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Stockholders' Equity (Tables) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Summary of Stock Option Award Activity | The following table summarizes the stock option award activity under the Stock Plans during the three months ended March 31, 2019:
|  | Class A Number of Shares |  |  | Class B Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1) |
|  | (in thousands, except per share data) |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 13,322 |  |  |  | 2,969 |  |  | $ | 7.83 |  |  |  | 6.41 |  |  | $ | 34,567 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Exercised |  |  | (1,260 | ) |  |  | (651 | ) |  | $ | 2.93 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Forfeited |  |  | (969 | ) |  |  | (29 | ) |  | $ | 13.58 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Outstanding at March 31, 2019 |  |  | 11,093 |  |  |  | 2,289 |  |  | $ | 8.10 |  |  |  | 5.98 |  |  | $ | 61,054 |
(1) | The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing market price of our Class A common stock as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
Summary of Total Stock-based Compensation Expense | Total stock-based compensation expense by function was as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
| (in thousands) |
Cost of revenue | $ | 1,849 |  |  | $ | 276 |
Research and development |  | 112,242 |  |  |  | 77,815 |
Sales and marketing |  | 17,760 |  |  |  | 16,185 |
General and administrative |  | 30,705 |  |  |  | 38,982 |
Total | $ | 162,556 |  |  | $ | 133,258 |
Restricted Stock Units |
Summary of RSU and RSA Award Activity | Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes the RSU activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019:
|  | Class A Outstanding RSUs |  |  | Class B Outstanding RSUs |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value per RSU |
|  | (in thousands, except per share data) |
Unvested at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 149,638 |  |  |  | 492 |  |  | $ | 13.34 |
Granted |  |  | 50,941 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 8.50 |
Vested |  |  | (14,343 | ) |  |  | (382 | ) |  | $ | 13.93 |
Forfeited |  |  | (11,496 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  | $ | 13.32 |
Unvested at March 31, 2019 |  |  | 174,740 |  |  |  | 109 |  |  | $ | 11.89 |
Restricted Stock Awards |
Summary of RSU and RSA Award Activity | The following table summarizes the RSA activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019:
|  |  |  | Class A Outstanding RSAs |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value per RSA |
|  |  |  | (in thousands, except per share data) |
Unvested at December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  | 8,134 |  |  | $ | 7.51 |
Granted |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Vested |  |  |  |  | (546 | ) |  | $ | 8.44 |
Forfeited |  |  |  |  | (1,115 | ) |  | $ | 5.58 |
Unvested at March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  | 6,473 |  |  | $ | 7.77 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure for stock option plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109197908&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109197908&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109197908&loc=d3e5070-113901 + Details
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