8

304.5

Capital Markets
100.1

111.0

Property & Facility Management
1,362.0

1,183.5

Project & Development Services
308.7

269.6

Advisory, Consulting and Other
89.5

72.4

Revenue
2,250.1

1,941.0

Reimbursements
(1,351.4
)
(1,181.7
)
Revenue before reimbursements
898.7

759.3

Gross contract costs
(187.7
)
(133.1
)
Net non-cash MSR and mortgage banking derivative activity
0.1

(2.7
)
Fee revenue
711.1

623.5

Operating expenses, excluding reimbursed expenses:


 
Compensation, operating and administrative expenses
810.8

688.7

Depreciation and amortization
27.3

24.3

Segment operating expenses, excluding reimbursed expenses
838.1

713.0

Gross contract costs
(187.7
)
(133.1
)
Fee-based segment operating expenses
650.4

579.9

Segment operating income
$
60.6

46.3

Equity (loss) earnings
(0.3
)
0.1

Segment income
$
60.3

46.4

 
 
 
EMEA - Real Estate Services
 
 
Leasing
$
52.2

58.9

Capital Markets
64.0

89.3

Property & Facility Management
369.3

350.3

Project & Development Services
180.5

222.6

Advisory, Consulting and Other
57.4

62.5

Revenue
723.4

783.6

Reimbursements
(164.6
)
(156.0
)
Revenue before reimbursements
558.8

627.6

Gross contract costs
(242.7
)
(277.2
)
Fee revenue
316.1

350.4

Operating expenses, excluding reimbursed expenses:
 
 
Compensation, operating and administrative expenses
576.9

636.2

Depreciation and amortization
11.3

11.4

Segment operating expenses, excluding reimbursed expenses
588.2

647.6

Gross contract costs
(242.7
)
(277.2
)
Fee-based segment operating expenses
345.5

370.4

Segment operating loss
$
(29.4
)
(20.0
)
Equity earnings
0.1


Segment loss
$
(29.3
)
(20.0
)
Continued: Summarized financial information by business segment is as follows.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)
2019
2018
Asia Pacific - Real Estate Services
 
 
Leasing
$
35.9

37.8

Capital Markets
29.4

32.4

Property & Facility Management
537.8

519.8

Project & Development Services
110.9

87.0

Advisory, Consulting and Other
34.7

34.3

Revenue
748.7

711.3

Reimbursements
(341.1
)
(321.6
)
Revenue before reimbursements
407.6

389.7

Gross contract costs
(209.4
)
(195.3
)
Fee revenue
198.2

194.4

Operating expenses, excluding reimbursed expenses:
 
 
Compensation, operating and administrative expenses
400.5

385.0

Depreciation and amortization
6.4

5.6

Segment operating expenses, excluding reimbursed expenses
406.9

390.6

Gross contract costs
(209.4
)
(195.3
)
Fee-based segment operating expenses
197.5

195.3

Segment operating income (loss)
$
0.7

(0.9
)
Equity earnings
0.3

0.3

Segment income (loss)
$
1.0

(0.6
)
 
 
 
LaSalle
 
 
Advisory fees
$
77.6

69.9

Transaction fees & other
13.2

16.7

Incentive fees
7.6

32.7

Revenue
98.4

119.3

Reimbursements
(1.9
)
(4.8
)
Revenue before reimbursements
96.5

114.5

Gross contract costs
(2.8
)
(1.3
)
Fee revenue
93.7

113.2

Operating expenses, excluding reimbursed expenses:
 
 
Compensation, operating and administrative expenses
82.9

84.6

Depreciation and amortization
1.5

0.8

Segment operating expenses, excluding reimbursed expenses
84.4

85.4

Gross contract costs
(2.8
)
(1.3
)
Fee-based segment operating expenses
81.6

84.1

Segment operating income
$
12.1

29.1

Equity earnings
4.9

13.2

Segment income
$
17.0

42.3


 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)
2019
2018
Segment Reconciling Items
 
 
Fee revenue
$
1,319.1

1,281.5

Gross contract costs
642.6

606.9

Net non-cash MSR and mortgage banking derivative activity
(0.1
)
2.7

Revenue before reimbursements
1,961.6

1,891.1

Reimbursements
1,859.0

1,664.1

Revenue
$
3,820.6

3,555.2

Total segment operating expenses, excluding reimbursed expenses & before restructuring and acquisition charges
$
1,917.6

1,836.6

Reimbursed expenses
1,859.0

1,664.1

Total segment operating expenses before restructuring and acquisition charges
$
3,776.6

3,500.7

Operating income before restructuring and acquisition charges
$
44.0

54.5

Restructuring and acquisition charges
18.6

0.7

Operating income
$
25.4

53.8