Debt

The following table presents the Company's debt as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



				Outstanding Principal Balance
	Interest Rate (1)		Maturity Date	December 31, 2015		December 31, 2014
2014-SFR1 securitization (2)	1.97	%	June 9, 2019	$	473,755	$	478,565
2014-SFR2 securitization	4.42	%	October 9, 2024	507,305		512,435
2014-SFR3 securitization	4.40	%	December 9, 2024	523,109		528,390
2015-SFR1 securitization (3)	4.14	%	April 9, 2045	549,121		—
2015-SFR2 securitization (4)	4.36	%	October 9, 2045	476,920		—
Total asset-backed securitizations				2,530,210		1,519,390
Secured note payable	4.06	%	July 1, 2019	50,752		51,644
Credit facility (5)	3.18	%	September 30, 2018	—		207,000
Total debt (6)				$	2,580,962	$	1,778,034

(1) Interest rates are as of December 31, 2015. Unless otherwise stated, interest rates are fixed percentages.

(2)

The 2014-SFR1 securitization bears interest at a duration-weighted blended interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.54%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 0.25%. The maturity date of June 9, 2019, reflects the fully extended maturity date based on an initial two-year loan term and three, 12-month extension options, at the Company's election, provided there is no event of default and compliance with certain other terms.


(3)	The 2015-SFR1 securitization has a maturity date of April 9, 2045, with an anticipated repayment date of April 9, 2025.


(4)	The 2015-SFR2 securitization has a maturity date of October 9, 2045, with an anticipated repayment date of October 9, 2025.


(5)	The credit facility provides for a borrowing capacity of up to $800.0 million through March 2016 and bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.75% (3.125% beginning in March 2017). Any outstanding borrowings upon expiration of the credit facility period in March 2016 will become due in September 2018.


(6)	The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants associated with its asset-backed securitizations, secured note payable and credit facility as of December 31, 2015.

Asset-backed Securitizations

May 2014 Securitization

In May 2014, we completed a private securitization transaction (the "2014-SFR1 securitization") in which a newly-formed special purpose entity (the "Borrower") entered into a loan with a third-party lender ("the Lender") for $481.0 million represented by a promissory note (the "Note"). In addition, the Company entered into an interest rate cap agreement for the initial two year term of the loan, with a LIBOR based strike rate equal to 3.85%. The Borrower under the loan is wholly owned by another special purpose entity (the "Equity Owner") and the Equity Owner is wholly owned by our operating partnership. The loan is a two-year, floating rate loan, comprised of six floating rate components computed monthly based on one month LIBOR for each interest period plus a fixed component spread for each of the six components resulting in a duration-weighted blended interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.54%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 0.25%. The Note requires monthly payments of interest together with principal payments representing one-twelfth of one percent of the original principal amount.

The loan may be extended for three, 12-month extensions at the Borrower's option, resulting in a fully extended maturity date of June 9, 2019, provided that there is no event of default under the loan agreement, the Borrower obtains a replacement interest rate cap agreement in a form reasonably acceptable to the Lender and the Borrower complies with the other terms set forth in the loan agreement.

The Note was immediately transferred by the Lender to a subsidiary of the Company and then to a REMIC trust in exchange for seven classes of single-family rental pass-through certificates representing all of the beneficial ownership interests in the loan and the trust. Upon receipt of the certificates, a subsidiary of the Company sold the certificates to investors for gross proceeds of $481.0 million, before issuance costs of $14.9 million. Proceeds from this transaction were used to pay down the outstanding balance on the credit facility. The principal amount of each class of certificates corresponds to the corresponding principal amount of the loan components with an additional class to hold the residual REMIC interest.

The loan is secured by first priority mortgages on a pool of 3,852 homes transferred to the Borrower from the Company's portfolio of properties. The Borrower's homes were substantially similar to the other properties owned by the Company and were leased to tenants underwritten on substantially the same basis as the tenants in the Company's other properties. During the duration of the loan, the Borrower's properties may not generally be transferred, sold or otherwise securitized, the Company can substitute properties only if a property owned by the Borrower becomes a disqualified property under the terms of the loan, and the Borrower is limited in its ability to incur any additional indebtedness.

The loan is also secured by a security interest in all of the Borrower's personal property and a pledge of all of the assets of the Equity Owner, including a security interest in its membership interest in the Borrower. The Company provides a limited guaranty (i) for certain losses arising out of designated acts of intentional misconduct and (ii) for the principal amount of the loan and all other obligations under the loan agreement in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings.

The loan agreement provides that the Borrower maintain covenants typical for securitization transactions including establishing and maintaining a cash management account controlled by the Lender to collect all rents and cash generated by the Borrower's properties. In the absence of an event of default, the Borrower will receive any excess cash after payment of monthly interest, principal and property related expenses. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the loan or if the Borrower does not maintain a debt yield (net cash flow divided by the outstanding principal balance of the loan) on the portfolio of at least 6.68%, the Lender may transfer the excess cash to an account and apply any funds in such account as the Lender elects, including to prepay principal and pay any amounts due under the loan. The Lender may also foreclose on its security interests, in limited circumstances may enforce the Company's guaranty and may appoint a new property manager. As of December 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the loan agreement.

The Company has accounted for the transfer of the Note from its subsidiary to the trust as a sale under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, with no resulting gain or loss as the Note was both originated by the third party lender and immediately transferred at the same fair market value. The Company has also evaluated and not identified any variable interests in the trust. Accordingly, the Company continues to consolidate, at historical cost basis, the 3,852 homes placed as collateral for the Note. The principal balance outstanding on the Note was $473.8 million as of December 31, 2015, and was included in asset-backed securitizations within the consolidated balance sheets. The 3,852 collateral homes had a net book value of $606.9 million as of December 31, 2015.

The interest rate cap agreement entered into as part of the securitization transaction has been formally designated as a cash flow hedge at inception and will be regularly assessed for effectiveness on an ongoing basis. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company's interest rate cap agreement was 100% effective as a cash flow hedge and, as a result, changes in fair value have been classified in accumulated other comprehensive loss. These amounts will subsequently be reclassified into earnings in the period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Over the next 12 months, the Company estimates that $0.1 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense. The fair value of the interest rate cap agreement is estimated to be zero as of December 31, 2015, (see Note 15) and has been included in escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

September 2014 Securitization

In September 2014, we completed our second securitization transaction (the "2014-SFR2 securitization"), which was structured substantially similar to the 2014-SFR1 securitization. The principal differences from the 2014-SFR1 securitization are: (1) the loan is a fixed rate loan for $513.3 million with a 10 year term, maturity date of October 9, 2024, and a duration-adjusted weighted-average interest rate of 4.42%, (2) no interest rate cap agreement was part of the transaction, (3) the loan is secured by first priority mortgages on a portfolio of 4,487 single-family residential properties owned by the borrower, a subsidiary of the Company and (4) in lieu of a debt yield requirement, the loan agreement provides that if the borrower does not maintain a debt service coverage ratio of at least 1.20 to 1.00, the lender may transfer cash to an account from which the lender may apply funds as it elects, including prepayment of the loan and principal. The loan agreement defines the debt service coverage ratio as of any determination date as a ratio in which the numerator is the net cash flow (as defined in the loan agreement) divided by the aggregate debt service for the 12 month period following the date of determination. Also, in addition to the single-family rental pass-through certificates sold to third parties, the Company acquired all of the Class F certificates, which bear no interest, for $25.7 million. Gross proceeds to the Company from the 2014-SFR2 securitization, after purchase of the Class F certificates, were $487.7 million, before issuance costs of $12.9 million. Proceeds from this transaction were used to pay down the outstanding balance on the credit facility and for general corporate purposes.

The Company has accounted for the transfer of the 2014-SFR2 securitization promissory note to the trust as a sale under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, with no resulting gain or loss as the note was both originated by the third-party lender and immediately transferred at the same fair market value. The Company has also evaluated the purchased Class F certificates as a variable interest in the trust and has concluded that the Class F certificates will not absorb a majority of the trust's expected losses or receive a majority of the trust's expected residual returns. Additionally, the Company has concluded that the Class F certificates do not provide the Company with any ability to direct activities that could impact the trust's economic performance. The Company does not consolidate the trust and continues to consolidate, at historical cost basis, the 4,487 homes placed as collateral for the note. The principal balance outstanding on the note was $507.3 million as of December 31, 2015, and was included in asset-backed securitizations within the consolidated balance sheets. Separately, the $25.7 million of purchased Class F certificates have been reflected as asset-backed securitization certificates in the consolidated balance sheets. The 4,487 collateral homes had a net book value of $672.3 million as of December 31, 2015.

November 2014 Securitization

In November 2014, we completed our third securitization transaction (the "2014-SFR3 securitization"), which was structured substantially similar to the 2014-SFR2 securitization. The principal differences from the 2014-SFR2 securitization are: (1) the loan is a fixed rate loan for $528.4 million with a 10 year term, maturity date of December 9, 2024, and a duration-adjusted weighted-average interest rate of 4.40%, (2) the loan is secured by first priority mortgages on a portfolio of 4,503 single-family residential properties owned by the borrower, a subsidiary of the Company and (3) the Company did not acquire any of the certificates associated with this transaction. Gross proceeds to the Company from the 2014-SFR3 securitization were $528.4 million, before issuance costs of $12.9 million. Proceeds from this transaction were used to pay down the outstanding balance on the credit facility and for general corporate purposes. The Company consolidates, at historical cost basis, the 4,503 homes placed as collateral for the note. The principal balance outstanding on the note was $523.1 million as of December 31, 2015, and was included in asset-backed securitizations within the consolidated balance sheets. The 4,503 collateral homes had a net book value of $729.8 million as of December 31, 2015.

March 2015 Securitization

In March 2015, we completed our fourth securitization transaction (the “2015-SFR1 securitization”), which was structured substantially similar to the 2014-SFR3 securitization. The principal differences from the 2014-SFR3 securitization are: (1) the loan is a fixed-rate loan for $552.8 million with a 30 year term, maturity date of April 9, 2045, and a duration-adjusted weighted-average interest rate of 4.14%, (2) the loan is secured by first priority mortgages on a pool of 4,661 single-family residential properties owned by the Borrower, a subsidiary of the Company and (3) the loan has an anticipated repayment date of April 9, 2025. The note was immediately transferred by the third-party lender to a subsidiary of the Company and then to a REMIC trust in exchange for eight classes of single-family rental pass-through certificates representing all of the beneficial ownership interests in the loan and the trust. Upon receipt of the certificates, a subsidiary of the Company sold the certificates to investors for gross proceeds of $552.8 million, before issuance costs of $13.3 million. Proceeds from this transaction were used to pay down the outstanding balance on the credit facility and for general corporate purposes. The Company consolidates, at historical cost basis, the 4,661 homes placed as collateral for the note. The principal balance outstanding on the note was $549.1 million as of December 31, 2015, and was included in asset-backed securitizations within the consolidated balance sheets. The 4,661 collateral homes had a net book value of $735.0 million as of December 31, 2015.

September 2015 Securitization

In September 2015, we completed our fifth securitization transaction (the “2015-SFR2 securitization”), which was structured substantially similar to the 2015-SFR1 securitization. The principal differences from the 2015-SFR1 securitization are: (1) the loan is a fixed-rate loan for $477.7 million with a 30 year term, maturity date of October 9, 2045, and a duration-adjusted weighted-average interest rate of 4.36%, (2) the loan is secured by first priority mortgages on a portfolio of 4,125 single-family residential properties owned by the borrower, a subsidiary of the Company and (3) the loan has an anticipated repayment date of October 9, 2025. The note was immediately transferred by the third-party lender to a subsidiary of the Company and then to a REMIC trust in exchange for seven classes of single-family rental pass-through certificates representing all the beneficial ownership interests in the loan and the trust. Upon receipt of the certificates, a subsidiary of the Company sold the certificates to investors for gross proceeds of $477.7 million, before issuance costs of $11.3 million. Proceeds from this transaction were used to pay down the outstanding balance on the credit facility and for general corporate purposes. The Company consolidates, at historical cost basis, the 4,125 homes placed as collateral for the note. The principal balance outstanding on the note was $476.9 million as of December 31, 2015, and was included in asset-backed securitizations within the consolidated balance sheets. The 4,125 collateral homes had a net book value of $681.4 million as of December 31, 2015.

Secured Note Payable

In December 2014, as part of the Ellington Portfolio Acquisition, the Company assumed a $51.6 million secured note payable. The debt consists of a 5-year note payable, which is secured by a first priority mortgage on 583 of the homes acquired as part of the Ellington Portfolio Acquisition, bears interest at 4.06%, matures on July 1, 2019, and contains certain required covenants, including a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.47 to 1.00.

Credit facility

In March 2013, the Company entered into a $500.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility with a financial institution, which was subsequently amended in September 2013 to, among other things, expand our borrowing capacity to $800.0 million and extend the repayment period to September 30, 2018. The amount that may be borrowed under the credit facility will generally be based on 50% of the lower of cost or the fair value of our qualifying leased and un-leased properties and certain other measures based in part on the net income generated by our qualifying leased and un-leased properties, which is referred to as the "Borrowing Base." Borrowings under the credit facility are available through March 7, 2016, at which point, any outstanding borrowings will convert to a term loan through September 30, 2018. During February 2016, we entered into a three-month extension of the revolving period on our credit facility, which we are in process of replacing. All borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at 30 day LIBOR plus 2.75% until March 2017, and thereafter at 30 day LIBOR plus 3.125%. The Company had no borrowings outstanding under the credit facility as of December 31, 2015, compared to $207.0 million in total outstanding borrowings under the credit facility at December 31, 2014.

The credit facility is secured by our operating partnership's membership interests in entities that own certain of our single-family properties and requires that we maintain financial covenants relating to the following matters: (i) minimum liquidity of cash, cash equivalents and borrowing capacity under any credit facilities in an aggregate amount of at least $15.0 million, of which at least $7.5 million must be in cash and cash equivalents; (ii) a maximum leverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0; and (iii) tangible net worth of not less than the sum of 85% of our tangible net worth as of September 30, 2013, plus 85% of the net proceeds of any additional equity capital raises completed on or after December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all loan covenants.

Interest Expense

The following table displays our total gross interest, including unused commitments and other fees and amortization of deferred financing costs, and capitalized interest for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Gross interest cost	$	98,103		$	33,077		$	10,016
Capitalized interest	(8,690		)	(13,196		)	(9,646		)
Interest expense	$	89,413		$	19,881		$	370