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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Aug. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
At August 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023, our total gross unrecognized tax benefits were $358.6 million and $332.3 million, respectively.
At August 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023, we had interest accrued of $171.3 million and $142.1 million, respectively, included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities.
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate was $283.9 million and $263.0 million (net of Federal benefit) at August 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023, respectively.
We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
We are currently under examination by a number of taxing jurisdictions. Though we do not expect that resolution of these examinations will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, they may have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations for the period in which resolution occurs.
Earliest tax years that remain subject to examination in the major tax jurisdictions in which we operate:
JurisdictionTax Year
United States2020
New York State2001
New York City2006
United Kingdom2021
Germany2018
Hong Kong2018
India2010
Three Months Ended 
August 31,		Nine Months Ended 
August 31,
$ in millions2024202320242023
Income tax expense$78.0 $37.1 $207.1 $75.1 
Effective tax rate30.9 %40.8 %29.6 %28.1 %