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Restructuring and Acquisition Charges
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Acquisition Charges
14.    RESTRUCTURING AND ACQUISITION CHARGES
Restructuring and acquisition charges include cash and non-cash expenses. Cash-based charges primarily consist of (1) severance and employment-related charges, including those related to external service providers, incurred in conjunction with a structural business shift, which can be represented by a notable change in headcount, change in leadership, or transformation of business processes, (2) acquisition, transaction and integration-related charges, and (3) other restructuring including lease exit charges. Non-cash charges include (1) stock-based compensation expense for retention awards issued in conjunction with the HFF, Inc. ("HFF") acquisition and (2) fair value adjustments to earn-out liabilities relating to prior-period acquisition activity. Restructuring and acquisition charges are presented in table below.
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)202120202019
Severance and other employment-related charges$14.3 69.0 31.1 
Restructuring, pre-acquisition and post-acquisition charges50.0 51.5 96.9 
Stock-based compensation expense for HFF retention awards17.8 36.7 28.0 
Fair value adjustments to earn-out liabilities2.6 (14.8)28.4 
Restructuring and acquisition charges$84.7 142.4 184.4 
Portion of total restructuring & acquisition charges related to the acquisition and integration of HFF$40.0 75.9 115.1 
Charges associated with the acquisition and integration of HFF primarily included transaction/deal costs, expenses associated with retention and severance, and other integration expenses, such as early lease termination costs.
The following tables show the accrual activity and payments relating to cash-based Restructuring and acquisition charges.
(in millions)Severance & Employment-RelatedLease
Exit		Other Restructuring and
Acquisition
Costs		Total
December 31, 2018$14.0 0.6 0.5 $15.1 
Accruals31.1 11.1 85.8 128.0 
Payments made(20.8)(3.3)(82.5)(106.6)
December 31, 201924.3 8.4 3.8 36.5 
Accruals69.0 25.0 26.5 120.5 
Payments made(52.0)(30.9)(29.1)(112.0)
December 31, 202041.3 2.5 1.2 45.0 
Accruals14.3 11.6 38.4 64.3 
Payments made(34.7)(13.2)(31.6)(79.5)
December 31, 2021$20.9 0.9 8.0 $29.8 
We expect the majority of accrued severance and employment-related charges and other accrued acquisition costs as of December 31, 2021 will be paid during the next twelve months. Lease exit payments depend on the terms of various leases, which extend as far out as 2026.