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New Accounting Standards New Accounting Standards (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
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Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Text Block] | 2. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Recently adopted accounting guidance In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326), which created a new framework to evaluate financial instruments, such as trade receivables, for expected credit losses. This new framework replaced the existing incurred loss approach and is expected to result in more timely recognition of credit losses. On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU No. 2016-13 using a modified-retrospective approach, as required by the ASU. The adoption impacted our methodology of reserving for (i) Trade receivables, (ii) other receivable-related financial assets, specifically contract assets, and (iii) off-balance sheet credit exposures within the scope of this ASU. Specifically, we evaluated our historical reserve balances for Trade receivables and the related write-off activity and developed a forward-looking process for adoption. We also evaluated our loss-sharing guarantee obligation for certain mortgage loans we originate, sell and retain the servicing rights. The following sections discuss our updated reserve methodologies. Trade Receivables We estimate an allowance to provide for uncollectible accounts receivable, which is applied upon recognition of the receivable. We base this estimate on historical experience combined with a review of the receivable aging, current and expected economic conditions, and client credit quality. The estimate also includes specifically identified amounts for which payment has become unlikely. As trade receivables are due within one year, changes to economic conditions are not expected to have a significant impact on our estimate of expected credit losses. However, we will monitor economic conditions on a quarterly basis to determine if any adjustments are deemed necessary. Notes and Other Receivables and Long-Term Receivables We make ongoing assessments of the collectability of outstanding Notes and other receivables and Long-term receivables, considering both objective and subjective factors such as the aging profile of outstanding balances, the contractual terms of repayment, and credit quality. Aspects of credit quality considered in our assessments of collectability include historical experience, current and expected economic conditions, and our broader business relationship with the obligor. We record an allowance against the outstanding balance when our assessments determine payment has become unlikely. After all collection efforts have been exhausted by management, the outstanding balance is written off against the reserve. Historically, credit quality deterioration to the point of impairment or non-performance in our Notes and other receivables and Long-term receivables has been limited and has not had a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Reimbursable Receivables We record an allowance based on specific identification of an uncollectible reimbursable receivable, considering current and future economic conditions as well as client credit quality. Historically, we have not experienced any material collection issues and, as such, have not applied a formulaic reserve to these receivables. Contract Assets Contract assets include amounts recognized as revenue for which we are not yet entitled to payment for reasons other than the passage of time, but that do not constrain revenue recognition. Historically, we have not recognized a provision for contract assets. Under ASC Topic 326, we include Contract assets in our reserving process and assess the risk of loss similar to our methodology for Trade receivables, since Contract assets are reclassified to Trade receivables when we become entitled to payment. Accordingly, a reserve is applied upon recognition of the contract asset. Financial Guarantees Certain loans we originate and sell under the Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) program retain a percentage of the risk of loss. This loss-sharing aspect of the program represents an off-balance sheet credit exposure, and we have established a contingent reserve ("loan loss guarantee reserve") for this risk in accordance with ASC Topic 326. To estimate the reserve, we use a model that analyzes historical losses, current and expected economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The model also considers specific details of the underlying property used as collateral, such as occupancy and financial performance. The loan loss guarantee reserve is calculated on an individual loan level. As of September 30, 2020, the loan loss guarantee reserve was $45.7 million and was included within Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This balance reflected a notable increase from our opening balance (reflected in the table below) as a result of incorporating, into our model, economic conditions and projections related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The loss-sharing guarantee obligation (in accordance with ASC Topic 460, Guarantees) represents the non-contingent obligation incurred as a result of issuing a loss-sharing guarantee as part of our participation in the DUS program and is separate from the loan loss guarantee reserve discussed above. See Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, for further information on the DUS program and the loss-sharing guarantee obligation. The following table details the cumulative impact to retained earnings upon adoption of ASC Topic 326.
| Published | Adjustment due to |  | As Reported Under
| December 31, 2019 | adoption of |  | ASC Topic 326 on January 1, 2020
(in millions) | (audited) | ASC Topic 326 |  | (unaudited)
Assets |  |  |  |
Allowance for trade receivables | $ | (68.1 | ) | (3.6 | ) |  | $ | (71.7 | )
Deferred tax assets, net | 245.4 |  | 5.5 |  |  | 250.9 |
Allowance for contract assets (1) | — |  | (1.7 | ) |  | (1.7 | )
Liabilities and equity |  |  |  |
Loan loss guarantee reserve (2) | $ | — |  | 15.1 |  |  | $ | 15.1 |
Retained earnings | 3,588.3 |  | (14.9 | ) |  | 3,573.4 |
1 The portion of the allowance for long-term contract assets is included within Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. 2 Included within Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

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- Definition The entire disclosure for change in accounting principle. 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