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Retirement Benefits
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 29, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Retirement Benefits Retirement Benefits
The Company has a defined contribution plan, under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which provides retirement benefits to most U.S. employees. For all employees who choose to participate, the Company matches employee contributions at a 100 percent rate, up to 3 percent of the employee’s compensation. For employees not covered by a defined benefit plan, the Company contributed an amount equal to 2 percent of the employee’s compensation. Employer contributions totaled $11.5 million in 2023, $11.0 million in 2022 and $10.0 million in 2021.

The Company’s postretirement medical plan provides certain medical benefits for retired U.S. employees. Employees hired before January 1, 2005, are eligible for these benefits upon retirement and fulfillment of other eligibility requirements as specified by the plan.

The Company has both funded and unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plans that together cover most U.S. employees hired before January 1, 2006, certain directors and some of the employees of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries.

In December of 2023, the Company entered into an agreement under which approximately $147 million of pension obligations of its U.S. funded defined benefit pension plan were transferred to an insurance company. Under the agreement, the Company purchased a group annuity contract for approximately 651 plan participants that provides for an irrevocable commitment to make annuity payments to the affected participants. The payment obligation and administration thereof for the affected participants was transferred from the pension plans to the insurance company. The transfer did not change the amount of the monthly pension benefits received by the affected participants.

This arrangement is part of the Company’s effort to reduce the overall size and volatility of its pension plan obligations. The purchase of the group annuity contract was funded through existing plan assets. The Company recognized a non-cash pension settlement loss of approximately $42 million as a result of the transaction. This charge represents the acceleration of deferred charges currently accrued in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

For U.S. plans, benefits are based on years of service and the highest 5 consecutive years’ earnings in the 10 years preceding retirement. Plans are funded annually in amounts consistent with minimum funding levels and maximum tax deduction limits, although the Company may make additional voluntary contributions from time to time to improve the funded status of its plans.
Investment policies and strategies of the U.S. funded pension plan are based on participant demographics. As the plan covers active participants and retirees with higher benefit amounts, investments are based on a long-term view of economic growth and weighted toward equity securities. The primary goal of the plan’s investments is to ensure that the plan’s liabilities are met over time. In developing strategic asset allocation guidelines, an emphasis is placed on the long-term characteristics of individual asset classes, and the benefits of diversification among multiple asset classes. The plan invests primarily in domestic and international equities, fixed income securities, which include treasuries, highly-rated corporate bonds and high-yield bonds and real estate. Strategic target allocations for plan assets are 52 percent equity securities, 32 percent fixed income securities and 16 percent real estate and alternative investments.

Plan assets are held in a trust for the benefit of plan participants and are invested in various commingled funds, most of which are sponsored by the trustee. The fair values for commingled equity, fixed-income and real estate investments are measured using net asset values, which take into consideration the value of underlying fund investments, as well as the other accrued assets and liabilities of a fund, in order to determine a per share market value. Certain trustee-sponsored funds allow redemptions monthly or quarterly, with 10 days or 60 days advance notice, while most of the funds allow redemptions daily. The plan had unfunded commitments to make additional investments in certain funds totaling $2.3 million as of December 29, 2023 and December 30, 2022.

The Company maintains a defined contribution plan covering employees of a Swiss subsidiary, funded by Company and employee contributions. Responsibility for pension coverage under Swiss law has been transferred to a Swiss insurance company. Plan assets are invested in an insurance contract that guarantees a federally mandated annual rate of return. The value of the plan assets is effectively the value of the insurance contract. The performance of the underlying assets held by the insurance company has no direct impact on the surrender value of the insurance contract. The insurance backed assets have no active market and are classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Assets of all plans by category and fair value measurement level were as follows (in thousands):
LevelDecember 29, 2023December 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents1$1,425 $351 
Insurance contract336,151 32,163 
Investments categorized in fair value hierarchy37,576 32,514 
Equity
U.S. Large CapN/A40,726 74,838 
U.S. Small/Mid CapN/A— 5,191 
InternationalN/A17,554 37,862 
Total equity58,280 117,891 
Fixed incomeN/A49,595 93,262 
Real estate and otherN/A15,400 37,508 
Investments measured at net asset value123,275 248,661 
Total$160,851 $281,175 


The following table is a reconciliation of pension assets measured at fair value using level 3 inputs (in thousands):
20232022
Balance, beginning of year$32,163 $30,926 
Purchases2,593 2,431 
Redemptions(2,833)(669)
Unrealized gains (losses)4,228 (525)
Balance, end of year$36,151 $32,163 
The following provides a reconciliation of the changes in the plans’ benefit obligations and fair value of assets over the periods ending December 29, 2023, and December 30, 2022, and a statement of the funded status as of the same dates (in thousands):
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Medical Benefits
 2023202220232022
Change in benefit obligation
Obligation, beginning of year$315,807 $418,051 $22,930 $32,122 
Service cost5,729 8,242 348 516 
Interest cost16,535 10,996 1,165 839 
Actuarial (gain) loss 32,763 (110,467)(237)(9,044)
Benefit payments(12,103)(9,122)(1,552)(1,503)
Plan amendments(250)(267)— 
Settlements(149,212)— — — 
Exchange rate changes4,306 (1,626)— — 
Obligation, end of year$213,575 $315,807 $22,654 $22,930 
Change in plan assets
Fair value, beginning of year$281,175 $347,900 $— $— 
Actual return on assets14,504 (80,078)— — 
Employer contributions23,066 22,756 1,552 1,503 
Benefit payments(12,103)(9,122)(1,552)(1,503)
Settlements(149,212)— — — 
Exchange rate changes3,421 (281)— — 
Fair value, end of year$160,851 $281,175 $— $— 
Unfunded status$(52,724)$(34,632)$(22,654)$(22,930)
Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets$215 $5,398 $— $— 
Current liabilities1,749 1,860 1,745 1,763 
Non-current liabilities51,190 38,170 20,909 21,167 
Net$52,724 $34,632 $22,654 $22,930 

Changes in discount rates used to value pension obligations were the main drivers of actuarial losses in 2023 and gains in 2022. In 2023 and 2022, the Company made a $20 million voluntary contribution each year to one of its U.S. qualified defined benefit plans.

The accumulated benefit obligation as of year-end for all defined benefit pension plans was $186 million for 2023 and $297 million for 2022. Information for plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets follows (in thousands):
20232022
Projected benefit obligation$89,206 $72,190 
Accumulated benefit obligation81,701 69,395 
Fair value of plan assets36,150 32,164 
The components of net periodic benefit cost for the plans for 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Medical Benefits
 202320222021202320222021
Service cost-benefits earned during the period$5,729 $8,242 $9,355 $348 $516 $670 
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation16,535 10,996 11,409 1,165 839 832 
Expected return on assets(19,141)(19,754)(20,767)— — — 
Amortization of prior service cost36 84 246 — — — 
Amortization of net loss5,999 4,701 9,248 (133)345 1,002 
Settlement loss42,169 — 12,285 — — — 
Cost of pension plans which are not significant and have not adopted ASC 715368 284 368 N/AN/AN/A
Net periodic benefit cost$51,695 $4,553 $22,144 $1,380 $1,700 $2,504 

Net periodic benefit cost is disaggregated between service cost presented as operating expense and other components of pension cost presented as non-operating expense. Other components of pension cost and changes in cash surrender value of insurance contracts intended to fund certain non-qualified pension and deferred compensation arrangements included in non-operating expenses totaled $44 million in 2023, $1 million in 2022 and $12 million in 2021.

Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) in 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Medical Benefits
 2023202220232022
Net (loss) gain arising during the period$(37,132)$11,189 $237 $9,044 
Amortization of net loss (gain)5,999 4,701 (133)345 
Prior service credit (cost) arising during the period250 267 — — 
Settlement loss42,169 — — — 
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost36 84 — — 
Total$11,322 $16,241 $104 $9,389 

Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 29, 2023 and December 30, 2022, that had not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost, were as follows (in thousands):
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Medical Benefits
 2023202220232022
Prior service cost $2,163 $1,668 $— $— 
Net gain (loss)(44,195)(55,084)1,995 1,891 
Net gain (loss) before income taxes(42,032)(53,416)1,995 1,891 
Income taxes9,464 12,207 (439)(416)
Net$(32,568)$(41,209)$1,556 $1,475 
Assumptions used to determine the Company’s benefit obligations are shown below:
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Medical Benefits
Weighted average assumptions2023202220232022
U.S. Plans
Discount rate5.3 %5.6 %5.3 %5.6 %
Rate of compensation increase2.7 %2.7 %N/AN/A
Non-U.S. Plans
Discount rate2.1 %2.4 %N/AN/A
Rate of compensation increase1.7 %1.8 %N/AN/A

Assumptions used to determine the Company’s net periodic benefit cost are shown below:
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Medical Benefits
Weighted average assumptions            202320222021202320222021
U.S. Plans
Discount rate5.6 %3.0 %2.6 %5.6 %2.9 %2.6 %
Rate of compensation increase2.7 %2.7 %2.7 %N/AN/AN/A
Expected return on assets7.6 %6.3 %6.3 %N/AN/AN/A
Non-U.S. Plans
Discount rate0.4 %0.4 %0.4 %N/AN/AN/A
Rate of compensation increase1.3 %1.3 %1.3 %N/AN/AN/A
Expected return on assets1.6 %1.0 %1.0 %N/AN/AN/A

Several sources of information are considered in determining the expected rate of return assumption, including the allocation of plan assets, the input of actuaries and professional investment advisers, and historical long-term returns. In setting the return assumption, the Company recognizes that historical returns are not always indicative of future returns and also considers the long-term nature of its pension obligations.

The Company’s U.S. retirement medical plan limits the annual cost increase that will be paid by the Company to 3 percent. In measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (APBO), the annual trend rate for health care costs was assumed to be 8.2 percent for 2024, decreasing each year to a constant rate of 4.5 percent for 2038 and thereafter, subject to the plan’s annual increase limitation.

The Company expects to contribute $1.7 million to its unfunded pension plans and $1.7 million to the postretirement medical plan in 2024. The Company will not be required to make contributions to the funded pension plan under minimum funding requirements for 2024. Estimated future benefit payments are as follows (in thousands):
Pension
Benefits		Postretirement
Medical Benefits
2024$7,165 $1,745 
20256,455 1,717 
20269,455 1,689 
202711,380 1,697 
202811,270 1,670 
Years 2029-203367,316 7,974