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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Earnings before income tax expense consist of (in thousands):
202120202019
Domestic$370,903 $289,708 $294,402 
Foreign137,562 84,943 111,475 
Total$508,465 $374,651 $405,877 

Income tax expense consists of (in thousands):
202120202019
Current
Federal$77,703 $11,509 $39,015 
State and local7,493 3,217 3,347 
Foreign29,975 18,722 26,270 
Current income tax expense115,171 33,448 68,632 
Deferred
Domestic(42,413)12,856 (151)
Foreign(4,159)(2,109)(6,457)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)(46,572)10,747 (6,608)
Total$68,599 $44,195 $62,024 

Income taxes paid were $111.8 million in 2021, $44.0 million in 2020 and $67.1 million in 2019.

A reconciliation between the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate follows:
202120202019
Statutory tax rate21 %21 %21 %
Tax effect of international operations(1)(2)(1)
State taxes, net of federal effect1 1 1 
U.S. general business tax credits(1)(1)(1)
Loss on sale of business— 2 — 
Stock compensation excess tax benefit(2)(6)(3)
Global Intangible Low-taxed Income (GILTI)
— — 1 
Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII) (5)(3)(3)
Effective tax rate13 %12 %15 %
Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets (liabilities) resulting from these differences were as follows (in thousands):
20212020
Inventory valuations$1,181 $586 
Accrued self-insurance retentions1,534 1,164 
Accrued warranty and service liabilities2,285 2,062 
Vacation accruals3,261 3,249 
Customer allowances 4,028 3,650 
Excess of tax over book depreciation and amortization(39,785)(49,377)
Pension benefit obligation16,022 30,942 
Postretirement medical benefit obligation5,028 4,808 
Acquisition costs— 389 
Stock compensation11,442 11,743 
Deferred compensation2,595 2,075 
Net operating loss carryforward— 440 
Deferred revenue2,427 1,792 
Prepayments from foreign subsidiaries32,969 — 
Other2,138 2,041 
Net deferred tax assets$45,125 $15,564 

Total deferred tax assets were $55.8 million and $67.0 million, and total deferred tax liabilities were $10.7 million and $51.4 million on December 31, 2021 and December 25, 2020, respectively. The difference between the deferred income tax provision and the change in net deferred income taxes is due to the changes in other comprehensive income (loss) items and acquisition purchase accounting.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.

The Company continues to assert that it will indefinitely reinvest earnings of foreign subsidiaries to support expansion of its international business. No additional income or withholding taxes have been provided for any remaining undistributed foreign earnings, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. As of December 31, 2021, the amount of cash held outside the U.S. was not significant to the Company’s liquidity and was available to fund investments abroad.

The Company records penalties and accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Total reserves for uncertain tax positions were not material.