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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

11. Income Taxes

Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets as it is more likely than not that some or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. Income tax benefit was $1.0 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to a tax expense of $1.1 million and $1.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

In June 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit overturned the 2015 U.S. Tax Court decision in Altera Corp. v. Commissioner, thereby upholding the portion of the Treasury regulations issued under Section 482 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“the Code”) requiring related-party participants in a cost sharing arrangement to share stock-based compensation costs. In June 2020, the Supreme Court of the United States denied the taxpayer’s petition to review the Ninth Circuit’s decision. As a result, we recorded a cumulative adjustment to our intercompany cost sharing transactions from prior years, which resulted in an immaterial reduction to our deferred tax assets that were reported in our Annual Report, caused by the differences in tax rates in the impacted jurisdictions. This reduction in our deferred tax assets resulted in an offsetting reduction to our valuation allowance. As a result, there was no material impact on our income tax expense, net unrecognized tax benefits, or consolidated financial statements.