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Restructuring and Acquisition Charges
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]  
Restructuring and Related Activities Disclosure [Text Block] RESTRUCTURING AND ACQUISITION CHARGES
Restructuring and acquisition charges include cash and non-cash expenses. Cash-based charges primarily consist of (i) severance and employment-related charges, including those related to external service providers, incurred in conjunction with a structural business shift, which can be represented by a notable change in headcount, change in leadership, or transformation of business processes, (ii) acquisition, transaction and integration-related charges and (iii) other restructuring including lease exit charges. Non-cash charges include (i) stock-based compensation expense for retention awards issued in conjunction with prior-period acquisitions and (ii) fair value adjustments to earn-out liabilities relating to prior-period acquisition activity. Restructuring and acquisition charges are presented in the table below.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)2023202220232022
Severance and other employment-related charges$16.4 9.4 $47.9 21.0 
Restructuring, pre-acquisition and post-acquisition charges15.5 11.4 28.8 39.5 
Stock-based compensation expense for post-acquisition retention awards(1)
(0.4)0.3 2.9 5.7 
Fair value adjustments to earn-out liabilities0.1 (0.1)(0.5)0.2 
Restructuring and acquisition charges$31.6 21.0 $79.1 66.4 
(1) Includes the impact of shares forfeited during the third quarter.
We expect nearly all expenses related to (i) severance and other employment-related charges and (ii) restructuring, pre-acquisition and post-acquisition charges as of September 30, 2023 will be paid during the next twelve months.