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Mortgage Servicing Rights and Related Liabilities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract] |
Mortgage Servicing Rights and Related Liabilities | 5. Mortgage Servicing Rights and Related Liabilities The following table sets forth the carrying value of the Company’s MSRs and the related liabilities. In estimating the fair value of all mortgage servicing rights and related liabilities, the impact of the current environment was considered in the determination of key assumptions.
MSRs and Related Liabilities | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
MSRs at fair value | $ | 9,090 |  |  | $ | 6,654 |
Excess spread financing at fair value | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | 509 |
Mortgage servicing rights financing at fair value | 29 |  |  | 19 |
MSR related liabilities - nonrecourse at fair value | $ | 466 |  |  | $ | 528 |
Mortgage Servicing Rights The Company owns and records at fair value the rights to service traditional residential mortgage loans for others either as a result of purchase transactions or from the retained servicing associated with the sales and securitizations of loans originated. MSRs are comprised of servicing rights of both agency and non-agency loans. The following table sets forth the activities of MSRs:
| Year Ended December 31,
MSRs at Fair Value | 2023 |  | 2022
Fair value - beginning of year | $ | 6,654 |  |  | $ | 4,223 |
Additions: |  |  |
Servicing retained from mortgage loans sold | 273 |  |  | 554 |
Purchases and acquisitions of servicing rights | 3,189 |  |  | 1,595 |
Dispositions: |  |  |
Sales of servicing assets and excess yield | (573) |  |  | (294) |
Changes in fair value: |  |  |
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model (MSR MTM) | 121 |  |  | 1,328 |
Changes in valuation due to amortization | (604) |  |  | (779) |
Other changes(1) | 30 |  |  | 27 |
Fair value - end of year | $ | 9,090 |  |  | $ | 6,654 |
(1)Amounts primarily represent negative fair values reclassified from the MSR asset to reserves as underlying loans are removed from the MSR and other reclassification adjustments. From time to time, the Company sells its ownership interest in certain MSRs and is retained as the subservicer for the sold assets. The Company has evaluated the sale accounting requirements related to these transactions, including the Company’s continued involvement as the subservicer, and concluded that these transactions qualify for sale accounting treatment. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company sold $25,239 and $20,902 in unpaid principal balance of MSRs, of which $23,218 and $19,817 was retained by the Company as subservicer, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, certain agencies entered into agreements with the Company to purchase excess servicing cash flows (“excess yield”) on certain agency loans with a total UPB of $41,958 for total proceeds of $294. The Company recorded a gain of $33 through the mark-to-market adjustments within “revenues - service related, net” in the consolidated statements of operations. MSRs are segregated between investor type into agency and non-agency pools (referred to herein as “investor pools”) based upon contractual servicing agreements with investors at the respective balance sheet date to evaluate the MSR portfolio and fair value of the portfolio. Agency investors consist of Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae” or “GNMA”) and the GSEs, Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae” or “FNMA”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp (“Freddie Mac” or “FHLMC”). Non-agency investors consist of investors in private-label securitizations. The following table provides a breakdown of UPB and fair value for the Company’s MSRs:
| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
MSRs - UPB and Fair Value Breakdown by Investor Pools | UPB |  | Fair Value |  | UPB |  | Fair Value
Agency | $ | 561,656 |  |  | $ | 8,774 |  |  | $ | 380,502 |  |  | $ | 6,322 |
Non-agency | 26,286 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 30,880 |  |  | 332 |
Total | $ | 587,942 |  |  | $ | 9,090 |  |  | $ | 411,382 |  |  | $ | 6,654 |
Refer to Note 18, Fair Value Measurements, for further discussion on key weighted-average inputs and assumptions used in estimating the fair value of MSRs. The following table shows the hypothetical effect on the fair value of the Company’s MSRs when applying certain unfavorable variations of key assumptions to these assets for the dates indicated:
| Option Adjusted Spread(1) |  | Total Prepayment Speeds |  | Cost to Service per Loan
MSRs - Hypothetical Sensitivities | 100 bps Adverse Change |  | 200 bps Adverse Change |  | 10% Adverse Change |  | 20% Adverse Change |  | 10% Adverse Change |  | 20% Adverse Change
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | (368) |  |  | $ | (706) |  |  | $ | (219) |  |  | $ | (425) |  |  | $ | (89) |  |  | $ | (178) |
| Discount Rate |  | Total Prepayment Speeds |  | Cost to Service per Loan
| 100 bps Adverse Change |  | 200 bps Adverse Change |  | 10% Adverse Change |  | 20% Adverse Change |  | 10% Adverse Change |  | 20% Adverse Change
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | (266) |  |  | $ | (511) |  |  | $ | (136) |  |  | $ | (264) |  |  | $ | (61) |  |  | $ | (122) |
(1)Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the Company valued MSRs using a stochastic option adjusted spread (“OAS”) instead of a static discount rate. Refer to Note 14, Fair Value Measurements, for further discussion. These hypothetical sensitivities should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of an adverse change in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects. Excess Spread Financing In order to finance the acquisition of certain MSRs on various portfolios, the Company previously entered into sale and assignment agreements with third parties and sold to these entities the right to receive a specified percentage of the excess cash flow generated from the portfolios in excess of a fixed base servicing fee per loan. The Company retains all the base servicing fees, ancillary income and interest float earnings on principal along with interest payments and escrow, and also incurs costs to service the specified pool. The Company is the legal owner and the servicer of the portfolios and provides all servicing and advancing functions. In connection with the above transactions, the Company entered into refinanced loan obligations with third parties that require the Company to transfer the new loan or a replacement loan of similar economic characteristics into the respective portfolio if the Company refinances any loan in the portfolio. The new or replacement loan will be governed by the same terms set forth in the sale and assignment agreement described above. The Company had excess spread financing liability of $437 and $509, with UPB of $74,219 and $83,706 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 18, Fair Value Measurements, for further discussion on key weighted-average inputs and assumptions used in the valuation of excess spread financing liability. The following table shows the hypothetical effect on the Company’s excess spread financing fair value when applying certain unfavorable variations of key assumptions to these liabilities for the dates indicated:
| Option Adjusted Spread(1) |  | Prepayment Speeds
Excess Spread Financing - Hypothetical Sensitivities | 100 bps Adverse Change |  | 200 bps Adverse Change |  | 10% Adverse Change |  | 20% Adverse Change
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Excess spread financing | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 20 |
| Discount Rate |  | Prepayment Speeds
| 100 bps Adverse Change |  | 200 bps Adverse Change |  | 10% Adverse Change |  | 20% Adverse Change
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Excess spread financing | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 22 |
(1)Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the Company valued excess spread financing using a stochastic OAS instead of a static discount rate. Refer to Note 14, Fair Value Measurements, for further discussion. These hypothetical sensitivities should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of an adverse change in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects. Also, a positive change in the above assumptions would not necessarily correlate with the corresponding decrease in the net carrying amount of the excess spread financing. Excess spread financing’s cash flow assumptions that are utilized in determining fair value are based on the related cash flow assumptions used in the financed MSRs. Any fair value change recognized in the financed MSRs attributable to related cash flows assumptions would inherently have an inverse impact on the carrying amount of the related excess spread financing. Mortgage Servicing Rights Financing The Company had MSR financing liability of $29 and $19 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, for further discussion on MSR financing, and Note 18, Fair Value Measurements, for further discussion on key weighted-average inputs and assumptions used in the valuation of the MSR financing liability. Revenues - Service Related, net The following table sets forth the items comprising total “revenues - service related, net”:
| Year Ended December 31,
Revenues - Service Related, net | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Contractually specified servicing fees(1) | $ | 1,700 |  |  | $ | 1,458 |  |  | $ | 1,122 |
Other service-related income(1) | 72 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 72 |
Incentive and modification income(1) | 43 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 51 |
Servicing late fees(1) | 89 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 71 |
Mark-to-market adjustments - Servicing |  |  |  |  |
MSR MTM | 121 |  |  | 1,328 |  |  | 502 |
Loss on MSR hedging activities | (68) |  |  | (332) |  |  | (86) |
Gain (loss) on MSR sales | 23 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 7 |
Reclassifications(2) | (33) |  |  | (30) |  |  | (35) |
Excess spread / MSR financing MTM | (18) |  |  | (142) |  |  | 33 |
Total mark-to-market adjustments - Servicing | 25 |  |  | 821 |  |  | 421 |
Amortization, net of accretion |  |  |  |  |
MSR amortization | (604) |  |  | (779) |  |  | (1,008) |
Excess spread accretion | 41 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 255 |
Total amortization, net of accretion | (563) |  |  | (693) |  |  | (753) |
Originations service fees(3) | 61 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 176 |
Corporate/Xome related service fees | 84 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 186 |
Other(4) | (71) |  |  | (105) |  |  | (279) |
Total revenues - Service Related, net | $ | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 1,865 |  |  | $ | 1,067 |
(1)The Company recognizes revenue on an earned basis for services performed. Amounts include subservicing related revenues. Amounts also include servicing fees from loans sold with servicing retained of $708, $661 and $495 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. (2)Reclassifications include the impact of negative modeled cash flows which have been transferred to reserves on advances and other receivables. The negative modeled cash flows relate to advances and other receivables associated with inactive and liquidated loans that are no longer part of the MSR portfolio. (3)Amounts include fees collected from customers for originated loans and from other lenders for loans purchased through the correspondent channel, and includes loan application, underwriting, and other similar fees. (4)Other represents the excess servicing fee that the Company pays to the counterparties under the excess spread financing arrangements, portfolio runoff and the payments made associated with MSR financing arrangements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a transferor's continuing involvement in financial assets that it has transferred in a securitization or asset-backed financing arrangement, the nature of any restrictions on assets reported by an entity in its statement of financial position that relate to a transferred financial asset (including the carrying amounts of such assets), how servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported, and (for securitization or asset-backed financing arrangements accounted for as sales) when a transferor has continuing involvement with the transferred financial assets and transfers of financial assets accounted for as secured borrowings, how the transfer of financial assets affects an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 860 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1A -Subparagraph (b)(2) -Publisher FASB -URI 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