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Organization and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Description of Business | Description of Business. Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., or Neurocrine Biosciences, the Company, we, our or us, was incorporated in California in 1992 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1996. Neurocrine Continental, Inc., is a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Neurocrine Biosciences. We also have two wholly owned Irish subsidiaries, Neurocrine Therapeutics, Ltd. and Neurocrine Europe, Ltd., both of which were formed in December 2014 and are inactive. We are a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing innovative and life-changing treatments for patients with serious, challenging and under-addressed neurological, endocrine and psychiatric disorders. We specialize in targeting and interrupting disease-causing mechanisms involving the interconnected pathways of the nervous and endocrine systems. Currently, we are primarily focused on the commercialization of INGREZZA® (valbenazine) in the United States, or US, our first US Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, approved product.
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the US, or GAAP, for interim financial information and with the instructions of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary, which are of a normal and recurring nature, for the fair presentation of our financial position and of the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Neurocrine Biosciences and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, or the 2019 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC. The results of operations for the interim period shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or the full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019, has been derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. There were no significant changes to our significant accounting policies as disclosed in the 2019 Form 10-K, except as set forth below.
Debt Securities | Debt Securities. Debt securities consist of investments in certificates of deposit, corporate debt securities, and securities of government-sponsored entities. We classify debt securities as available-for-sale. Debt securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax. We exclude accrued interest from both the fair value and amortized cost basis of debt securities. A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become 90 days delinquent. Interest accrued but not received for a debt security placed on nonaccrual status is reversed against interest income. Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount. Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized using the effective interest rate method. Gains and losses on sales of debt securities are recorded on the trade date in investment income and other, net, and determined using the specific identification method.
Allowance for Credit Losses | Allowance for Credit Losses. For debt securities available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through earnings. For debt securities available-for-sale that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes in interest rates, and any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income or loss, as applicable.Accrued interest receivables on debt securities available-for-sale totaled $3.5 million at September 30, 2020. We do not measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. For the purposes of identifying and measuring an impairment, accrued interest is excluded from both the fair value and amortized cost basis of the debt security. Uncollectible accrued interest receivables associated with an impaired debt security are reversed against interest income upon identification of the impairment. No accrued interest receivables were written off during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments. We record cash equivalents, debt securities available-for-sale and equity securities at fair value based on a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and our own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels: Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that reflect our own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability when there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. Investments in debt securities available-for-sale are classified as Level 2 and carried at fair value. We estimate the fair value of debt securities available-for-sale by utilizing third-party pricing services. These pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. Such inputs include market pricing based on real-time trade data for similar instruments, issuer credit spreads, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes and other observable inputs. We validate valuations obtained from third-party pricing services by understanding the models used, obtaining market values from other pricing sources, and analyzing data in certain instances. Investments in equity securities of certain companies that are subject to holding period restrictions longer than one year are classified as Level 3 and carried at fair value using an option pricing valuation model. The most significant assumptions within the option pricing valuation model are the stock price volatility, which is based on the historical volatility of similar companies, and the discount for lack of marketability related to the term of the restrictions. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities.
Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements. ASU 2016-13. On January 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, using the modified retrospective transition method. For debt securities available-for-sale, the standard requires an investor to determine whether a decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis of the investment is due to credit-related factors. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit loss on the balance sheet with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Credit losses are limited to the amount by which the investment’s amortized cost basis exceeds its fair value and may be subsequently reversed if conditions change. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income or loss, as applicable, net of applicable taxes. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The comparative prior period information continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect during those periods. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. ASU 2019-12. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application of Topic 740. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2019-12 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. ASU 2020-06. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity, which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments, and amends existing earnings-per-share, or EPS, guidance by requiring that an entity use the if-converted method when calculating diluted EPS for convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2020-06 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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