Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

As of September 30, 2021, the Company held 20% ownership interests in three unconsolidated joint ventures. In evaluating the Company’s 20% ownership interests in these joint ventures, we concluded that the joint ventures are not VIEs after applying the variable interest model and, therefore, we account for our interests in the joint ventures as investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries after applying the voting interest model using the equity method of accounting. Equity in net income (losses) of unconsolidated joint ventures is included in other income and expense, net within the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company entered into a joint venture with (i) the Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation (the “Alaska JV”) during the second quarter of 2014 to invest in homes acquired through traditional acquisition channels, (ii) another leading institutional investor (the “Institutional Investor JV”) during the third quarter of 2018 to invest in newly constructed single-family rental homes, and (iii) institutional investors advised by J.P. Morgan Asset Management (the “J.P. Morgan JV”) during the first quarter of 2020 focused on constructing and operating newly built rental homes.

The following table summarizes our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands, except percentages and property data):


Joint Venture Description	% Ownership at September 30, 2021		Completed Homes at September 30, 2021	Balances at September 30, 2021		Balances at December 31, 2020
Alaska JV	20	%	335	$	21,970	$	26,020
Institutional Investor JV	20	%	966	28,774		34,112
J.P. Morgan JV	20	%	428	59,842		32,977
			1,729	$	110,586	$	93,109

The Company provides various services to these joint ventures, which are considered to be related parties, including property management and development services and has opportunities to earn promoted interests. Management fee and development fee income from unconsolidated joint ventures was $2.8 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $7.4 million and $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and was included in other income and expense, net within the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As a result of the Company’s management of these joint ventures, certain related party receivables and payables arise in the ordinary course of business and are included in escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets or amounts payable to affiliates in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

During the third quarter of 2020, Institutional Investor JV entered into a loan agreement to borrow up to a $201.0 million aggregate commitment. During the initial two-year term, the loan bears interest at LIBOR plus a 3.50% margin and matures on August 11, 2022. The loan agreement provides for three one-year extension options that include additional fees and interest. As of September 30, 2021, the joint venture’s loan had a $161.3 million outstanding principal balance. The Company has provided a customary non-recourse guarantee that may become a liability for us upon a voluntary bankruptcy filing by the joint venture or occurrence of other actions such as fraud or a material misrepresentation by us or the joint venture. To date, the guarantee has not been invoked and we believe that the actions that would trigger a guarantee would generally be disadvantageous to the joint venture and us, and therefore are unlikely to occur. However, there can be no assurances that actions that could trigger the guarantee will not occur.