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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File No. 001-42130

Tempus AI, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada |  | 47-4903308
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

600 West Chicago Avenue, Suite 510

Chicago, IL 60654

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)

(800) 976-5448

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share |  | TEM |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒ No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes☒ No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes☐ No☒

As of August 5, 2025, there were 168,683,769 shares of Class A common stock and 5,043,789 shares of Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

|  | Page
Part I – Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 1
Item 1. | Condensed Consolidated Quarterly Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, Common Stock and Stockholders’ Equity | 7
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 34
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 52
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 53
Part II – Other Information | 54
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 54
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 55
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 56
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 57
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 57
Item 5. | Other Information | 58
Item 6. | Exhibits | 61
Signatures | 63

Temp us AI, Inc.

Condensed Consolidate d Quarterly Financial Statements (Unaudited)

June 30, 2025

1

Tempus AI, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDA TED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 186,310 |  |  | $ | 340,954 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,545 and $1,141 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  | 266,284 |  |  |  | 154,819 |
Inventory |  |  | 47,600 |  |  |  | 38,386 |
Related party asset |  |  | 2,535 |  |  |  | — |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 36,476 |  |  |  | 26,135 |
Marketable equity securities |  |  | 104,996 |  |  |  | 107,309 |
Total current assets |  | $ | 644,201 |  |  | $ | 667,603 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 92,563 |  |  |  | 58,056 |
Goodwill |  |  | 325,793 |  |  |  | 73,343 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 387,564 |  |  |  | 11,716 |
Investments and other assets |  |  | 16,669 |  |  |  | 8,305 |
Investment in joint venture |  |  | 95,718 |  |  |  | 91,450 |
Related party asset, less current portion |  |  | 22,465 |  |  |  | — |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 38,651 |  |  |  | 14,762 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 1,741 |  |  |  | 881 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 1,625,365 |  |  | $ | 926,116 |
Liabilities, Convertible redeemable preferred stock, and Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  |  | 79,323 |  |  |  | 53,804 |
Related party payable |  |  | 25,000 |  |  |  | — |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 165,903 |  |  |  | 130,407 |
Deferred revenue(1) |  |  | 100,477 |  |  |  | 75,981 |
Deferred other income |  |  | 15,955 |  |  |  | 15,955 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 16,554 |  |  |  | 6,964 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 9,381 |  |  |  | 6,459 |
Accrued data licensing fees |  |  | 5,567 |  |  |  | 1,500 |
Total current liabilities |  | $ | 418,160 |  |  | $ | 291,070 |
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion |  |  | 45,866 |  |  |  | 26,199 |
Convertible promissory note |  |  | 226,342 |  |  |  | 168,192 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 9,508 |  |  |  | 15,980 |
Revolving credit facility |  |  | 100,000 |  |  |  | — |
Interest payable |  |  | 5,084 |  |  |  | 70,450 |
Long-term debt, net |  |  | 471,663 |  |  |  | 267,244 |
Deferred other income, less current portion |  |  | 15,955 |  |  |  | 23,932 |
Deferred revenue, less current portion |  |  | 23,225 |  |  |  | 6,710 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 1,315,803 |  |  | $ | 869,777 |

(1) Includes related party deferred revenue of $36,685 and $0 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; aggregate liquidation preference of $0 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A Voting Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; 168,580,827 and 157,076,972 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 16 |
Class B Voting Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,500,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; 5,043,789 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Non-voting Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, no shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Treasury Stock, 145,466 shares at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, at cost |  |  | (3,602 | ) |  |  | (3,602 | )
Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  | 2,566,412 |  |  |  | 2,210,664 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  |  | 8,448 |  |  |  | 94 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (2,261,714 | ) |  |  | (2,150,834 | )
Total Stockholders' equity |  | $ | 309,562 |  |  | $ | 56,339 |
Total Liabilities, Convertible redeemable preferred stock, and Stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,625,365 |  |  | $ | 926,116 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Tempus AI, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Genomics |  | $ | 241,843 |  |  | $ | 112,324 |  |  | $ | 435,647 |  |  | $ | 214,893 |
Data and services(1) |  |  | 72,792 |  |  |  | 53,645 |  |  |  | 134,725 |  |  |  | 96,896 |
Total net revenue |  | $ | 314,635 |  |  | $ | 165,969 |  |  | $ | 570,372 |  |  | $ | 311,789 |
Cost and operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues, genomics |  |  | 99,756 |  |  |  | 68,324 |  |  |  | 184,539 |  |  |  | 121,159 |
Cost of revenues, data and services |  |  | 19,840 |  |  |  | 22,132 |  |  |  | 35,591 |  |  |  | 37,420 |
Technology research and development |  |  | 34,482 |  |  |  | 77,908 |  |  |  | 67,873 |  |  |  | 104,975 |
Research and development |  |  | 41,619 |  |  |  | 68,025 |  |  |  | 77,493 |  |  |  | 92,365 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 180,712 |  |  |  | 463,072 |  |  |  | 335,339 |  |  |  | 542,636 |
Total cost and operating expenses |  |  | 376,409 |  |  |  | 699,461 |  |  |  | 700,835 |  |  |  | 898,555 |
Loss from operations |  | $ | (61,774 | ) |  | $ | (533,492 | ) |  | $ | (130,463 | ) |  | $ | (586,766 | )
Interest income |  |  | 1,093 |  |  |  | 1,718 |  |  |  | 2,906 |  |  |  | 2,749 |
Interest expense |  |  | (21,579 | ) |  |  | (13,295 | ) |  |  | (39,582 | ) |  |  | (26,533 | )
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 41,729 |  |  |  | (7,048 | ) |  |  | 14,274 |  |  |  | (6,299 | )
Loss before (provision for) benefit from income taxes |  | $ | (40,531 | ) |  | $ | (552,117 | ) |  | $ | (152,865 | ) |  | $ | (616,849 | )
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes |  |  | (212 | ) |  |  | (95 | ) |  |  | 45,968 |  |  |  | (106 | )
Losses from equity method investments |  |  | (2,100 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,983 | ) |  |  | — |
Net Loss |  | $ | (42,843 | ) |  | $ | (552,212 | ) |  | $ | (110,880 | ) |  | $ | (616,955 | )
Dividends on Series A, B, B-1, B-2, C, D, E, F, G, G-3, and G-4 preferred shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,540 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (39,347 | )
Cumulative undeclared dividends on Series C preferred shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | (668 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,174 | )
Net loss attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted |  |  | (42,843 | ) |  |  | (564,420 | ) |  |  | (110,880 | ) |  |  | (657,476 | )
Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.25 | ) |  | $ | (6.86 | ) |  | $ | (0.64 | ) |  | $ | (9.02 | )
Weighted-average shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted |  |  | 173,381 |  |  |  | 82,325 |  |  |  | 171,960 |  |  |  | 72,930 |
Comprehensive Loss, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (42,843 | ) |  | $ | (552,212 | ) |  | $ | (110,880 | ) |  | $ | (616,955 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 3,756 |  |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | 8,354 |  |  |  | (99 | )
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (39,087 | ) |  | $ | (552,255 | ) |  | $ | (102,526 | ) |  | $ | (617,054 | )

(1) Includes related party revenue of $15,908, $108, $16,539, $215 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Tempus AI, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED S TATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (110,880 | ) |  | $ | (616,955 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of warrant liability | $ | — |  |  | $ | (900 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | 45,429 |  |  |  | 488,313 |
Gain on warrant exercise |  | — |  |  |  | (173 | )
Gain on marketable equity securities |  | (6,007 | ) |  |  | (2,541 | )
Deferred income taxes |  | (46,216 | ) |  |  | — |
Losses from equity method investments |  | 3,983 |  |  |  | — |
Amortization of original issue discount |  | 1,169 |  |  |  | 691 |
Amortization of deferred financing fees |  | 332 |  |  |  | 255 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  | — |  |  |  | 165 |
Change in fair value of holdback liability |  | 312 |  |  |  | — |
Amortization of warrant contract asset |  | — |  |  |  | 2,422 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 48,385 |  |  |  | 18,348 |
Provision for bad debt expense |  | 625 |  |  |  | 327 |
Change in fair value of warrant asset |  | — |  |  |  | 7,700 |
Non-cash operating lease costs |  | 4,573 |  |  |  | 3,252 |
Minimum accretion expense |  | 108 |  |  |  | 92 |
PIK interest added to principal |  | 7,157 |  |  |  | 4,366 |
Change in assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | (49,155 | ) |  |  | (23,971 | )
Inventory |  | 1,974 |  |  |  | (3,845 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | (188 | ) |  |  | (12,409 | )
Investments and other assets |  | (11,073 | ) |  |  | 1,294 |
Accounts payable |  | 7,025 |  |  |  | (33,371 | )
Deferred revenue(1) |  | 36,836 |  |  |  | (28,669 | )
Deferred other income |  | (7,977 | ) |  |  | — |
Accrued data licensing fees |  | 3,957 |  |  |  | (2,749 | )
Accrued expenses & other |  | 6,991 |  |  |  | (2,805 | )
Interest payable |  | 7,122 |  |  |  | 7,287 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | (5,942 | ) |  |  | (4,582 | )
Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (61,460 | ) |  | $ | (198,458 | )
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | $ | (9,588 | ) |  | $ | (14,116 | )
Proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities |  | 8,316 |  |  |  | 23,098 |
Business combinations, net of cash acquired (Note 4) |  | (380,762 | ) |  |  | — |
Purchases of capitalized software |  | (3,295 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (385,329 | ) |  | $ | 8,982 |

(1) Includes increase in related party deferred revenue of $36,685 and $0 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Tempus AI, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in connection with initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions | $ | — |  |  | $ | 381,951 |
Tax withholding related to net share settlement of restricted stock units |  | — |  |  |  | (69,918 | )
Issuance of Series G-5 Preferred Stock |  | — |  |  |  | 199,750 |
Payment of deferred offering costs |  | — |  |  |  | (2,714 | )
Dividends paid |  | — |  |  |  | (5,625 | )
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, net of original issue discount |  | 98,000 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from long-term debt, net of original issue discount |  | 196,000 |  |  |  | — |
Payment of deferred financing fees |  | (958 | ) |  |  | — |
Payment of indemnity holdback related to acquisition |  | — |  |  |  | (813 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 293,042 |  |  | $ | 502,631 |
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | (90 | )
Net (decrease) increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | $ | (153,784 | ) |  | $ | 313,065 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period |  | 341,835 |  |  |  | 166,607 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 188,051 |  |  | $ | 479,672 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash are Comprised of: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 186,310 |  |  | $ | 478,811 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,741 |  |  |  | 861 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 188,051 |  |  | $ | 479,672 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the year for interest | $ | 23,980 |  |  | $ | 13,921 |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 89 |
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Dividends payable | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,487 |
Purchases of property and equipment, accrued but not paid | $ | 6,863 |  |  | $ | 1,108 |
Redemption of convertible promissory note | $ | 14,338 |  |  | $ | 12,476 |
Non-voting common stock issued in connection with business combinations | $ | — |  |  | $ | 344 |
Deferred financing fees, accrued but not yet paid | $ | 545 |  |  | $ | — |
Deferred offering costs, accrued but not yet paid | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 6,051 |
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets | $ | 606 |  |  | $ | — |
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with initial public offering | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,348,809 |
Taxes related to net share settlement of restricted stock units not yet paid | $ | — |  |  | $ | 164 |
Reclassification of deferred offering costs to additional paid-in capital upon initial public offering | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,347 |
Class A Voting Common Stock issued in connection with business combinations | $ | 310,320 |  |  | $ | — |
Issuance of Series G-3 Preferred Stock | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,809 |
Issuance of Series G-4 Preferred Stock | $ | — |  |  | $ | 611 |
Convertible promissory note principal reset due to amendment | $ | 72,488 |  |  | $ | — |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Tempus AI, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE

PREFERRED STOCK, COMMON STOCK A ND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | Voting Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  | Accumulated Other |  | Total |
|  | Class A |  | Class B |  | Treasury Stock |  | Paid-in |  | Accumulated |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | (Loss) Income |  | Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 157,076,972 |  | $ | 16 |  |  | 5,043,789 |  | $ | 1 |  |  | (145,466 | ) | $ | (3,602 | ) |  | 2,210,664 |  | $ | (2,150,834 | ) | $ | 94 |  | $ | 56,339 |
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units, net |  |  | 6,391,439 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0 | )
Issuance of common stock in connection with business combinations |  |  | 5,112,416 |  |  | 0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 310,320 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 310,320 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,429 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,429 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,354 |  |  | 8,354 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (110,880 | ) |  | — |  |  | (110,880 | )
Balance at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 168,580,827 |  | $ | 17 |  |  | 5,043,789 |  | $ | 1 |  |  | (145,466 | ) | $ | (3,602 | ) | $ | 2,566,412 |  | $ | (2,261,714 | ) | $ | 8,448 |  | $ | 309,562 |

| Redeemable Convertible Preferred |  | Voting Common Stock |  | Non-Voting |  | Treasury |  | Additional |  |  |  | Accumulated Other |  | Total |
| Stock |  | Class A |  | Class B |  | Common Stock |  | Stock |  | Paid-in |  | Accumulated |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders' |
| Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | (Loss) Income |  | Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | 63,525,953 |  | $ | 1,105,543 |  |  | 58,367,961 |  | $ | 6 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | 5,205,802 |  | $ | 0 |  |  | (145,466 | ) | $ | (3,602 | ) |  | 18,345 |  | $ | (1,396,917 | ) | $ | 5 |  | $ | (1,382,163 | )
Issuance of Series G-3 Preferred Stock |  | 66,465 |  |  | 3,809 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Issuance of Series G-4 Preferred Stock |  | 10,666 |  |  | 611 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Issuance of Series G-5 Preferred Stock |  | 3,489,981 |  |  | 199,750 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock issued in connection with business combinations |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,141 |  |  | 0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 344 |
Dividends |  | — |  |  | 33,669 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39,347 | ) |  | — |  |  | (39,347 | )
Issuance of common stock in connection with initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and other offering costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,100,000 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 369,603 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 369,604 |
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with initial public offering |  | (67,093,065 | ) |  | (1,343,382 | ) |  | 71,976,178 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 5,043,789 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,357,562 |  |  | (8,761 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,348,809 |
Conversion of non-voting common stock to Class A common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,069,477 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,214,943 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0 |
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,651,848 |  |  | 0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (70,082 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (70,082 | )
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of warrant |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 109,459 |  |  | 0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (173 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (173 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 488,313 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 488,313 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (99 | ) |  | (99 | )
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (616,955 | ) |  | — |  |  | (616,955 | )
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | 149,274,923 |  | $ | 15 |  |  | 5,043,789 |  | $ | 1 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | (145,466 | ) | $ | (3,602 | ) | $ | 2,163,911 |  | $ | (2,061,980 | ) | $ | (94 | ) | $ | 98,251 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

Tempus AI, Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE

PREFERRED STOCK, COMMON STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | Voting Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  | Accumulated Other |  | Total |
|  | Class A |  | Class B |  | Treasury Stock |  | Paid-in |  | Accumulated |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | (Loss) Income |  | Equity |
Balance at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 167,989,074 |  | $ | 17 |  |  | 5,043,789 |  | $ | 1 |  |  | (145,466 | ) | $ | (3,602 | ) |  | 2,543,957 |  | $ | (2,218,871 | ) | $ | 4,692 |  | $ | 326,194 |
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units, net |  |  | 591,753 |  |  | 0 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,455 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,455 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,756 |  |  | 3,756 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (42,843 | ) |  | — |  |  | (42,843 | )
Balance at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 168,580,827 |  | $ | 17 |  |  | 5,043,789 |  | $ | 1 |  |  | (145,466 | ) | $ | (3,602 | ) | $ | 2,566,412 |  | $ | (2,261,714 | ) | $ | 8,448 |  | $ | 309,562 |

| Redeemable Convertible Preferred |  | Voting Common Stock |  | Non-Voting |  | Treasury |  | Additional |  |  |  | Accumulated Other |  | Total |
| Stock |  | Class A |  | Class B |  | Common Stock |  | Stock |  | Paid-in |  | Accumulated |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders' |
| Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Units |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | (Loss) Income |  | Equity |
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  | 63,603,084 |  | $ | 1,134,802 |  |  | 58,367,961 |  | $ | 6 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | 5,214,943 |  | $ | 0 |  |  | (145,466 | ) | $ | (3,602 | ) |  | 18,689 |  | $ | (1,489,467 | ) | $ | (51 | ) | $ | (1,474,425 | )
Issuance of Series G-5 Preferred Stock |  | 3,489,981 |  |  | 199,750 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends |  | — |  |  | 8,830 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,540 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11,540 | )
Issuance of common stock in connection with initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and other offering costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,100,000 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 369,603 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 369,604 |
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with initial public offering |  | (67,093,065 | ) |  | (1,343,382 | ) |  | 71,976,178 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 5,043,789 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,357,562 |  |  | (8,761 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,348,809 |
Conversion of non-voting common stock to Class A common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,069,477 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,214,943 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0 |
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,651,848 |  |  | 0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (70,082 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (70,082 | )
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of warrant |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 109,459 |  |  | 0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (173 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (173 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 488,313 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 488,313 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43 | ) |  | (43 | )
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (552,212 | ) |  | — |  |  | (552,212 | )
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | 149,274,923 |  | $ | 15 |  |  | 5,043,789 |  | $ | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (145,466 | ) | $ | (3,602 | ) | $ | 2,163,911 |  | $ | (2,061,980 | ) | $ | (94 | ) | $ | 98,251 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1.
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Company Information

Tempus AI, Inc., together with the subsidiaries through which it conducts business (the “Company”), is a healthcare technology company focused on bringing artificial intelligence and machine learning to healthcare in order to improve the care of patients across multiple diseases. The Company combines the results of laboratory tests with other multimodal datasets to improve patient care by supporting all parties in the healthcare ecosystem, including physicians, researchers, payers, and pharmaceutical companies. The Company primarily derives revenue from selling comprehensive genetic testing to physicians and large academic research institutions, licensing data to third parties, matching patients to clinical trials, and related services.

The Company, based in Chicago, Illinois, was founded by Eric P. Lefkofsky, the Company’s CEO and Executive Chairman, and evolved from a business Mr. Lefkofsky founded called Bioin. Bioin originally was established as a limited liability company. Effective September 21, 2015, Bioin converted its legal form to a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Bioin subsequently changed its legal name to Tempus Health, Inc. in September 2015, to Tempus Labs, Inc. in October 2016 and to Tempus AI, Inc. in December 2023. Effective August 7, 2025, the Company reincorporated, by conversion, from a Delaware corporation to a Nevada corporation.

Segment Information

The Company operates as one operating and reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources. The Company’s CODM evaluates financial information on a consolidated basis.

The CODM assesses performance and decides how to allocate resources based on consolidated net loss that is reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The CODM uses consolidated net loss to evaluate income generated from segment assets. Net loss is used to monitor budget versus actual results.

Outside of the expenses reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, the CODM regularly reviews personnel costs and cloud costs within selling, general, and administrative expenses, which the Company has identified as significant segment expenses.

The following summarizes the significant segment expenses reconciled to total selling, general and administrative expenses shown on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Other selling, general, and administrative expenses include facilities, professional fees, marketing, travel and entertainment, depreciation and amortization, and stock-based compensation (see Note 12).

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Selling, general and administrative payroll | $ | 69,588 |  |  | $ | 39,042 |  |  | $ | 131,015 |  |  | $ | 76,630 |
Cloud and software |  | 30,359 |  |  |  | 23,327 |  |  |  | 57,763 |  |  |  | 46,688 |
Other selling, general and administrative |  | 80,765 |  |  |  | 400,703 |  |  |  | 146,561 |  |  |  | 419,318 |
Selling, general and administrative | $ | 180,712 |  |  | $ | 463,072 |  |  | $ | 335,339 |  |  | $ | 542,636 |

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tempus AI, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial information and include the assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses of all wholly owned subsidiaries. Investments in unconsolidated entities in which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest, but has the ability to exercise significant influence, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Investments in unconsolidated entities in which the Company is not able to exercise significant influence are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Certain information and disclosures

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normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted. Accordingly, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and reflect, in management’s opinion, all the adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year or any other period.

In the opinion of the Company, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of its financial position as of June 30, 2025 and its results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2024, was derived from audited annual financial statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements.

The Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable equity securities at June 30, 2025, inclusive of the proceeds from the Offering (as defined in Note 13) received in July 2025, will be sufficient to allow the Company to fund its current operating plan through at least a period of one year from the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As the Company continues to incur losses, its transition to profitability is dependent upon a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure. Future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the timing and extent of spending on research and development activities and growth related expenditures.

Other than described in Note 4, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies described in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 that have had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Based on the aggregate market value of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2025, the Company expects to become a “large accelerated filer” and no longer qualify as an emerging growth company as of December 31, 2025.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant estimates are related to revenue, accounts receivable, stock-based compensation, operating lease liabilities, the useful lives of property, equipment and intangible assets, and the cash flows used in determining the fair value of acquired intangible assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures.” ASU 2023-09 requires additional disclosures aimed at enhancing the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on the Company's disclosures. The Company plans to adopt the guidance for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 on a prospective basis.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” ASU 2024-03 requires additional disclosures aimed at enhancing the transparency and decision usefulness of income statement expenses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 as well as interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the guidance on the related disclosures.

3.
REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company derives revenue from selling lab services (“Genomics”) to physicians, genetic counselors, academic research institutions, and other parties. The Company also derives revenue from the commercialization of data generated in the lab (“Data and services”) through the licensing of de-identified datasets to third parties and by providing clinical trial support, such as matching patients to clinical trials enrolled in its clinical trial network, and related services. The majority of the Company’s revenue is generated in North America.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The Company commences revenue recognition when control of these products is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for such products. This principle is achieved by applying the five-step approach: (i) the Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, (ii) the rights of the parties are identified, (iii) payment terms are identified, (iv) the contract has commercial substance and (v) collectability of consideration is probable. Revenues and any contract assets are not recognized until such time that the required conditions are met.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company provides disaggregation of revenue based on Genomics and Data and services on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, as it believes these best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Genomics

The Company generally recognizes revenue for its Genomics product offering when it has met its performance obligation relating to an order. The Company has determined its sole performance obligation to be the delivery of the testing results to the ordering party. The Company receives payments from Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurance for clinical orders and directly from research institutions, pharmaceutical companies or other third parties for direct bill orders. The Company recognized Genomics revenue of $241.8 million and $112.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recognized Genomics revenue of $435.6 million and $214.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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For clinical orders from Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurance, the Company determines transaction price by reducing the standard charge by the estimated effects of any variable consideration, such as contractual allowance and implicit price concessions. The Company estimates the contractual allowances and implicit price concessions based on historical collections in relation to established rates, as well as known current or anticipated reimbursement trends not reflected in the historical data. Estimates are inclusive of the consideration to which the Company will be entitled at an amount for which it is probable that a reversal of cumulative consideration will not occur. The Company monitors the estimated amount to be collected at each reporting period based on actual cash collections in order to assess whether a revision to the estimate is required. Payment is typically due after the claim has been processed by the payer, generally 30-120 days from date of service. While management believes that the estimates are accurate, actual results could differ and the potential impact on the financial statements could be significant. The Company recognized revenue for clinical orders of $221.7 million and $101.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recognized revenue for clinical orders of $403.2 million and $195.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

For direct bill orders from research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, or other third parties, the Company determines the transaction prices based on established contractual rates with the customer, net of any applicable discounts. Payment is typically due between 30 and 60 days following the date of invoice. The Company recognized Genomics revenue for direct bill orders of $20.1 million and $10.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recognized Genomics revenue for direct bill orders of $32.4 million and $19.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Data and services

Data and services revenue primarily represents data licensing and clinical trial services that the Company provides to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. The Company’s arrangements with these customers often have terms that span multiple years. However, these contracts generally also include customer opt-in or early termination clauses after twelve months without contractual penalty. The customer’s option to renew is generally not viewed as a material right, and as a result, the Company’s contract period for these agreements is generally considered less than one year. The Company determines the transaction price based on established contractual rates with the customer, net of any applicable discounts. The Company recognizes revenue for its Data and services product offering when it has met its performance obligation under the terms of the agreement with the customer. The Company’s two product offerings are as follows:

Insights

The Company’s Insights product consists primarily of licensing and analysis of de-identified records. Each Insights contract is unique and may include multiple promises, including the delivery of licensed de-identified records, including refreshes, analytical services or access to the Company’s enhanced Lens application. The Company evaluates each contract to determine which performance obligations are capable of being distinct and separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, represent distinct performance obligations. The actual timing of data deliveries can be based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the customer’s requirement and/or the Company’s technological, operational, and human capital capacity; in addition, management assesses relevant contractual terms in contracts with customers and applies significant judgment in identifying and accounting for all terms and conditions in certain contracts. The transaction price is allocated to the distinct performance obligations and revenue is recognized once the performance obligation has been fulfilled. The standalone selling prices are based on the Company’s normal pricing practices when sold separately with consideration of market conditions and other factors, including customer demographics.

The Company has determined that the delivery of de-identified records and, when applicable, analytical services, and access to its enhanced Lens application are separate and distinct performance obligations. The primary Insights contract types are as follows:

•
Data licensing on a one-time or limited duration basis – Customer licenses a specific dataset of records, and the Company accounts for individual licensed data records as a right to use license. Revenue is typically recognized upon delivery of the data to the customer, as the Company’s obligations for an individual record is complete once the data has been delivered, and the customer is able to benefit from the provision of data as it is received.
•
Multi-year data subscriptions – Customer licenses de-identified records, and the Company accounts for the service as a right to access license and one performance obligation. Revenue is recognized as access to the dataset is provided, ratably over-time, with the measure of progress time-based.
•
Analytical services and other services – Services typically involve data analysis and research performed on behalf of the customer by the Company. The resulting delivery of data, or a report addressing a series of questions and analytical results, is considered a single performance obligation. Revenue is generally recognized upon the delivery of these services, as defined by the contract.
•
Enhanced Lens application subscription services – Customer licenses access to the Company’s enhanced Lens application under a software-as-a-service model. Customers do not have the right to take possession of the Lens platform application,

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and the online software product is fully functional once a customer has access. Lens subscription revenues are recognized ratably over the contract terms beginning on the date the Company’s service is made available to the customer. For the periods presented, revenue from Lens subscription services are not material.
•
Cloud hosting services – The Company provides cloud hosting services to customers via a third party cloud infrastructure provider. Revenue is recognized as the related compute and storage costs are incurred by the customer.

The Company recognized revenue from Insights products of $57.2 million and $40.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $106.7 million and $72.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Trials

The Company’s Trials product includes TIME clinical trial matching services and other clinical trial services.

TIME consists primarily of matching patients to clinical trial sponsors of a potential match. To the extent the contract requires, the Company may also assist in opening the clinical trial site and enrolling the patient in the clinical trial. The Company has determined that, depending on the type of agreement, the performance obligation of these contracts is the delivery of a notification or the enrollment of a patient in a clinical trial. As such, revenue is recognized upon one of the following: delivery of a notification to the physician alerting them to a clinical trial match, or once a patient is enrolled in a trial. Concurrently, the customer, which is the clinical trial sponsor, also receives notification from the Company to establish the performance obligations delivered or fulfilled for the billing period.

In addition to TIME, the Company provides other clinical trial services conducting or supporting studies. Tempus Compass LLC, a subsidiary of the Company, is a contract research organization ("CRO"), which manages and executes early and late-stage clinical trials, primarily in oncology. Contracts for clinical trial services can take the form of fee-for-service or fixed-price contracts. Fee-for-service contracts are typically priced based on time and materials, and revenue is recognized based on hours and materials used as the services are provided. Fixed-price contracts generally represent a single performance obligation and are recognized over-time using a cost-based input method. Progress on the performance obligation is measured by the proportion of actual costs incurred to the total costs expected to complete the contract. This cost-based method of revenue recognition requires the Company to make estimates of costs to complete its projects on an ongoing basis. Contract costs principally include direct labor and reimbursable out-of-pocket costs.

The Company recognized revenue from Trials products of $9.8 million and $10.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $19.5 million and $21.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

For Insights and Trials arrangements, pricing is fixed and the Company may be compensated through a combination of an upfront payment and performance-based, non-refundable payments due upon completion of the stated performance obligation(s). Payment is generally due 60 to 90 days after the date of service. The Company has no significant obligations for refunds, warranties, or similar obligations for Data and services product offerings. The Company has elected the practical expedient, which allows the Company to not disclose remaining performance obligations for contracts with original terms of twelve months or less. Cancelable contracted revenue is not considered a remaining performance obligation. The Company recognized Data and other revenue from pharmaceutical companies, non-for-profits, and researchers of $72.8 million and $53.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $134.7 million and $96.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Multi-year Contract Performance Obligations

The Company has limited multi-year contracts that do not contain early termination or customer opt-in clauses. These contracts contained defined, noncancelable performance obligations that will be fulfilled in future years. The Company’s remaining performance obligations related to multi-year contracts was $390.5 million as of June 30, 2025, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately 45% as revenue over the next year, and the remaining 34% and 21% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue in years two and three, respectively.

Contract Assets

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Certain performance obligations may require payment before delivery of the service to the customer. The Company recognizes contract assets when the Company has an unconditional right to payment, and when revenues earned on a contract exceeds the billings. Contract assets are presented under accounts receivable, net. Accounts receivable as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 included contract assets of $3.1 million and $4.1 million, respectively.

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During the fourth quarter of 2021, and in conjunction with the signing of a November 2021 Master Services Agreement (“the MSA”) with customer AstraZeneca AB (“AstraZeneca”), the Company recognized a contract asset for consideration payable concurrent with the issuance of the common stock warrant in accordance with ASC 606. The contract asset was initially measured equal to the initial fair value of the warrant liability based on the authoritative guidance under FASB ASC 718 Compensation—Stock Compensation. As revenue is recognized over the period of the contractual commitment of the MSA, the associated contract asset amortization is recorded as reduction of revenue. At each reporting period, the short-term portion of the warrant asset is adjusted based on the financial commitment and reclassified to Prepaid expenses and other current assets. The warrant was terminated for no consideration on December 31, 2024.

In November 2023, the Company entered into a Commercialization and Reference Laboratory Agreement with Personalis, Inc. (“Personalis”), which was subsequently amended in August 2024. The Company will pay up to $12.0 million to Personalis over three years as certain milestones are met, $11.0 million of which has been paid as of June 30, 2025. These payments are treated as contract assets and amortized into revenue over the life of the contract. Contract asset balances are offset by deferred revenue generated from receipt of warrants for Personalis common stock (see Note 16). As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was $4.5 million and $3.0 million, respectively, of net contract assets related to this agreement recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, respectively.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of billings or cash received for services in advance of revenue recognition and is recognized as revenue when all the Company’s revenue recognition criteria are met. The deferred revenue balance is influenced primarily by upfront contractual payments from the Company’s Data and Services product offerings and timing of delivery of the Company’s de-identified licensed data and clinical test results. The portion of deferred revenue that is anticipated to be recognized as revenue during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as deferred revenue, current and any remaining portion is recorded as deferred revenue, non-current. The Company recognized $50.4 million and $39.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, that was included in the corresponding deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the periods.

4.
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Ambry

On February 3, 2025 (the "Closing Date"), the Company completed its acquisition (the "Ambry Acquisition") of Ambry Genetics Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Ambry"), pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") entered into on November 4, 2024 with Realm, IDX, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Seller") and the Seller's ultimate parent, Konica Minolta, Inc., a Japanese corporation, as guarantor.

The Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Ambry. Consideration for the acquisition consisted of $375.0 million in cash, subject to adjustment for cash, unpaid indebtedness, unpaid transaction expenses and net working capital of Ambry, plus the issuance of an aggregate of 4,843,136 shares of the Company's Class A common stock (the "Stock Consideration"). Stock Consideration was valued at $61.54 per share, which was the closing price of the Company's Class A common stock on the Closing Date. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, 2,152,505 shares issued as Stock Consideration are subject to a lock-up for a period of one year following the Closing Date. The Company was an Ambry customer prior to the acquisition and, pursuant to that preexisting relationship, owed $3.8 million to Ambry as of the Closing Date. This balance was effectively settled upon the Ambry Acquisition and was treated as a reduction to consideration transferred.

Ambry is a leader in hereditary cancer screening. The Ambry Acquisition provides the Company with expanded testing capabilities for inherited cancer risk. In addition, the Ambry Acquisition complements the Company's strategy of using data to advance clinical and scientific innovation. Ambry's extensive product offerings will allow the Company to expand into new disease categories, including pediatrics, rare disease, immunology, women's reproductive health, and cardiology.

The Company incurred $7.2 million of transaction costs related to the Ambry Acquisition, of which $1.5 million and $4.5 million were recorded within Selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively.

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The following table summarizes the allocation of the aggregate purchase price of the Ambry Acquisition (in thousands):

Assets |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 20,555 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 62,853 |
Inventory |  |  | 11,188 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 10,153 |
Total current assets |  | $ | 104,749 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 38,560 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 26,198 |
Investments and other assets |  |  | 268 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 234,000 |
Trade names |  |  | 33,000 |
Developed technology - software |  |  | 18,000 |
Developed technology - biotech |  |  | 114,000 |
Total assets acquired |  | $ | 568,775 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 199 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 28,870 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 3,008 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 1,347 |
Total current liabilities |  | $ | 33,424 |
Deferred revenue, less current portion |  |  | 1,099 |
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion |  |  | 23,259 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 46,468 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 368 |
Total liabilities assumed |  | $ | 104,618 |
Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  | $ | 464,157 |
Goodwill |  | $ | 231,186 |
Cash consideration |  | $ | 397,296 |
Stock consideration |  |  | 298,047 |
Total acquisition price |  | $ | 695,343 |

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill, which is primarily attributed to the assembled workforce of the acquired company and expected growth from the horizontal integration of Ambry's genomics testing. $0.6 million of goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets acquired consisted of customer relationships, developed technology - biotech, developed technology - software, and trade names.

The fair value of customer relationships was estimated using the multi period excess earnings method, which isolates the net earnings attributable to the asset being measured. Significant assumptions used in the valuation of customer relationships included forecasted revenue and expenses, customer attrition, and discount rate.

The fair values of developed technology - biotech, developed technology - software, and trade names were estimated using the relief from royalty method, which considers the market-based royalty a company would pay to enjoy the benefits of the trade name or technology in lieu of actual ownership of the trade name or technology. Significant assumptions used in the valuation of these assets included forecasted revenue and expenses, royalty rate, and discount rate. In addition, the valuation of developed technology assets included assumed obsolescence rates.

As described, the valuation of identifiable intangible assets acquired required various estimates and assumptions. Accordingly, the purchase price adjustments are preliminary and are subject to further adjustments as additional information becomes available and additional analyses are performed, and such further adjustments may be material. The Company's management believes the fair values recognized for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on reasonable estimates and assumptions.

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Estimated useful lives of the identifiable intangible assets acquired are as follows:

|  | Useful Life
Customer relationships |  | 7 years
Trade names |  | 7 years
Developed technology - software |  | 3 years
Developed technology - biotech |  | 5 years

The following unaudited pro forma information shows the results of the Company's operations as though the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable period, January 1, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Revenues |  | $ | 314,635 |  |  | $ | 238,817 |  |  | $ | 603,295 |  |  | $ | 395,261 |
Net loss |  |  | (41,326 | ) |  |  | (568,490 | ) |  |  | (149,723 | ) |  |  | (586,926 | )

The pro forma amounts have been calculated after applying the Company's accounting policies and adjusting the results of Ambry to reflect the additional depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to property and equipment, net and intangible assets had been applied from January 1, 2024. The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 combines the Company's financial results and the historical results of Ambry for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Included in the adjustment is a $46.2 million tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from the release of a portion of the valuation allowance attributable to estimated deferred tax liabilities as of the opening balance sheet. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations had the acquisition taken place as of the beginning of the period presented, or the results that may occur in the future.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, Ambry contributed $97.3 million in net revenue within Genomics revenue and $2.2 million of net income to the consolidated Tempus results. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, Ambry contributed $160.8 million in net revenue within Genomics revenue and $7.7 million of net income to the consolidated Tempus results.

Pursuant to ASC 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805"), the Company accounted for the Ambry Acquisition as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. The valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed has not been finalized as of June 30, 2025. While all amounts remain subject to adjustments, the areas subject to the most significant potential adjustments are intangible assets and deferred income taxes. As a result, the Company recorded preliminary estimates for the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Closing Date.

Deep 6

On March 11, 2025, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding interests of Deep 6 AI, Inc. ("Deep 6"), a Delaware corporation, that enables healthcare organizations to de-risk clinical trials, accelerate recruitment, and generate real-world evidence with speed and precision. Deep 6's AI-powered software matches patients to clinical trials by mining real-time structured and unstructured electronic medical record data across a broad ecosystem.

The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $21.1 million. The aggregate acquisition date fair value of consideration for the Deep 6 acquisition totaled $17.4 million. Consideration consisted of $4.3 million of cash and $13.1 million of Class A common stock. In accordance with the terms of the agreement, $0.8 million in equity consideration was held back and is payable within five business days of March 11, 2026. The $0.8 million holdback liability is recognized within Other current liabilities. The holdback liability is remeasured at fair value in each period following the closing within selling, general and administrative expense.

SEngine

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On October 3, 2023, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding interests of SEngine Precision Medicine LLC (“SEngine”), a Delaware limited liability company. The acquisition gives the Company access to SEngine’s meaningful organoid repository, advanced bioinformatics capabilities, and PARIS test platform.

The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $9.6 million. The aggregate acquisition date fair value of consideration for the SEngine acquisition totaled $9.9 million. Consideration consisted of $2.8 million of cash and $6.3 million of non-voting common stock. The transaction also includes contingent consideration of up to 35,000 additional shares of non-voting common stock if a liquidity event is completed prior to December 31, 2027. The contingent consideration liability is remeasured at fair value in each period following the closing within selling, general and administrative expense. In accordance with the terms of the agreement, $1.4 million in equity was held back and is payable on October 3, 2024, which is net of a net working capital adjustment less than $0.1 million. The Company issued 429 shares of non-voting common stock to the selling corporation in February 2024 related to the net working capital adjustment. In December 2024, the Company issued 19,620 shares of Class A common stock as payment of the contingent consideration. As of June 30, 2025, no other amounts are due under the contingent consideration or holdback agreements.

Mpirik

On March 8, 2023, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding interests of Mpirik, Inc. (“Mpirik”), a cardiology-focused healthcare technology company specializing in data-driven patient screening, automated care coordination, and clinical research. Mpirik’s platform adds to the Company’s existing portfolio to address the way heart disease is detected, diagnosed, and treated, further expanding Tempus’s cardiology business. The acquisition resulted in goodwill of $10.6 million. The aggregate acquisition date fair value of consideration for the Mpirik acquisition totaled $9.7 million. Consideration was made up of $4.6 million of non-voting common stock, $4.7 million of cash, and contingent consideration payable in cash with an acquisition date fair value of $0.4 million. In accordance with the terms of the agreement, $0.8 million in cash consideration and $0.3 million in equity consideration was held back and paid on March 11, 2024. In accordance with the equity consideration held back, the Company issued 8,724 shares of non-voting common stock to Mpirik shareholders in March 2024.

5.
BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Property and Equipment, Net

The following summarizes property and equipment, net as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Equipment |  | $ | 135,572 |  |  | $ | 110,011 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 60,598 |  |  |  | 46,809 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 6,936 |  |  |  | 6,633 |
Building |  |  | 1,234 |  |  |  | — |
Land |  |  | 9,850 |  |  |  | — |
Total property and equipment, gross |  |  | 214,190 |  |  |  | 163,453 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  | (121,627 | ) |  |  | (105,397 | )
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 92,563 |  |  | $ | 58,056 |

Depreciation expense on property and equipment is classified as follows in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cost of revenue, genomics |  | $ | 3,994 |  |  | $ | 3,293 |  |  | $ | 7,635 |  |  | $ | 6,674 |
Cost of revenue, data and services |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 283 |  |  |  | — |
Selling, general and administrative costs |  |  | 4,242 |  |  |  | 3,122 |  |  |  | 8,312 |  |  |  | 6,010 |
Total depreciation |  | $ | 8,347 |  |  | $ | 6,415 |  |  | $ | 16,230 |  |  | $ | 12,684 |

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Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, consist of the following (in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Accrued compensation and employee benefits |  | $ | 37,792 |  |  | $ | 24,767 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 84,543 |  |  |  | 51,147 |
Accrued employer payroll tax related to stock-based compensation |  |  | 5,823 |  |  |  | 24,439 |
Accrued cloud storage costs |  |  | 29,263 |  |  |  | 21,394 |
Interest payable |  |  | 8,482 |  |  |  | 8,660 |
Total accrued expenses |  | $ | 165,903 |  |  | $ | 130,407 |

6.
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLES

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, goodwill of $252.3 million was recorded in connection with the Ambry Acquisition and Deep 6 Acquisition. There were no goodwill additions for the three months ended June 30, 2025 or the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company recorded no impairment loss during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are initially recorded at their acquisition cost, or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination and amortized over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets consist of a website domain, customer relationships and trade names acquired as part of a business combination, and licensed data acquired by entering into research collaboration agreements. In each license arrangement, the other party provides the Company with specified data, which currently is used primarily for research and development purposes but may also be licensed to third parties. The asset represents the Company’s right to use these datasets. The Company also recognizes a liability for the associated minimum payments that are presented within accrued data licensing fees.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025 the Company recorded $5.7 million in licensed data related to de-identified data obtained through amended agreements and $2.0 million in capitalized software. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded an additional $234.0 million in customer relationships, $114.0 million in developed technology - biotech, $33.0 million in trade names, $18.0 million in developed technology - software, $5.7 million in licensed data, and $3.3 million in capitalized software. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company did no t record any additions in intangible assets.

There were no impairment charges recognized related to intangible assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following table summarizes intangible assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Gross Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net |  |  | Gross Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 254,550 |  |  | $ | 30,772 |  |  | $ | 223,778 |  |  | $ | 20,550 |  |  | $ | 15,606 |  |  | $ | 4,944 |
Licensed data |  |  | 25,718 |  |  |  | 20,248 |  |  |  | 5,470 |  |  |  | 20,010 |  |  |  | 17,828 |  |  |  | 2,182 |
Website domain |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19 |
Trade names |  |  | 41,000 |  |  |  | 5,964 |  |  |  | 35,036 |  |  |  | 8,000 |  |  |  | 3,429 |  |  |  | 4,571 |
Capitalized software |  |  | 3,295 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 3,261 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Developed technology - biotech |  |  | 114,000 |  |  |  | 9,500 |  |  |  | 104,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Developed technology - software |  |  | 18,000 |  |  |  | 2,500 |  |  |  | 15,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 456,582 |  |  | $ | 69,018 |  |  | $ | 387,564 |  |  | $ | 48,579 |  |  | $ | 36,863 |  |  | $ | 11,716 |

Amortization of intangible assets is recognized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from three to seven years. Amortization expense was $19.7 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $32.2 million and $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and is recorded

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in cost of revenues, research and development, or selling, general and administrative expense, depending on use of the asset. The weighted average life of the Company’s intangibles is approximately six years.

As of June 30, 2025, the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

7/1/2025 - 12/31/2025 | $ | 37,833 |
2026 |  | 73,953 |
2027 |  | 69,049 |
2028 |  | 63,245 |
2029 |  | 61,602 |
2030 |  | 40,534 |
Thereafter |  | 41,329 |
Total | $ | 387,545 |

7.
JOINT VENTURE

SB Tempus

On May 18, 2024, the Company entered into a Joint Venture Agreement (the "Joint Venture Agreement") with SoftBank Group Corporation ("SoftBank") to form SB Tempus Corp. (the "Joint Venture" or "SB Tempus"). The Joint Venture closed on July 18, 2024, at which time the Company and SoftBank each contributed ¥15 billion ($95.2 million). Each party received 50% of SB Tempus's outstanding capital stock and board seats. SB Tempus will engage in certain business activities in Japan similar to those conducted by the Company in the United States, including performing clinical sequencing, organizing patient data, and building a real world data business in Japan.

SB Tempus is considered a VIE as the Company does not have sufficient equity at risk and is entitled to receive residual returns of SB Tempus through its equity stake. Decisions that significantly impact the economic performance of SB Tempus require the consent of both the Company and SoftBank. Therefore, the Company concluded that neither party is deemed to have predominant control over SB Tempus, and the Company is not considered to be the primary beneficiary.

The Company's maximum exposure to loss from SB Tempus is equal to the carrying value of the Company's investment. As of June 30, 2025, the carrying value of the investment in SB Tempus was $95.7 million. The Company's share of losses from SB Tempus are recorded in Other income (expense), net.

In connection with entering into the Joint Venture Agreement, the Company entered into a Data License Agreement (the "Data License Agreement"), under which the Company granted SB Tempus a limited, non-exclusive, transferable license with a limited right to sublicense certain de-identified data for certain specified uses solely in Japan. Under the Data License Agreement, SB Tempus paid the Company ¥7.5 billion ($47.9 million) in exchange for the license to an initial records batch, which is recorded in deferred revenue and will be recognized into data and services revenue over the term of the license subscription which ends on March 31, 2026. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized $6.2 million and $12.5 million, respectively, in Data and services revenue related to the Data License Agreement.

In addition, on July 18, 2024, the Company and SB Tempus entered into an Intellectual Property Agreement (the "IP License Agreement") under which SB Tempus paid the Company an additional ¥7.5 billion ($47.9 million) in exchange for a non-exclusive license to certain of the Company's technologies for certain specified uses solely in Japan. The payment is recorded in deferred other income and will be amortized into Other income (expense), net over three years, based on the estimated time for SB Tempus' systems and technologies to diverge from the Company's. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized $4.0 million and $8.0 million, respectively, related to the IP License Agreement.

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8.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Purchase Obligations

The Company has entered into non-cancelable arrangements with third parties, primarily related to data licenses and cloud computing services. Where applicable, the Company calculates its obligation based on termination fees that can be paid to exit the contract. The data license agreements include committed payments for access to the data and additional payments contingent on the commercialization of such data. For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized data licensing and cloud computing expenses of $9.1 million and $9.8 million, respectively, related to non-cancelable arrangements. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized data licensing and cloud computing expenses of $23.3 million and $20.6 million, respectively, related to non-cancelable arrangements.

As of June 30, 2025, future payments under these contractual obligations were as follows (in thousands):

7/1/2025 - 12/31/2025 | $ | 29,264 |
2026 |  | 45,161 |
2027 |  | 33,371 |
2028 |  | 29,517 |
2029 |  | 24,225 |
2030 and thereafter |  | 2,667 |
Total purchase obligations |  | 164,205 |
Less: Current portion of purchase obligations |  | 53,646 |
Total long-term purchase obligations | $ | 110,559 |

Legal Matters

From time to time in the normal course of business, the Company may be subject to various legal matters such as threatened or pending claims or proceedings. There were no material such matters as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

9.
LEASES

The Company has entered into various non-cancelable operating lease agreements, primarily for the rent of office and lab space, with expirations at various dates through 2032. Lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease costs, which include items such as real estate taxes, common area maintenance, utilities, and storage are not included in the calculation of the right-of-use assets and are recognized as incurred.

The components of total lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Operating lease cost | $ | 2,484 |  | $ | 1,578 |  |  | $ | 4,573 |  | $ | 3,252 |
Variable lease cost |  | 1,953 |  |  | 1,475 |  |  |  | 3,598 |  |  | 2,883 |
Short-term lease costs |  | 219 |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 644 |  |  | 361 |
Sublease income |  | (45 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (89 | ) |  | (45 | )
Total lease costs | $ | 4,611 |  | $ | 3,221 |  |  | $ | 8,726 |  | $ | 6,451 |

Lease term and discount rate as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

| June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | 5.5 |  |  | 5.1 |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | 6.0 | % |  | 6.8 | %

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As of June 30, 2025, the future payments under operating leases for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):

| Operating Leases |
7/1/2025 - 12/31/2025 | $ | 6,583 |
2026 |  | 11,622 |
2027 |  | 11,839 |
2028 |  | 12,305 |
2029 |  | 8,901 |
2030 |  | 6,435 |
Thereafter |  | 7,348 |
Total minimum lease payments |  | 65,033 |
Less: Amount representing interest |  | 9,786 |
Present value of net minimum lease payments |  | 55,247 |
Less: Current portion of lease liabilities |  | 9,381 |
Total long-term lease liabilities | $ | 45,866 |

10.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

Prior to the initial public offering of our Class A common stock ("IPO"), the Company had authorized two classes of common stock, voting and non-voting. In March 2021, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to bifurcate the voting common stock into two classes, Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had authorized 200,228,024 shares of Class A common stock, 5,374,899 shares of Class B common stock, and 66,946,627 shares of non-voting common stock. In April 2024, the Company increased the number of authorized shares of Class A common stock to 204,590,500 in conjunction with the Series G-5 Preferred stock financing (see Note 11, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock). In connection with the IPO, the Restated Certificate became effective, which authorized 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, 5,500,000 shares of Class B common stock, and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock.

Class A common stock and Class B common stock are collectively referred to as “Common Stock” throughout the notes to these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements unless otherwise noted.

The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to thirty votes per share. Prior to the IPO, the Company also had shares of non-voting common stock authorized and outstanding, which were not entitled to any voting rights. Following the IPO, no shares of non-voting common stock are authorized or outstanding.

Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock.

Under the Restated Certificate, any holder’s shares of Class B common stock will convert automatically into Class A common stock, on a one-to-one basis, upon certain circumstances, including: (1) the sale or transfer of such shares of Class B common stock, other than to a “controlled entity,” which is any person or entity which, directly or indirectly, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the holder of such shares of Class B common stock; (2) the trading day that is no less than 90 days and no more than 150 days following the twenty-year anniversary of the filing of the Restated Certificate, which was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 17, 2024; (3) the date on which Mr. Lefkofsky is no longer providing services to the Company as an executive officer or member of the board of directors; and (4) the trading day that is no less than 90 days and no more than 150 days following the date that Mr. Lefkofsky and his controlled entities hold, in the aggregate, fewer than 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s capital stock (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions and recapitalizations).

Once transferred and converted into Class A common stock, the Class B common stock may not be reissued.

The Company issues stock-based awards to its employees in the form of stock options, restricted stock units, performance stock units and restricted stock, all of which have the potential to increase the outstanding shares of common stock in the future (see Note 12, Stock-Based Compensation).

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Upon any liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up, the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will be entitled to share equally, identically, and ratably in all assets remaining after the payment of any liabilities, liquidation preferences, and accrued or declared but unpaid dividends, if any, with respect to any outstanding preferred stock, unless a different treatment is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of such affected class, voting separately as a class.

Common Stock Warrant

In connection with the MSA with AstraZeneca, the Company granted AstraZeneca warrants to purchase $100 million in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an exercise price equal to the IPO price of $37.00 per share. The number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrant is 2,702,703, based on the IPO price of $37.00 per share.

The warrant was automatically cancelled and terminated for no consideration as AstraZeneca declined to extend its financial commitment before December 31, 2024. See Note 16 for further information.

On December 8, 2023, the Company issued Allen a warrant to purchase 150,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a price per share of $10.00. The warrant was issued as compensation for Allen’s assistance with the issuance of the Company’s Series G-4 preferred stock, and as such has been treated as an issuance cost and presented net of proceeds from Series G-4 preferred stock in Convertible redeemable preferred stock on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. In connection with the IPO, the Company issued 109,459 shares of Class A common stock upon the net exercise of the warrant.

11.
REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

In October 2023, the Company issued 785,245 shares of Series G-4 convertible preferred stock (“Series G-4 Preferred”) for aggregate proceeds of $45.0 million. Each share had a par value of $0.0001. Under the terms of Series G-4 Preferred, holders receive an amount equal to 5% of the per share original issue price for each share of Series G-4 Preferred (the “G-4 Special Payment”), in the event that following an IPO, the average of the last trading price on each trading day during the ten day trading period beginning on the first day of trading of the Company’s Class A common stock is less than 110% of the price per share of Class A common stock sold in the IPO. Following the Company’s IPO, the average ten day trading price was less than 110% of the price per share of Class A common stock sold in the IPO. As such, holders of Series G-4 Preferred were owed an aggregate payment of $2.3 million, which was made in July 2024.

In January 2024, the Company issued 66,465 shares of Series G-3 convertible preferred stock and 10,666 shares of Series G-4 convertible preferred stock as payment of paid-in-kind dividends.

In April 2024, the Company issued 3,489,981 shares of Series G-5 convertible preferred stock (“Series G-5 Preferred”) for aggregate proceeds of $200.0 million. Each share has a par value of $0.0001. The Company will use the proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes.

In connection with the IPO, all of the Company’s then-outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock and accrued but unpaid dividends were automatically converted into 71,976,178 shares of Class A voting common stock and 5,043,789 shares of Class B voting common stock.

12.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

2015 Stock Plan

In 2015, the Company adopted the Tempus AI, Inc. 2015 Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”), which has been amended and restated numerous times to increase the aggregate shares authorized to be issued to employees, consultants, and directors of the Company. As of December 31, 2023, there were 28,115,750 shares authorized under the 2015 Plan.

On January 18, 2023, the Company approved a two-year extension of the expiration date of RSUs for then-current employees whose RSUs would otherwise expire in 2023 or 2024. The Company accounted for the extension as a stock compensation modification, which resulted in an increase in unrecognized compensation cost of $35.3 million at the time the extension was approved and an additional $12.2 million as the extensions occurred. The RSUs approved for the two-year extension were fully vested as of the IPO date. As such, the Company recognized the full impact of the expiration extension in stock-based compensation in the three months ended June 30, 2024.

After the IPO, no further grants will be made under the 2015 Stock Plan.

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2024 Equity Incentive Plan

In February 2024, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and in April 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved, the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”), which became effective in connection with the IPO in June 2024. The 2024 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, (“ISOs”) nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSUs, restricted stock unit awards (“RSAs”), performance-based restricted stock awards (“PSUs”) and other awards. The original maximum number of shares of Class A common stock that may be issued under the 2024 Plan was 7,430,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and automatically increases on January 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2025 and continuing through and including January 1, 2034 in an amount equal to either (i) a number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “Evergreen Increase”), such that the sum of (x) the remaining number of shares available under the 2024 Plan and (y) the Evergreen Increase is equal to 5% of the total number of shares of common stock (both Class A and Class B) outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, or (ii) a lesser number of shares determined by the Company’s board of directors prior to the applicable January 1. The maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of ISOs under the 2024 Plan is 22,290,000 shares. As of June 30, 2025, there were 6,355,699 shares of the Company's Class A common stock that may be issued under the 2024 Plan.

The Company granted 1,616,377 and 1,838,670 RSUs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The Company granted 0 and 26,059 RSAs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $45.58. Stock-based compensation on these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Company recognized an immaterial amount of stock-based compensation related to the RSAs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Stock-based compensation is classified as follows in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cost of revenues, genomics |  | $ | 1,420 |  |  | $ | 11,327 |  |  | $ | 2,455 |  |  | $ | 11,327 |
Cost of revenues, data and services |  |  | 693 |  |  |  | 7,229 |  |  |  | 1,304 |  |  |  | 7,229 |
Technology research and development |  |  | 3,285 |  |  |  | 50,434 |  |  |  | 6,604 |  |  |  | 50,434 |
Research and development |  |  | 2,335 |  |  |  | 42,233 |  |  |  | 4,317 |  |  |  | 42,233 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 14,722 |  |  |  | 377,090 |  |  |  | 30,749 |  |  |  | 377,090 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 22,455 |  |  | $ | 488,313 |  |  | $ | 45,429 |  |  | $ | 488,313 |

13.
DEBT

Credit Facilities

On September 22, 2022, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Original Credit Agreement”) with Ares Capital Corporation (“Ares”) for a senior secured loan (the “Term Loan Facility”), in an original principal amount of $175.0 million, less original issue discount of $4.4 million and deferred financing fees of $2.6 million. The Original Credit Agreement was amended on April 25, 2023 to, among other things, increase the original principal amount of the Term Loan Facility by $50.0 million, less original issue discount of $1.3 million, and was further amended on October 11, 2023 to, among other things, increase the original principal amount of the Term Loan Facility by $35.0 million, less original issue discount of $0.9 million. On February 3, 2025, the Company entered into a Third Amendment Agreement (the "Third Amendment Agreement") which, among other things, provided for an additional $200.0 million tranche of senior secured term loans (the “Additional Term Loan Facility”), and together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Term Loans”) and $100.0 million in priority revolving loan commitments (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and loans thereunder, the “Revolving Loans”). The Company received $194.0 million under the Additional Term Loan Facility, which is the aggregate principal amount of $200.0 million, less original issue discount of $4.0 million and $2.0 million in legal fees paid to third parties, and $97.1 million in revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility, which is the aggregate amount of $100.0 million, less original issue discount of $2.0 million and $0.9 million in legal fees paid to third parties, the proceeds of which were used to fund the cash consideration for the Ambry Acquisition and to pay related fees. The Additional Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility mature on February 3, 2030. The Term Loan Facility matures in September 2027. The Term Loan Facility and the Additional Term Loan Facility (together, the Term Loan Facilities") and Revolving Credit Facility (together with the Term Loan Facilities, the “Credit Facilities”) are subject to quarterly interest payments for Base Rate loans and at the end of the applicable interest rate period for Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) loans. The Third Amendment Agreement was accounted for as a debt modification.

The Company has the option to convert the borrowing type to either a Base Rate Borrowing, which bears interest based on a Base Rate, defined as the greatest of the (a) the “Prime Rate” appearing the “Money Rates” section of the Wall Street Journal or another national publication selected by the Agent, (b) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (c) Term SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.00% in each instance as of such day and (d) 2.00%, or a SOFR Borrowing, which bears interest based on

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Term SOFR. Additionally, the Company may make either a paid-in-kind ("PIK") election or a Cash election. Pursuant to the Original Credit Agreement, as amended by the Third Amendment Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), through December 31, 2025, interest on the Term Loans accrues at a per annum rate as follows: (i) for any interest period for which the Company elects to pay interest in cash, the cash interest rate for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings will be the Base Rate plus 6.25% and Term SOFR plus 7.25%, respectively, and (ii) for any interest period for which the Company elects to pay interest in kind, the cash interest rate for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings will be the Base Rate plus 4% and Term SOFR plus 5%, respectively, and the PIK interest rate will be 3.25%.

From and after January 1, 2026, interest on the Term Loans accrues at a per annum rate as follows: (i) for any interest period for which the Company elects to pay interest in cash, the cash interest rate for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings will be the Base Rate plus a margin ranging from 5.75% to 6.75% and Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 6.75% to 7.75%, respectively, and (ii) for any interest period for which we elect to pay interest in kind, the cash interest rate for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings will be the Base Rate plus a margin of 4% or 4.5% and Term SOFR plus a margin of 5% or 5.5%, respectively, and the PIK interest rate will be 3.25%. The applicable margin for any interest period for which the Company elects to pay interest in cash will be based on a consolidated first lien leverage ratio and whether the Company has satisfied certain junior capital raising requirements. The applicable margin for any interest period for which the Company elects to pay interest in kind will be based on whether the Company has satisfied certain junior capital raising requirements.

Interest on the Revolving Loans accrues interest at a per annum rate equal to either, the Base Rate plus 2.75% or Term SOFR plus 3.75% At all times prior to the termination of the Revolving Credit Facility, to the extent that, on any date, the outstanding aggregate principal amount of Revolving Credit Facility is less than the greater of (x) 50.0% of the revolving commitments and (y) $50.0 million, the amount of interest payable on the Revolving Loans shall be equal to the amount of interest that would be payable had the outstanding principal amount of Revolving Loans equaled the greater of (x) 50.0% of the revolving commitments and (y) $50.0 million (the “Minimum Revolving Interest Amount”). A commitment fee will accrue on the unused amount of the Revolving Credit Facility at a per annum rate of 0.50%; provided, however, that no such fee shall accrue to the extent the Company is being charged the Minimum Revolving Interest Amount.

In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, financial and other covenants, and events of default, including but not limited to, limitations on earnout, milestone, or deferred purchase obligations, dividends on preferred stock and stock repurchases, cash investments, and acquisitions. The Company is required to maintain a minimum liquidity of at least $25 million and maintain specified amounts of consolidated revenues for the trailing twelve month period ending on the last day of each fiscal quarter. Minimum consolidated revenues shall equal either $1.0 billion for the immediately trailing twelve month period or $1.0 billion on a pro forma basis and for the fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2025 through December 31, 2025, and shall equal $1.1 billion for the fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2026 through December 31, 2026. The Credit Agreement also contains a maximum first lien leverage from and after the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027. The Company was in compliance with all covenants in the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2025.

The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of its subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the Company’s and such subsidiaries’ assets.

On June 30, 2025, in conjunction with the private offering (the “Offering”) of $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Notes”), the Company entered into a Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment Agreement”). The Fourth Amendment Agreement amended the terms of the Credit Agreement to (i) permit the Offering and the related derivative transactions and (ii) provide that the Offering satisfies the junior capital raise requirement set forth in the Credit Agreement. A failure to timely satisfy the junior capital raise requirement would have resulted in a 0.50% per annum increase in the applicable margin from and after January 1, 2026. Except as noted above, the material terms of the Credit Agreement were not amended. See Note 18, Subsequent Events for additional information regarding the Offering. The Fourth Amendment Agreement was accounted for as a debt modification.

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The original issue discount of $10.5 million and deferred financing fees of $2.6 million on the Term Loans are amortized over the term of the underlying debt and unamortized amounts have been offset against long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the unamortized original issue discount was $6.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively, and the unamortized deferred financing fees were $1.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The original issue discount of $2.0 million and deferred financing fees of $1.0 million on the Revolving Credit Facility are amortized over the term of the underlying debt and unamortized amounts are recorded in Investments and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2025, the unamortized original issue discount and deferred financing fees on the Revolving Credit Facility was $1.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

Through June 30, 2025, the Company has not made any principal repayments on the Credit Facilities. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company made $24.0 million in interest payments.

The Company recognized interest expense of $15.2 million and $27.7 million related to the Term Loans, which represented an effective interest rate of 3.2% and 5.9%, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The Company recognized interest expense of $9.2 million and $18.3 million related to the Term Loan Facility, which represented an effective interest rate of 3.4% and 6.9%, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The Company recognized interest expense of $2.0 million and $3.3 million related to the Revolving Credit Facility, which represented an effective interest rate of 2.0% and 3.3% during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively.

Convertible Promissory Note

On February 22, 2025, the Company amended its convertible promissory note (the "Second Amended Note") with Google LLC ("Google"), originally entered into on June 22, 2020 (the "Note"), and subsequently amended on November 19, 2020 (the "Amended Note"). The amendment extended the maturity date of the Second Amended Note from March 22, 2026 to December 31, 2030. In addition, the amendment provides the Company the option upon maturity to repay up to 50% of the outstanding principal and accrued interest balance (the "Outstanding Amount") in shares of the Company's Class A common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (1) the Outstanding Amount on the maturity date, by (2) the average of the last trading price on each trading day during the twenty day period ending immediately prior to the maturity date.

The amendment was accounted for as a modification. The principal balance of the Second Amended Note was reset to $238.8 million, which is the total of the then-outstanding principal and accrued interest. Consistent with the terms of the Amended Note, the Second Amended Note bears interest at a rate of 6.0% per annum, compounded annually. The principal amount is automatically reduced each year based on a formula taking into account the aggregate value of the Google Cloud Platform services used by the Company. The Company accounts for the principal reductions as an offset to its cloud and compute spend within selling, general and administrative in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Outstanding Amount under the Second Amended Note is due and payable on the earlier of (1) December 31, 2030, which is the maturity date of the Amended Note, (2) upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, and (3) upon the occurrence of an acceleration event, which includes any termination by the Company of its Google Cloud Platform agreement. The Company generally may not prepay the Outstanding Amount, except that the Company may, at its option, prepay the Outstanding Amount in an amount such that the principal amount remaining outstanding after such repayment is $150.0 million.

The Company recognized interest expense of $3.6 million and $3.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recognized interest expense of $7.1 million and $7.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Accrued interest on the Second Amended Note is recorded as Interest Payable within Other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

14.
NET LOSS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of Common Stock each period. The Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock share equally in distributed and undistributed earnings; therefore, no allocation to participating securities or dilutive securities is performed. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by giving effect to all potential dilutive Common Stock equivalents, which includes stock options, RSUs, RSAs, PSUs, and preferred stock. Because the Company incurred net losses each period, the basic and diluted calculations are the same. The Company used the if-converted method to calculate diluted EPS. As the Company had net losses in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is anti-dilutive.

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The following table presents the calculation for basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (42,843 | ) |  | $ | (552,212 | ) |  | $ | (110,880 | ) |  | $ | (616,955 | )
Dividends on Series A, B, B-1, B-2, C, D, E, F, G, G-3, and G-4 preferred shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,540 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (39,347 | )
Cumulative undeclared dividends on Series C preferred shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | (668 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,174 | )
Net loss attributable to common stockholders |  | $ | (42,843 | ) |  | $ | (564,420 | ) |  | $ | (110,880 | ) |  | $ | (657,476 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  | 173,381 |  |  |  | 82,325 |  |  |  | 171,960 |  |  |  | 72,930 |
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.25 | ) |  | $ | (6.86 | ) |  | $ | (0.64 | ) |  | $ | (9.02 | )

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for each period, as the impact of including them would have been anti-dilutive. As disclosed in Note 10, the Company issued a warrant for $100 million in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. As per the terms of the warrant, potentially dilutive shares are based on the latest equity financing price. The warrant was terminated for no consideration on December 31, 2024.

|  | As of June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Stock options outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | 210,000 |
Astrazeneca warrant |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,702,703 |
Deep 6 holdback liability |  |  | 17,372 |  |  |  | — |
SEngine holdback liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,007 |
Unvested RSUs |  |  | 6,670,364 |  |  |  | 6,683,129 |
Unvested RSAs |  |  | 23,887 |  |  |  | — |
SEngine contingent consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35,000 |
Total potentially dilutive shares |  |  | 6,711,623 |  |  |  | 9,671,839 |

As disclosed in Note 12, the RSUs issued prior to the IPO include a liquidity event performance condition prior to vesting. As the liquidity event performance condition was satisfied upon completion of the IPO, as of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, these shares are included in potentially dilutive shares.

As disclosed in Note 13, the Second Amended Note may be fully converted to shares upon maturity at the holder’s option, or up to 50% may be converted to shares upon maturity at the Company's option. The number of shares to be issued is based on the amount outstanding at the maturity date, which is subject to reduction based on services used by us prior to the maturity date. As such, these are treated as contingently issuable shares and will be excluded from potential dilutive impact.

15.
INCOME TAXES

Accounting for income taxes for interim periods generally requires the provision for income taxes to be determined by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to income or loss before income taxes, adjusted for discrete items, if any, for the reporting period. The Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate each quarter and makes a cumulative adjustment in such period.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.2 million and income tax benefit of $46.0 million, respectively. This benefit is the result of a discrete tax benefit of $46.2 million recorded from the release of a portion of the valuation allowance attributable to a preliminary estimate of $46.2 million net deferred tax liabilities recorded on Ambry's opening balance sheet which offset certain net deferred tax assets of the Company. Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was not material.

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Due to the Company’s history of losses in the United States, a full valuation allowance on all of the Company’s deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards and other book versus tax differences, was maintained.

The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 differs from the statutory federal income tax rate primarily due to the discrete tax benefit recognized from the reduction of the valuation allowance as a result of the Ambry Acquisition during the quarter.

The Company will continue to evaluate the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis and adjust the valuation allowance as necessary based on the weight of available evidence.

16.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, finance lease obligations, minimum royalties, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying amounts of the related party receivable, finance lease obligations, and minimum royalties approximate fair value because the interest rates used fluctuate with market interest rates or the fixed rates are based on current rates offered to the Company for debt with similar terms and maturities.

The valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their classification in the valuation hierarchy are summarized below:

Marketable equity securities—The Company holds marketable equity securities, all of which are publicly traded shares of common stock, which have quoted prices in active markets and are classified as short-term. The securities are measured at fair value each reporting period. The Company classifies the marketable equity securities as Level 1 as they are valued using quoted market prices at each reporting period.

Contingent consideration—The Company is also subject to a contingent consideration arrangement of 35,000 additional shares of non-voting common stock in connection with the SEngine acquisition, the amount of which is determined based on the per share price of the Company’s non-voting common stock in a liquidity event completed prior to December 31, 2027. The contingent consideration has an acquisition fair value date of $0.8 million. See Note 4, Business Combinations for further discussion of that acquisition.

Liabilities for contingent consideration are measured at fair value each reporting period, with the acquisition date fair value included as part of the consideration transferred in the related business combination and subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings within operating expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company used a risk-neutral simulation model and option pricing framework to value the contingent consideration. Prior to the IPO, the Company classified the contingent consideration liabilities as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs such as probability-weighting of payment outcomes. Subsequent to the IPO completed in June 2024, the Company classified the contingent consideration arrangement of up to 35,000 additional shares of non-voting common stock as Level 1 as the shares are valued using a quoted market price.

Holdback liability—The Company held back 17,372 shares in connection with the Deep 6 acquisition. See Note 4, Business Combinations for further discussion of that acquisition.

Holdback liabilities are measured at fair value each reporting period, with the acquisition date fair value included as part of the consideration transferred in the related business combination and subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings within operating expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company classified the holdback liability as Level 1 as the shares are valued using a quoted market price.

Warrant liability—As discussed in Note 10, the Company issued a $100 million warrant to AstraZeneca. The warrant liability is measured at fair value each reporting period, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company classifies the warrant liability as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs such as the expected term. The warrant was terminated for no consideration on December 31, 2024.

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The Credit Facilities and the Second Amended Note were not recorded at fair value. The fair values of the Credit Facilities and the Second Amended Note approximated their carrying values as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Estimates of the fair values of the Credit Facilities and the Second Amended Note are classified as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs.

The following tables summarize assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using |
|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | Quoted Price in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable equity securities |  | $ | 104,996 |  |  | $ | 104,996 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Holdback liability |  |  | 1,104 |  |  |  | 1,104 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using |
|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | Quoted Price in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable equity securities |  | $ | 107,309 |  |  | $ | 107,309 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company did no t recognize any gain or loss due to a change in fair value for assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized a gain of $1.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively, in Other income (expense), net due to the change in fair value of the warrant liability determined by Level 3 valuation techniques.

Marketable Equity Securities

The Company holds marketable equity securities, which are all publicly traded shares of Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Recursion") Class A common stock and Personalis common stock.

Recursion shares of Class A common stock were received as payment of accounts receivable. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company did no t sell any shares of Recursion Class A common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company sold 737,466 shares of Recursion Class A common stock at a weighted average price of $11.28 per share for aggregate proceeds of $8.3 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company sold 1,725,902 shares of Recursion Class A common stock at a weighted average price of $13.38 for aggregate proceeds of $23.1 million.

As consideration for the Company's obligations to Personalis under the Commercialization and Reference Laboratory Agreement entered into with Personalis in November 2023, Personalis issued warrants to the Company to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,218,800 shares of Personalis' common stock, up to 4,609,400 of which were exercisable for cash at any time prior to December 31, 2024 at an exercise price of $1.50 per share, and up to 4,609,400 of which were exercisable for cash at any time prior to December 31, 2025 at an exercise price of $2.50 per share. In August 2024, the Company exercised the warrants in full at their respective exercise prices for an aggregate of 9,218,800 shares of Personalis common stock at an aggregate purchase price of $18.4 million. Concurrently, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement with Personalis, pursuant to which the Company purchased an additional 3,500,000 shares of Personalis common stock for $17.7 million. The Company owns less than 20% of Personalis' outstanding common stock and has no significant influence or control over Personalis.

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Changes in fair value of marketable equity securities are recorded in earnings within Other income (expense), net on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The following summarizes the portion of unrealized gains and losses recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 that relate to marketable equity securities held as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands).

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net (gain) loss during the period on marketable equity securities |  | $ | (37,812 | ) |  | $ | 3,705 |  |  | $ | (6,007 | ) |  | $ | (2,541 | )
Less: Net gain recognized during the period on marketable equity securities sold during the period |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,264 | ) |  |  | (6,081 | )
Unrealized (gain) loss recognized during the period on marketable equity securities still held at the reporting date |  | $ | (37,812 | ) |  | $ | 3,705 |  |  | $ | (2,743 | ) |  | $ | 3,540 |

17.
RELATED PARTIES

In 2018, the Company received $1.5 million from a related party for assuming an office lease from such party. The liability is amortized through the right-of-use asset as a reduction of rent expense over the lease term. The Company had a remaining related liability of $0.5 million and $0.6 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company subleases a portion of office space to this related party on a month-to-month basis. Sublease income received from the related party was insignificant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Strategic Investment

The Company's Founder and Chief Executive Officer is a co-founder and serves as Executive Chairman of the board of Pathos AI, Inc. ("Pathos"). On August 19, 2021, the Company entered into a Master Agreement with Pathos, which was subsequently amended on February 12, 2024 (as amended, the "Amended and Restated Master Agreement"), for the purpose of furthering the commercialization efforts of drug development. In connection therewith, the Company received a warrant to purchase 23,456,790 shares, or approximately 15% of the then current outstanding equity in Pathos, for $0.0125 per share. The warrant will automatically exercise upon a change of control (as defined therein) or upon an IPO of Pathos’ securities. The Company also has an optional exercise election window during the last 10 days of the 20 year term of the warrant agreement. The Amended and Restated Master Agreement provides for an initial term of five years, measured from February 2024, with a subsequent five-year renewal provision unless the agreement is terminated. Either party may terminate the agreement after the initial five-year term by prior written notice to the other party.

On April 17, 2025, the Company entered into an Order Form (the "Order Form") regarding both the development of a foundation large multimodal model in the field of oncology (the “Foundation Model”) and the licensing of certain de-identified multi-modal data to assist in the development of the Foundation Model, with Pathos under the Amended and Restated Master Agreement (the Amended and Restated Master Agreement and the Order Form collectively referred to herein as the “Pathos Master Agreement”). Pursuant to the Pathos Master Agreement, (i) Pathos will be responsible for Foundation Model development activities under the Statement of Work with AstraZeneca under the Master Services Agreement, dated November 17, 2021 between the Company and AstraZeneca, as amended form time to time (the Master Services Agreement and the Statement of Work are collectively referred to herein as the “MSA”), (ii) the Company will license Pathos a comprehensive de-identified multi-modal dataset for the sole purpose of assisting in the development and training of the Foundation Model under the MSA, (iii) Pathos will pay the Company data license fees of $200 million over a three-year period, including an upfront payment of $50 million paid as of April 2025, (iv) the Company will provide a secure cloud environment to host the Foundation Model, for which Pathos will pay the Company the first $60 million of cloud compute costs, (v) the Company will receive a license to use the Foundation Model upon its completion (with certain field restrictions and the right of sublicense to AstraZeneca), and (vi) in consideration of Pathos’ commitments under the Pathos Master Agreement, the Company will pay Pathos $35 million. Pathos, in its sole discretion, may pay up to 50% of the data license fees owed to the Company in shares of Pathos’ Series D Preferred Stock.

The Company has entered into various agreements with Pathos, encompassing the development of the Foundation Model, access to the Company's Lens product, sequencing, clinical research organization and other data services. The Company has recognized $15.9 million and $0.1 million of revenue from Pathos for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company has recognized $16.5 million and $0.2 million of revenue from Pathos for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount due to related parties was $25.0 million and $0, respectively. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount due from related parties was $2.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2025, related party asset and related party asset, less current portion were $2.5 million and $22.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the related party asset and related party asset, less current portion were both $0. The related party asset represents future services to be provided by Pathos under the Pathos Master Agreement.

As of June 30, 2025, deferred revenue and deferred revenue, less current portion includes $36.7 million and $0 million of related party deferred revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, there was no related party deferred revenue.

18.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Convertible Senior Notes

On July 3, 2025, the Company completed the Offering of $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030, including the exercise in full of the initial purchasers’ over-allotment option to purchase up to an additional $100.0 million principal amount of the Notes.

The Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company and will mature on July 15, 2030, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. Interest on the Notes will accrue at a rate of 0.75% per year from July 3, 2025 and will be payable semiannually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2026. The Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 15, 2030, only upon satisfaction of one or more of the following conditions: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on September 30, 2025 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock, for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for the Notes on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock and the conversion rate for the Notes on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls such Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date, but only with respect to the Notes called for redemption; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after April 15, 2030, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their Notes at their option at any time, regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock, at the Company’s election.

The conversion rate for the Notes will initially be 11.8778 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $84.19 per share of Class A common stock. The conversion rate for the Notes is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption in respect of the Notes, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate of the Notes for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with a corporate event or convert its Notes called for redemption during the related redemption period.

The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to July 20, 2028. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes, at its option, on or after July 20, 2028, if the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price for the Notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the redemption date. If the Company redeems less than all the outstanding Notes, at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes must be outstanding and not subject to redemption, as of, and after giving effect to, delivery of the relevant notice of redemption. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

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Capped Call Transactions

In connection with the pricing of the Notes on June 30, 2025, and in connection with the exercise in full by the initial purchasers of their over-allotment option to purchase additional Notes on July 1, 2025, the Company entered into capped call transactions (the "Capped Call"), effective as of July 3, 2025, with one of the initial purchasers and certain other financial institutions. The Capped Call is expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Class A common stock upon any conversion of the Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on a cap price initially equal to $111.1950 per share and is subject to certain adjustments.

Proceeds

The Company's net proceeds from the Offering were approximately $725.9 million, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the Offering to repay $293.5 million of the Term Loan Facilities, which includes repayment of the principal, accrued interest, and prepayment premium. The repayment results in a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $18.5 million. Additionally, the Company paid approximately $41.8 million cost of the Capped Call. The Company expects to use the remaining net proceeds from the Offering for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions or strategic investments in complementary businesses or technologies, working capital, operating expenses, capital expenditures and repayment of additional indebtedness.

Leases

On August 1, 2025 (the "Commencement Date"), the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space located in New York, New York. The term of the lease agreement is for 120 months, with rent payments commencing on November 1, 2026 (the "Rent Commencement Date") and ending on October 31, 2036. The Company expects total rent payments to equal approximately $35.0 million over the lease term.

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “Act”) was enacted into law in the U.S. The Act includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. We are currently assessing its impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

At the Market Sales Agreement

On August 8, 2025, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Morgan Stanley & Co., LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., TD Securities (USA), LLC and Allen & Company LLC, as sales agents (collectively, the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell from time to time, at its option, shares of Class A common stock through the Sales Agents. The issuance and sale, if any, of shares of Class A Common Stock under the Sales Agreement will be made pursuant to an automatically effective registration statement on Form S-3 and the related prospectus included therein (the “ATM Prospectus”), in each case to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, under the ATM Prospectus, the Company may offer and sell shares of Class A common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $500.0 million from time to time through the Sales Agents.

Grants of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units

On August 7, 2025, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors approved grants of 2,569,600 PSUs under the 2024 Plan. The PSUs can be earned based on the satisfaction of certain performance-based vesting conditions during three overlapping performance periods—calendar year 2025, calendar years 2025 and 2026, and calendar years 2025, 2026 and 2027—and service-based vesting conditions following each of the performance periods.

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NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will” or “would” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions. These forward- looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

•
the evolving treatment paradigm for cancer, including physicians’ use of molecular data and targeted oncology therapeutics and the market size for our current and future products;
•
our ability to expand our business beyond oncology into new disease areas;
•
estimates of our addressable market and our expectations regarding our revenue, expenses, capital requirements and operating results;
•
our ability to develop new products and services, including our goals and strategy regarding development and commercialization of AI Applications;
•
our ability to maintain and grow our datasets, including in new disease areas and geographies;
•
any expectation that the growth of our datasets will improve the quality of our products and services and accelerate their adoption;
•
our ability to capture, aggregate, analyze or otherwise utilize genomic data in new ways and in additional diagnostic modalities;
•
any expectation that we will continue to commercialize de-identified records and license them to multiple customers;
•
the acceptance of our publications in peer-reviewed journals or of our presentations at scientific and medical conference presentations;
•
the implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our products, technologies and businesses;
•
competitive companies and technologies and our industry;
•
the potential of Intelligent Diagnostics to be disruptive across a broad set of disease areas and the clinical trial process;
•
our ability to manage and grow our business by expanding our sales to existing customers or introducing our products to new customers;
•
the impact of macroeconomic conditions, including new and potential tariffs, on us and our customers;
•
third-party payer reimbursement and coverage decisions, including our strategy to increase reimbursement;
•
our ability to establish and maintain intellectual property protection for our products or avoid claims of infringement;
•
potential effects of evolving and/or extensive government regulation;
•
the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals;
•
our ability to hire and retain key personnel;
•
our ability to expand internationally, including through our joint venture, SB Tempus, in Japan;
•
our ability to successfully acquire businesses, form joint ventures or make investments in companies or technologies, including our ability to realize the expected benefits of our acquisitions of Ambry Genetics Corporation and Deep 6 AI, Inc;
•
our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, including our trade secret protected proprietary rights in our platform;
•
our ability to service or pay down existing or future debt obligations;
•
the outcome of pending or threatened litigation;
•
our anticipated cash needs and our needs for additional financing; and
•
anticipated trends and challenges in our business and the markets in which we operate.

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You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and operating results. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. And while we believe that information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the discussion under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 . Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis, including information with respect to our planned investments in our sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative functions, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the sections titled “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for a discussion of forward- looking statements and important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Overview

Tempus is a technology company focused on healthcare that straddles two converging worlds. We strive to combine deep healthcare expertise, providing next-generation diagnostics across multiple disease areas, with leading technology capabilities, harnessing the power of data and analytics to help personalize medicine. We endeavor to unlock the true power of precision medicine by creating Intelligent Diagnostics through the practical application of artificial intelligence, or AI, in healthcare. Intelligent Diagnostics use AI, including generative AI, to make laboratory tests more accurate, tailored, and personal. Unlike traditional diagnostic labs, we can incorporate unique patient information, such as clinical, molecular, and imaging data, with the goal of making our tests more intelligent and our results more insightful. Unlike other technology companies, we are deeply rooted in clinical care delivery as one of the largest sequencers of cancer patients, and patients with other diseases, in the United States. Straddling both worlds is advantageous as we believe Intelligent Diagnostics represent the future of precision medicine, informing more personalized and data-driven therapy selection and development. We believe their adoption could empower physicians to deliver better care and researchers to develop more precise therapies, with the potential to save millions of lives.

In order to bring AI to healthcare at scale, we believe the foundation of how data flows throughout the ecosystem needs to be rebuilt. We established new data pipes, going to and from providers, to allow for the free exchange of data between physicians, who interpret data, and diagnostic and life science companies, who provide data, integrating relevant clinical data, such as outcomes, or adverse events, which are essential for many clinical decisions. Without this capability, we believe that data would continue to accumulate without impacting patient care. To accomplish this, we built both a technology platform to free healthcare data from silos and an operating system to make this data useful, the combination of which we refer to as our Platform. Our Platform connects multiple stakeholders within the larger healthcare ecosystem, often in real time, to assemble and integrate the data we collect, thereby providing an opportunity for physicians to make data-driven decisions in the clinic and for researchers to discover and develop therapeutics. We aim to help physicians find the best therapies for their patients, help pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies make the best drugs possible, and enable patients to access emerging therapies and clinical trials when appropriate.

We currently offer three product lines: Genomics, Data and AI Applications. Each product line is designed to enable and enhance the others, thereby creating network effects in each of the markets in which we operate. We are able to commercialize records multiple times, both at the time a test is run and thereafter. Our Genomics product line leverages our state-of-the-art laboratories to provide next generation sequencing, or NGS diagnostics, polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, profiling, molecular genotyping and other anatomic and molecular pathology testing to healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, researchers, and other third parties. The data generated in our lab or ingested into our platform as part of the Genomics product line is structured and de-identified, prior to commercialization. This de-identified database is then commercialized to our pharmaceutical and biotechnology partners to facilitate drug discovery and development through two primary Data and Services products, Insights and Trials. Our third product line, AI Applications, is focused on developing and providing diagnostics that are algorithmic in nature, implementing new software as a medical device, and building and deploying clinical decision support tools.

We primarily operate in the United States and generated total revenue of $314.6 million and $166.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $570.4 million and $311.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We also incurred net losses of $42.8 million and $552.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $110.9 million and $617.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We generated adjusted EBITDA of $(5.6) million and $(31.2) million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $(21.8) million and $(75.1) million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance

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with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP, and for additional information about adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measure."

Convertible Senior Notes

On July 3, 2025, we completed a private offering, or the Offering, of $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030, or the Notes, including the exercise in full of the initial purchasers’ over-allotment option to purchase up to an additional $100.0 million principal amount of the Notes. The Notes are our general unsecured obligations and will mature on July 15, 2030, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. Interest on the Notes will accrue at a rate of 0.75% per year from July 3, 2025 and will be payable semiannually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2026. Refer to Note 18 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information regarding the issuance and terms of the Notes and the Capped Call transaction (as defined in “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Senior Convertible Notes”).

Our net proceeds from the Offering were approximately $725.9 million, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. We used a portion of the net proceeds from the Offering to repay $293.5 million of the Term Loan Facilities (as defined in “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Facilities”), which includes repayment of the principal, accrued interest, and prepayment premium and to pay approximately $41.8 million cost of the Capped Call. We expect to use the remaining net proceeds from the Offering for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions or strategic investments in complementary businesses or technologies, working capital, operating expenses, capital expenditures and repayment of additional indebtedness.

Acquisition of Ambry Genetics Corporation

On February 3, 2025, or the Closing Date, we completed our acquisition, or the Ambry Acquisition, of Ambry Genetics Corporation, a Delaware corporation, or Ambry, pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, entered into on November 4, 2024 with REALM IDx, Inc., a Delaware corporation, or the Seller, and the Seller’s ultimate parent, Konica Minolta, Inc., a Japanese corporation, as guarantor. We acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Ambry. Consideration for the acquisition consisted of $375.0 million in cash, subject to adjustment for cash, unpaid indebtedness, unpaid transaction expenses and net working capital of Ambry, or the Cash Consideration, plus the issuance of an aggregate of 4,843,136 shares of our Class A common stock, or the Stock Consideration. The Stock Consideration was valued at $61.54 per share, which was the closing price of our Class A common stock on the Closing Date. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, 2,152,505 shares issued as Stock Consideration are subject to a lock-up for a period of one year following the Closing Date. In addition, $5.0 million of the Cash Consideration are held in an escrow account for purposes of satisfying any post-closing purchase price adjustments.

In connection with the closing of the acquisition, we entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement (as defined in “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Facilities”), providing for an additional $200.0 million in senior secured term loans, or the Additional Term Loan Facility, and $100.0 million in senior secured revolving loan commitments, or the Revolving Credit Facility. We utilized borrowings under the Additional Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility to fund the Cash Consideration for the acquisition and to pay fees and expenses related thereto.

Strategic Collaborations

AstraZeneca and Pathos

In April 2025, we entered into a series of agreements with AstraZeneca AB, or AstraZeneca, and Pathos regarding both the development of a foundation large multimodal model in the field of oncology, or the Foundation Model, and the licensing of certain de-identified multi-modal data to assist in the development of the Foundation Model.

Specifically, we entered into a Statement of Work with AstraZeneca under the previously disclosed Master Services Agreement, dated November 17, 2021, as amended in October 2022, February 2023 and December 2023 (and as further amended from time to time, together with the Statement of Work, collectively referred to herein as the MSA). Pursuant to the MSA, (i) we will ensure that Pathos develops, and we provide AstraZeneca with, a Foundation Model which has been developed, validated, and maintained using de-identified datasets contributed by us, (ii) the Foundation Model will be developed, validated, and maintained by Pathos, (iii) AstraZeneca will pay us a fee of $35 million, and (iv) a syndicate of investors including AstraZeneca will contemporaneously execute a Stock Purchase Agreement with Pathos, or the SPA, as part of a preferred stock financing round of sufficient size given the obligations described herein.

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We also entered into an Order Form with Pathos under the previously disclosed Amended and Restated Master Agreement, restated effective February 12, 2024, (the Amended and Restated Master Agreement and the Order Form collectively referred to herein as the “Pathos Master Agreement”). Pursuant to the Pathos Master Agreement, (i) Pathos will be responsible for Foundation Model development activities under the MSA, (ii) we will license Pathos a comprehensive de-identified multi-modal dataset for the sole purpose of assisting in the development and training of the Foundation Model under the MSA, (iii) Pathos will pay us data license fees of $200 million over a three-year period, including an upfront payment of $50 million that has been paid as of April 2025 (iv) we will receive a license to use the Foundation Model upon its completion (with certain field restrictions and the right of sublicense to AstraZeneca), and (v) in consideration of Pathos’ commitments under the Pathos Master Agreement, we will pay Pathos $35 million. Pathos, in its sole discretion, may pay up to 50% of the data license fees owed to us in shares of Pathos’ Series D Preferred Stock.

AstraZeneca

As previously disclosed, in November 2021, we entered into the MSA with AstraZeneca. Under the MSA, we agreed, on a non-exclusive basis, to provide AstraZeneca with certain of our products and services, including licensed data, sequencing, clinical trial matching, organoid modeling services, algorithm development, and others. In exchange for certain discounted prices, AstraZeneca has committed to spend a minimum of $220 million on such products and services during the term of the MSA. The term of the MSA will continue through December 31, 2026, unless terminated sooner. The minimum commitment may increase from $220 million to $320 million through December 2028 at AstraZeneca's election.

GlaxoSmithKline

In August 2022, we entered into a Strategic Collaboration Agreement, or, as amended in May 2024, the GSK Agreement, with GlaxoSmithKline, or GSK. Under the GSK Agreement, we agreed, on a non-exclusive basis, to provide GSK with certain of our products and services, including licensed data, sequencing, clinical trial matching, organoid modeling services, algorithm development, and others. In exchange for certain discounted prices, GSK has committed to spend a minimum of $180 million on such products and services during the term of the GSK Agreement, of which $70 million was paid upon execution. The term of the GSK Agreement will continue through December 31, 2027, unless terminated sooner. An additional commitment of up to $120 million may be triggered at GSK’s election for the years 2028, 2029 and 2030.

Recursion Master Agreement

In November 2023, we entered into a Master Agreement, or the Recursion Agreement, with Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Recursion. Under the Recursion Agreement, we agreed to provide certain of our services and to license certain data to Recursion, including a limited right to access our proprietary database of de-identified clinical and molecular data for certain therapeutic product development purposes. In exchange for these rights, Recursion will pay an initial license fee of $22 million and an annual license fee throughout the term of the agreement, which, together with the initial license fee, totals up to $160 million. The term of the Recursion Agreement will continue through November 3, 2028, unless terminated sooner. In addition to mutual rights to terminate for an uncured breach of the Recursion Agreement, Recursion may terminate the agreement for convenience after three years upon 90 days prior notice, subject to payment by Recursion of an early termination fee.

The initial license fee and each annual license fee are payable at Recursion’s option either in the form of (x) cash, (y) shares of Recursion’s Class A common stock, or (z) a combination of cash and shares of Recursion’s Class A common stock in such proportion as is determined by Recursion in its sole discretion; provided that the aggregate number of shares of Recursion’s Class A common stock to be issued to us under the Recursion Agreement shall not exceed 19.9% of the aggregate total of shares of Recursion Class A common stock and Class B common stock outstanding on November 3, 2023, or the date immediately preceding the date any shares of Class A common stock are issued pursuant to the Recursion Agreement, whichever is less. We have customary registration rights with respect to any shares of Recursion’s Class A common stock issued pursuant to the Recursion Agreement.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe there are several important factors that have impacted and that we expect will impact our operating performance and results of operations. While each of these areas presents significant opportunities for us, they also pose significant risks and challenges that we must address.

Research and Development and New Products

We expect to maintain high levels of investment in product innovation over the coming years as we continue to develop new laboratory assays, develop algorithms, and expand our Platform into new disease areas. These investments will include laboratory

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costs incurred in validating new or improving current assays, licensing of data sets to accelerate our efforts in new diseases, and development and validation costs for new Algos products. We invested $41.6 million and $68.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $77.5 million and $92.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 respectively, in research and development. Our ability to develop new products, obtain regulatory approvals when required, launch them into the market, and drive adoption of these products by our customers will continue to play a key role in our results.

Customer Acquisition and Expansion

To grow our business requires both identifying new customers and expanding our partnerships with existing ones across each of our product lines. For Genomics, this entails our field salesforce developing relationships with individual physicians, genetic counselors, and hospital systems, demonstrating the power our Platform has in enabling them to provide personalized care to their patients. For Data, this entails our pharmaceutical business development teams demonstrating the power our Platform and database have in enabling drug discovery, development and clinical trial matching for our pharmaceutical partners. For AI Applications, this entails demonstrating the utility of these algorithms in a clinical setting. Since our inception, our offerings have been used by more than 8,000 physicians and we have worked with over 200 biotech companies, as well as 19 of the 20 largest public pharmaceutical companies based on 2024 revenue, albeit with many we are still at an early stage of adoption. Our financial performance relies heavily on our ability to add customers to our Platform and expand the relationships with our current customers through adoption of our new products.

Investments in Technology

Technology is at the core of everything we do. From receiving orders and ingesting data through our various provider integrations to delivering test results and access to our analytical platform, our Platform plays a key role in driving our business. We will continue to make significant investments in our Platform to continually improve our user experience and allow us to generate, ingest and structure data more efficiently as we expand our offerings. We invested $34.5 million and $77.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $67.9 million and $105.0 million, in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, in technology. We expect to maintain high levels of investment in our technology over the coming years as we continue to develop new features to support our current and future business needs. Our ability to execute on the development of such technology will continue to play a key factor in our results. In addition, the announcement of substantial new tariffs and other restrictive trade policies, to the extent such current and future tariffs apply to hardware, networking infrastructure or other technology infrastructure used by us or our third-party vendors, could raise costs, constrain supply or affect service reliability.

Payer Coverage and Reimbursement

Our financial performance relies heavily on our ability to secure reimbursement from payers and government health benefits programs. A substantial majority of the genomic testing we perform is clinical in nature. We typically receive reimbursement for these tests from commercial payers and from government health benefits programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. The amount of payment we receive varies widely and depends on a variety of factors, including the payer, the assay run, and other characteristics about the patient. As of December 31, 2024, we had received payment on approximately 55% of our clinical oncology NGS tests across all payers performed from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2023. We calculated this metric on a trailing basis based on payer adjudication timing. However, we continued to perform our NGS tests through December 31, 2024. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our average reimbursement for NGS tests in oncology was approximately $1,510 and $1,450, respectively. We will continue to invest significantly in various efforts aimed at improving our average reimbursement, including performing clinical studies to generate evidence of clinical utility, seeking regulatory approval for our tests, and opening additional lab locations. Any changes to medical policies impacting how our tests are reimbursed could have a significant impact on our results.

Macroeconomic Conditions

A significant portion of our current Data and services products sales are to customers in the life sciences industry, in particular the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Demand for our Data and services products could be affected by factors that adversely affect the life sciences industry, including macroeconomic and market conditions that may adversely impact earlier stage biotechnology companies such as substantial new tariffs and other restrictive trade policies.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We currently primarily derive our revenue from two product lines: (1) Genomics and (2) Data and services.

Genomics

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Genomics primarily includes revenue from Oncology testing (legacy Tempus) and Hereditary testing (legacy Ambry Genetics). Oncology testing includes revenue from diagnostics, PCR profiling, and other anatomic and molecular pathology testing to oncologists, pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, researchers, and other third parties. Hereditary testing includes revenue from inherited cancer risk, whole exome and genome profiling for rare conditions, and all other inherited screening testing primarily to genetic counselors.

Data and Services

Data and services primarily includes revenue from de-identified data generated through our Genomics product line to our pharmaceutical and biotechnology partners for use in their drug development efforts. These transactions consist of data licensing agreements, AI-enabled clinical trial matching, and analytical services. Our Data revenue is typically back-weighted towards the second half of the year based on the budgeting cycles of our customers. We currently report our AI Applications revenue within this line item as it is immaterial.

Cost and Operating Expenses

We incur costs to generate revenue for each of our two primary product lines. Cost of revenues for our Genomics product line is a higher percentage of the Genomics revenue than cost of revenues for Data and services is as a percentage of Data and services revenue. As revenue shifts between these product lines, total cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue will be impacted.

Cost of Revenues, Genomics

Cost of revenues for Genomics primarily includes personnel lab expenses, including salaries, bonuses, employee benefits and stock-based compensation expenses (which we refer to as “personnel costs”), and amortization of intangible assets, cost of laboratory supplies and consumables, laboratory rent expense, depreciation of laboratory equipment and shipping costs. Costs associated with performing our tests are recorded as the tests are processed at the time of report delivery. We expect these costs will increase in absolute dollars as our Genomics revenue continues to grow.

Cost of Revenues, Data and Services

Cost of revenues for Data and services primarily includes data acquisition and royalty fees, and personnel costs related to delivery of our data services and platform, cloud costs, and certain allocated overhead expenses. Costs associated with performing data product services are recorded as incurred. We expect these costs will increase in absolute dollars as our Data and services revenue continues to grow. We currently report our AI Applications cost of revenue within this line item as it is immaterial.

Research and Development

Research and development expense primarily includes costs incurred to develop new assays and products, including validation costs, research and development and allocated lab personnel costs, salaries and benefits of the company’s scientific and laboratory research and development teams, amortization of intangible assets, inventory costs, overhead costs, contract services and other related costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We plan to continue to invest in new assay development and expansion into new disease areas. As a result, we expect that research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest to support these activities.

Technology Research and Development

Technology research and development expense primarily includes personnel costs incurred related to the research and development of our technology platform and applications and the research and development of new products that we hope to bring to the market. Technology research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We plan to continue to invest in technology personnel to support our Platform and new algorithm development. We expect that technology research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest to support these activities.

Selling, General and Administrative

Our selling, general and administrative expense primarily includes personnel costs for our sales, executive, accounting and finance, legal and human resources functions, commissions, and other general corporate expenses, including software and tools, professional services, real estate costs, and travel costs.

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We expect that our selling, general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars after our IPO, primarily due to increased headcount and costs associated with operating as a public company, including expenses related to legal, accounting, regulatory, maintaining compliance with exchange listing and requirements of the SEC, director and officer insurance premiums and investor relations. These expenses, though expected to increase in absolute dollars, are expected to decrease modestly as a percentage of revenue in the long term, though they may fluctuate as a percentage from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses. As the performance-based vesting condition of our RSUs was satisfied in connection with our IPO, we will continue to record stock-based compensation expenses associated with the vesting of RSUs in the quarter in which such vestings occur.

Interest Income

Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of interest from our Second Amended Note and Credit Facilities (each as defined in “—Liquidity and Capital Resources”). Interest expense related to our Second Amended Note will continue, but should decrease over time as the principal amount decreases.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists of foreign currency exchange gains and losses, gains and losses on marketable equity securities, income from the Intellectual Property Agreement, or the IP License Agreement, with SB Tempus Corp., or SB Tempus, and any changes in fair value related to our warrant assets and liabilities. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses relate to transactions and asset and liability balances denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We expect our foreign currency gains and losses to continue to fluctuate in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We hold shares of common stock of Recursion and Personalis, Inc., or Personalis, which are recorded within marketable equity securities. These shares are marked to market each reporting period. We issued a warrant to our customer AstraZeneca in conjunction with the signing of the MSA in November 2021. We have a warrant asset related to a November 2023 Commercialization and Reference Laboratory Agreement with Personalis, which was exercised in August 2024. The fair value of the warrant assets and liabilities are measured each reporting period.

(Provision for) benefit from income taxes

(Provision for) benefit from income taxes consists of U.S. federal and state income taxes and income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business, as adjusted for non-deductible expenses, and changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. We maintain a full valuation allowance on our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets as we have concluded that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Losses from Equity Method Investments

Losses from equity method investments consist of earnings from our joint venture, SB Tempus. See Note 7 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding SB Tempus.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth the significant components of our results of operations for the periods presented (in thousands).

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Genomics |  | $ | 241,843 |  |  | $ | 112,324 |  |  | $ | 435,647 |  |  | $ | 214,893 |
Data and services |  |  | 72,792 |  |  |  | 53,645 |  |  |  | 134,725 |  |  |  | 96,896 |
Total net revenue |  | $ | 314,635 |  |  | $ | 165,969 |  |  | $ | 570,372 |  |  | $ | 311,789 |
Cost and operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues, genomics |  |  | 99,756 |  |  |  | 68,324 |  |  |  | 184,539 |  |  |  | 121,159 |
Cost of revenues, data and services |  |  | 19,840 |  |  |  | 22,132 |  |  |  | 35,591 |  |  |  | 37,420 |
Technology research and development |  |  | 34,482 |  |  |  | 77,908 |  |  |  | 67,873 |  |  |  | 104,975 |
Research and development |  |  | 41,619 |  |  |  | 68,025 |  |  |  | 77,493 |  |  |  | 92,365 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 180,712 |  |  |  | 463,072 |  |  |  | 335,339 |  |  |  | 542,636 |
Total cost and operating expenses |  |  | 376,409 |  |  |  | 699,461 |  |  |  | 700,835 |  |  |  | 898,555 |
Loss from operations |  | $ | (61,774 | ) |  | $ | (533,492 | ) |  | $ | (130,463 | ) |  | $ | (586,766 | )
Interest income |  |  | 1,093 |  |  |  | 1,718 |  |  |  | 2,906 |  |  |  | 2,749 |
Interest expense |  |  | (21,579 | ) |  |  | (13,295 | ) |  |  | (39,582 | ) |  |  | (26,533 | )
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 41,729 |  |  |  | (7,048 | ) |  |  | 14,274 |  |  |  | (6,299 | )
Loss before (provision for) benefit from income taxes |  |  | (40,531 | ) |  |  | (552,117 | ) |  |  | (152,865 | ) |  |  | (616,849 | )
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes |  |  | (212 | ) |  |  | (95 | ) |  |  | 45,968 |  |  |  | (106 | )
Losses from equity method investments |  |  | (2,100 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,983 | ) |  |  | — |
Net Loss |  | $ | (42,843 | ) |  | $ | (552,212 | ) |  | $ | (110,880 | ) |  | $ | (616,955 | )

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Revenue

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Genomics |  | $ | 241,843 |  |  | $ | 112,324 |  |  | $ | 129,519 |  |  |  | 115 | %
Data and services |  |  | 72,792 |  |  |  | 53,645 |  |  |  | 19,147 |  |  |  | 36 | %
Total Net Revenue |  | $ | 314,635 |  |  | $ | 165,969 |  |  | $ | 148,666 |  |  |  | 90 | %

The increase in revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was due to increased volume of tests performed in Genomics and increased data deliveries in our Data and Services product line.

Genomics

The increase in Genomics revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to an increase in the number of Oncology tests and the addition of Hereditary tests through the acquisition of Ambry. Volume of tests increased from approximately 66,500 tests for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to approximately 212,000 tests for the three months ended June 30, 2025, of which 128,000 tests related to Hereditary testing.

Oncology tests increased from approximately 66,500 tests for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to approximately 84,000 tests for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Additionally, there was an increase in average revenue per Oncology test, which increased from approximately $1,500 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to approximately $1,580 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in average revenue per Oncology test was driven primarily by increased Medicare reimbursement rates. The increase in the number of Oncology tests and average revenue per Oncology test resulted in a $33.0 million increase in Genomics revenue.

Hereditary tests increased to approximately 128,000 tests for the three months ended June 30, 2025 due to the acquisition of Ambry in February 2025 and resulted in an increase of $97.3 million in Genomics revenue.

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Data and Services

The increase in Data and services revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was driven primarily by $16.5 million from increased demand for our Insights products. Across all Data and services products, the increase in revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2025 is primarily attributable to continued growth from within our existing customer base, specifically the Pathos Foundation Model agreement.

Cost and Operating Expenses

Cost of Revenues

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Cost of revenues, genomics |  | $ | 99,756 |  |  | $ | 68,324 |  |  | $ | 31,432 |  |  |  | 46 | %
Cost of revenues, data and services |  |  | 19,840 |  |  |  | 22,132 |  |  |  | (2,292 | ) |  |  | -10 | %
Total |  | $ | 119,596 |  |  | $ | 90,456 |  |  | $ | 29,140 |  |  |  | 32 | %

The increase in Cost of revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to increases of $34.3 million in material and service costs, of which $21.9 million in material and services is due to the Ambry Acquisition, and $8.0 million in personnel-related costs from the Ambry Acquisition, offset by a decrease of $16.4 million of stock-based compensation expenses related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period.

Cost of Revenues, Genomics

The increase in Cost of revenues, Genomics for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to increases of $34.3 million in material and service costs, of which $21.9 million in material and services is due to the Ambry Acquisition, and $8.0 million in personnel-related costs from the Ambry Acquisition, offset by a decrease of $9.9 million of stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period.

Cost of Revenues, Data and Services

The decrease in Cost of revenues, Data and services for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was not material.

Technology Research and Development

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Technology research and development |  | $ | 34,482 |  |  | $ | 77,908 |  |  | $ | (43,426 | ) |  |  | -56 | %

The decrease in Technology research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to a decrease of $47.1 million of stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period, offset by an increase of $4.5 million in personnel-related costs associated with the investment in our cloud infrastructure and new lines of business, of which $3.4 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition.

Research and Development

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Research and development |  | $ | 41,619 |  |  | $ | 68,025 |  |  | $ | (26,406 | ) |  |  | -39 | %

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The decrease in Research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to a decrease of $39.9 million of stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period, offset by an increase of $10.3 million in personnel-related costs for employees in our research and development group, of which $8.0 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition.

Selling, General and Administrative

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Selling, general and administrative |  | $ | 180,712 |  |  | $ | 463,072 |  |  | $ | (282,360 | ) |  |  | -61 | %

The decrease in Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to a decrease of $362.4 million of stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period, offset by an increase $30.7 million in personnel-related costs, of which $19.7 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition, $16.8 million in amortization of intangibles acquired from the Ambry Acquisition, $6.3 million in software and tools costs, of which $3.6 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition, $3.0 million in cloud storage costs, $2.6 million in legal costs, and $2.0 million in acquisition costs.

Interest Income

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Interest income |  | $ | 1,093 |  |  | $ | 1,718 |  |  | $ | (625 | ) |  |  | -36 | %

The decrease in Interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was not material.

Interest Expense

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Interest expense |  | $ | (21,579 | ) |  | $ | (13,295 | ) |  | $ | (8,284 | ) |  |  | 62 | %

The increase in Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily driven by compounding interest on our Second Amended Note and the additional interest expense from the Additional Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility.

Other Income (Expense), net

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Other income (expense), net |  | $ | 41,729 |  |  | $ | (7,048 | ) |  | $ | 48,777 |  |  |  | -692 | %

The change in Other income (expense), net for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily driven by a $41.5 million increase in income related to unrealized gains on marketable equity securities, a $5.2 million increase in income due to the change in fair value of our warrant asset, and an increase of $4.0 million in income from the Intellectual Property Agreement, or the IP License Agreement, with SB Tempus, offset by a $1.7 million decrease in income due to the change in fair value of our warrant liability.

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(Provision for) Income Taxes

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes |  | $ | (212 | ) |  | $ | (95 | ) |  | $ | (117 | ) |  |  | 123 | %

The change in provision for income tax benefit (expense) for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was not material.

Losses from Equity Method Investments

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Losses from equity method investments |  | $ | (2,100 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,100 | ) |  |  | 100 | %

The increase in losses from equity method investments for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was due to the losses from SB Tempus.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Revenue

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Genomics |  | $ | 435,647 |  |  | $ | 214,893 |  |  | $ | 220,754 |  |  |  | 103 | %
Data and services |  |  | 134,725 |  |  |  | 96,896 |  |  |  | 37,829 |  |  |  | 39 | %
Total Net Revenue |  | $ | 570,372 |  |  | $ | 311,789 |  |  | $ | 258,583 |  |  |  | 83 | %

The increase in revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was due to increased volume and reimbursement of clinical oncology tests performed in Genomics and increased data deliveries in our Data and Services product line.

Genomics

The increase in Genomics revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to an increase in the number of Oncology tests and the addition of Hereditary tests through the acquisition of Ambry. Volume of tests increased from approximately 129,200 tests for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to approximately 365,000 tests for the six months ended June 30, 2025, of which 206,000 tests related to Hereditary testing.

Oncology tests increased from approximately 129,200 tests for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to approximately 159,000 tests for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Additionally, there was an increase in average revenue per Oncology test, which increased from approximately $1,480 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to approximately $1,590 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in average revenue per Oncology test was driven primarily by increased Medicare reimbursement rates. The increase in the number of Oncology tests and average revenue per Oncology test resulted in a $61.6 million increase in Genomics revenue.

Hereditary tests increased to approximately 206,000 tests for the six months ended June 30, 2025 due to the acquisition of Ambry in February 2025 and resulted in an increase of $160.8 million in Genomics revenue.

Data and Services

The increase in Data and services revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was driven primarily by $34.7 million from increased demand for our Insights products. Across all Data and services products, the increase

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in revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2025 is primarily attributable to continued growth from within our existing customer base, as well as adoption of our services by new customers that did not purchase services in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Cost and Operating Expenses

Cost of Revenues

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Cost of revenues, genomics |  | $ | 184,539 |  |  | $ | 121,159 |  |  | $ | 63,380 |  |  |  | 52 | %
Cost of revenues, data and services |  |  | 35,591 |  |  |  | 37,420 |  |  |  | (1,829 | ) |  |  | -5 | %
Total |  | $ | 220,130 |  |  | $ | 158,579 |  |  | $ | 61,551 |  |  |  | 39 | %

The increase in Cost of revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to increases of $58.1 million in material and service costs, of which $32.4 million in material and services is due to the Ambry Acquisition, $16.2 million in personnel-related costs, of which $12.5 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition, offset by a decrease of $14.8 million of stock-based compensation expenses related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period.

Cost of Revenues, Genomics

The increase in Cost of revenues, Genomics for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to increases of $58.1 million in material and service costs, of which $32.4 million in material and services is due to the Ambry Acquisition, $16.0 million in personnel-related costs, of which $12.5 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition, offset by a decrease of $8.9 million of stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period.

Cost of Revenues, Data and Services

The decrease in Cost of revenues, Data and services for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was not material.

Technology Research and Development

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Technology research and development |  | $ | 67,873 |  |  | $ | 104,975 |  |  | $ | (37,102 | ) |  |  | -35 | %

The decrease in Technology research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to a decrease of $43.8 million of stock-based compensation expenses related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period, offset by an increase of $7.2 million in personnel-related costs associated with the investment in our cloud infrastructure and new lines of business, of which $5.0 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition.

Research and Development

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Research and development |  | $ | 77,493 |  |  | $ | 92,365 |  |  | $ | (14,872 | ) |  |  | -16 | %

The decrease in Research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to a decrease of $37.9 million of stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period, offset by an increase of $15.5

44

million in personnel-related costs for employees in our research and development group, of which $12.2 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition, and $3.2 million in validation and regulatory costs.

Selling, General and Administrative

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Selling, general and administrative |  | $ | 335,339 |  |  | $ | 542,636 |  |  | $ | (207,297 | ) |  |  | -38 | %

The decrease in Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to a decrease of $346.3 million of stock-based compensation expenses related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with our IPO in the prior period, offset by increases of $54.4 million in personnel-related costs, of which $34.5 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition, $27.9 million in amortization of intangibles acquired from the Ambry Acquisition, $10.4 million in software and tools costs, of which $5.7 million is due to the Ambry Acquisition, $6.0 million in legal costs, and $5.5 million in acquisition costs.

Interest Income

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Interest income |  | $ | 2,906 |  |  | $ | 2,749 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  |  | 6 | %

The increase in Interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was not material.

Interest Expense

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Interest expense |  | $ | (39,582 | ) |  | $ | (26,533 | ) |  | $ | (13,049 | ) |  |  | 49 | %

The increase in Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily driven by compounding interest on our Second Amended Note and additional interest expense from the Additional Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility.

Other Income (Expense), net

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Other income (expense), net |  | $ | 14,274 |  |  | $ | (6,299 | ) |  | $ | 20,573 |  |  |  | -327 | %

The change in Other income (expense), net for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily driven by a $9.9 million increase in income due to the change in fair value of our warrant asset, $8.0 million in income from the IP License Agreement with SB Tempus, and by a $3.5 million increase in income related to gains on marketable equity securities, offset by a $0.9 million decrease in income related to the change in fair value of our warrant liability.

45

Benefit from (provision for) Income Taxes

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes |  | $ | 45,968 |  |  | $ | (106 | ) |  | $ | 46,074 |  |  | NM(1)

(1) Not meaningful

The change in provision for income tax benefit (expense) for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was due to a $46.2 million discrete tax benefit recorded from the release of a portion of the valuation allowance attributable to net deferred tax liabilities related to the acquisition of Ambry which offset certain net deferred tax assets of us.

Losses from Equity Method Investments

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (in thousands, except percentages) |
Losses from equity method investments |  | $ | (3,983 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3,983 | ) |  |  | 100 | %

The increase in losses from equity method investments for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was due to the losses from SB Tempus.

Non-GAAP Financial Measure

To supplement our condensed consolidated financial statements prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, we use adjusted EBITDA to facilitate analysis of our financial and business trends and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.

EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude (i) interest income, (ii) interest expense, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) provision for (benefit from) income taxes, (v) losses on equity method investments, (vi) changes in fair value of our warrant liability, warrant asset, marketable equity securities, contingent consideration liabilities and indemnity-related holdback liabilities, (vii) stock-based compensation expense, (viii) employer payroll tax related to stock-based compensation expense, (ix) acquisition-related expenses, (x) the G-4 Special Payment (as defined in Note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q), (xi) amortization of deferred other income from our IP License Agreement with SB Tempus and (xii) franchise taxes related to our IPO. We use adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with net income or loss, its corresponding GAAP measure, as a performance measure to assess our operating performance and operating leverage in our business. The above items are excluded from our adjusted EBITDA measure because these items are non-cash in nature, or because the amount and timing of these items is unpredictable, or they are not driven by core results of operations, thereby rendering comparisons with prior periods and competitors less meaningful. We believe adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as provides a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business performance. Moreover, adjusted EBITDA is a key measurement used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to analyzing operating expenses, evaluating performance, and performing strategic planning and annual budgeting.

Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as a financial measure, should be considered as supplemental in nature, and is not meant as a substitute for, or superior to, the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are that adjusted EBITDA:

•
does not reflect interest income which increases cash available to us;
•
excludes depreciation and amortization expense, and although these are non-cash expenses, the asset being depreciated may have to be replaced in the future, increasing our cash requirements;
•
does not reflect provision for or benefit from income taxes that reduces cash available to us; and
•
excludes change in fair value of warrant liabilities, contingent consideration and warrant asset.

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Because of these limitations, we consider, and you should consider, adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including net loss and our other GAAP results. A reconciliation of our adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP, is provided below. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

The following table summarizes our adjusted EBITDA, along with net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for each period presented below:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (unaudited) |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net loss |  | $ | (42,843 | ) |  | $ | (552,212 | ) |  | $ | (110,880 | ) |  | $ | (616,955 | )
Interest income |  |  | (1,093 | ) |  |  | (1,718 | ) |  |  | (2,906 | ) |  |  | (2,749 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 21,579 |  |  |  | 13,295 |  |  |  | 39,582 |  |  |  | 26,533 |
Depreciation |  |  | 8,347 |  |  |  | 6,415 |  |  |  | 16,230 |  |  |  | 12,684 |
Amortization |  |  | 19,685 |  |  |  | 2,744 |  |  |  | 32,155 |  |  |  | 5,664 |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes |  |  | 212 |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | (45,968 | ) |  |  | 106 |
EBITDA |  | $ | 5,887 |  |  | $ | (531,381 | ) |  | $ | (71,787 | ) |  | $ | (574,717 | )
Losses on equity method investments |  |  | 2,100 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,983 |  |  |  | — |
Fair value changes(1) |  |  | (37,546 | ) |  |  | 4,870 |  |  |  | (5,696 | ) |  |  | 4,280 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 22,455 |  |  |  | 488,313 |  |  |  | 45,429 |  |  |  | 488,313 |
Employer payroll tax related to stock-based compensation |  |  | 1,873 |  |  |  | 4,762 |  |  |  | 7,126 |  |  |  | 4,762 |
Acquisition related expenses(2) |  |  | 1,992 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,521 |  |  |  | — |
G-4 Special Payment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,250 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,250 |
Amortization of technology license |  |  | (3,988 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,977 | ) |  |  | — |
Franchise taxes related to IPO |  |  | 1,647 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,647 |  |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | (5,580 | ) |  | $ | (31,186 | ) |  | $ | (21,754 | ) |  | $ | (75,112 | )

(1)
Fair value changes include gains and losses related to quarterly fair value adjustments of our warrant liability, warrant asset, marketable equity securities, contingent consideration liabilities, indemnity-related holdback liabilities.
(2)
Acquisition related expenses consist of legal, diligence, accounting, and financing costs incurred for acquisitions during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception, and as of June 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $2.3 billion.

We expect to incur additional operating losses in the near future and our operating expenses will increase as we continue to invest and develop new offerings, expand our sales organization, and increase our marketing efforts to drive market adoption of our tests. As demand for our tests continues to increase from physicians and biopharmaceutical companies, we anticipate that our capital expenditure requirements could also increase if we require additional laboratory capacity.

We have funded our operations to date principally from the sale of stock, convertible debt, term debt, the Revolving Credit Facility, and sales of our products. As of June 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $188.1 million. In April 2024, we sold an aggregate of 3,489,981 shares of our Series G-5 convertible preferred stock at a price per share of $57.3069, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $200.0 million in a private placement to an accredited investor. In June 2024, we completed our IPO, which resulted in net proceeds of $382.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $28.7 million. In July 2025, we completed the Offering, which resulted in net proceeds of $725.9 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us

Based on our current business plan, we believe our current cash and cash equivalents, marketable equity securities and anticipated cash flows from operations, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for more than twelve months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We may raise additional capital to expand our business, to pursue strategic

47

investments, to take advantage of financing opportunities or for other reasons. As we grow our revenue, our accounts receivable and inventory balances will increase. Any increase in accounts receivable and inventory may not be completely offset by increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses, which could result in greater working capital requirements.

If our available cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flows from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements because of lower demand for our products as a result of lower than currently expected rates of reimbursement from our customers or other risks described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, we may seek to sell additional common or preferred equity or convertible debt securities, enter into a credit facility or another form of third-party funding or seek other debt financing. The sale of equity and convertible debt securities, or exercise of warrants may result in dilution to our stockholders and, in the case of preferred equity securities or convertible debt, those securities could provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock. The terms of debt securities issued or borrowings pursuant to a credit agreement could impose significant restrictions on our operations. If we raise funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our platform technologies or products or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. Additional capital may not be available to us on reasonable terms, or at all. The failure to obtain any required future financing may require us to reduce or eliminate certain existing operations.

Convertible Senior Notes

On July 3, 2025, we completed the Offering of $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030, including the exercise in full of the initial purchasers’ over-allotment option to purchase up to an additional $100.0 million principal amount of the Notes.

The Notes are general unsecured obligations of ours and will mature on July 15, 2030, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. Interest on the Notes will accrue at a rate of 0.75% per year from July 3, 2025 and will be payable semiannually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2026. The Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 15, 2030, only upon satisfaction of one or more of the following conditions: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on September 30, 2025 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock, for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for the Notes on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock and the conversion rate for the Notes on each such trading day; (3) if we call such Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date, but only with respect to the Notes called for redemption; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after April 15, 2030, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their Notes at their option at any time, regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock, at our election.

The conversion rate for the Notes will initially be 11.8778 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $84.19 per share of Class A common stock. The conversion rate for the Notes is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if we deliver a notice of redemption in respect of the Notes, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate of the Notes for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with a corporate event or convert its Notes called for redemption during the related redemption period.

We may not redeem the Notes prior to July 20, 2028. We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes, at its option, on or after July 20, 2028, if the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price for the Notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the redemption date. If we redeem less than all the outstanding Notes, at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes must be outstanding and not subject to redemption, as of, and after giving effect to, delivery of the relevant notice of redemption. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes.

If we undergo a fundamental change, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

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In connection with the pricing of the Notes on June 30, 2025, and in connection with the exercise in full by the initial purchasers of their over-allotment option to purchase additional Notes on July 1, 2025, we entered into capped call transactions, or the Capped Call, effective as of July 3, 2025, with one of the initial purchasers and certain other financial institutions. The Capped Call is expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Class A common stock upon any conversion of the Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on a cap price initially equal to $111.1950 per share and is subject to certain adjustments.

Our net proceeds from the Offering were approximately $725.9 million, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. We used a portion of the net proceeds from the Offering to repay $293.5 million of the Term Loan Facility (as defined below), which includes repayment of the principal, accrued interest, and prepayment premium. The repayment results in a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $18.5 million.

Additionally, we paid approximately $41.8 million cost of the Capped Call from the proceeds of the Offering. We expect to use the remaining net proceeds from the Offering for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions or strategic investments in complementary businesses or technologies, working capital, operating expenses, capital expenditures and repayment of additional indebtedness.

Credit Facilities

On September 22, 2022, we entered into a Credit Agreement, or the Original Credit Agreement, with Ares Capital Corporation, or Ares, for a senior secured loan, or the Term Loan Facility, in an original principal amount of $175.0 million, less original issue discount of $4.4 million and deferred financing fees of $2.6 million. The Original Credit Agreement was amended on April 25, 2023 to, among other things, increase the original principal amount of the Term Loan Facility by $50.0 million, less original issue discount of $1.3 million, and was further amended on October 11, 2023 to, among other things, increase the original principal amount of the Term Loan Facility by $35.0 million, less original issue discount of $0.9 million. On February 3, 2025, we entered into a Third Amendment Agreement, or the Third Amendment Agreement, which, among other things, provided for an additional $200.0 million tranche of senior secured term loans, or the Additional Term Loan Facility, and together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Term Loan Facilities,” and the loans thereunder, the “Term Loans,” and $100.0 million in priority revolving loan commitments, or the Revolving Credit Facility, and loans thereunder, the “Revolving Loans”. We received $194.0 million under the Additional Term Loan Facility, which is the aggregate principal amount of $200.0 million, less original issue discount of $4.0 million and $2.0 million in legal fees paid to third parties, and $97.1 million in revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility, which is the aggregate amount of $100.0 million, less original issue discount of $2.0 million and $0.9 million in legal fees paid to third parties, the proceeds of which were used to fund the cash consideration for the Ambry Acquisition and to pay related fees. The Additional Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility mature on February 3, 2030. The Term Loan Facility matures in September 2027. The Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facility, or together, the Credit Facilities, are subject to quarterly interest payments for Base Rate loans and at the end of the applicable interest rate period for Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, loans. The Third Amendment Agreement was accounted for as a debt modification.

The Company has the option to convert the borrowing type to either a Base Rate Borrowing, which bears interest based on a Base Rate, defined as the greatest of the (a) the “Prime Rate” appearing the “Money Rates” section of the Wall Street Journal or another national publication selected by the Agent, (b) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (c) Term SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.00% in each instance as of such day and (d) 2.00%, or a SOFR Borrowing, which bears interest based on Term SOFR. Additionally, the Company may make either a paid-in-kind, or PIK, election or a Cash election. Pursuant to the Original Credit Agreement, as amended by the Third Amendment Agreement, or the Credit Agreement, through December 31, 2025, interest on the Term Loans accrues at a per annum rate as follows: (i) for any interest period for which we elect to pay interest in cash, the cash interest rate for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings will be the Base Rate plus 6.25% and Term SOFR plus 7.25%, respectively, and (ii) for any interest period for which we elect to pay interest in kind, the cash interest rate for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings will be the Base Rate plus 4% and Term SOFR plus 5%, respectively, and the PIK interest rate will be 3.25%.

From and after January 1, 2026, interest on the Term Loans accrues at a per annum rate as follows: (i) for any interest period for which we elect to pay interest in cash, the cash interest rate for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings will be the Base Rate plus a margin ranging from 5.75% to 6.75% and Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 6.75% to 7.75%, respectively, and (ii) for any interest period for which we elect to pay interest in kind, the cash interest rate for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings will be the Base Rate plus a margin of 4% or 4.5% and Term SOFR plus a margin of 5% or 5.5%, respectively, and the PIK interest rate will be 3.25%. The applicable margin for any interest period for which we elect to pay interest in cash will be based on a consolidated first lien leverage ratio and whether we have satisfied certain junior capital raising requirements. The applicable margin for any interest period for which we elect to pay interest in kind will be based on whether we have satisfied certain junior capital raising requirements.

Interest on the Revolving Loans accrues interest at a per annum rate equal to either, the Base Rate plus 2.75% or Term SOFR plus 3.75% At all times prior to the termination of the Revolving Credit Facility, to the extent that, on any date, the outstanding aggregate principal amount of Revolving Credit Facility is less than the greater of (x) 50.0% of the revolving commitments and (y)

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$50.0 million, the amount of interest payable on the Revolving Loans shall be equal to the amount of interest that would be payable had the outstanding principal amount of Revolving Loans equaled the greater of (x) 50.0% of the revolving commitments and (y) $50.0 million, or the Minimum Revolving Interest Amount. A commitment fee will accrue on the unused amount of the Revolving Credit Facility at a per annum rate of 0.50%; provided, however, that no such fee shall accrue to the extent we are being charged the Minimum Revolving Interest Amount.

In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, financial and other covenants, and events of default, including but not limited to, limitations on earnout, milestone, or deferred purchase obligations, dividends on preferred stock and stock repurchases, cash investments, and acquisitions. We are required to maintain a minimum liquidity of at least $25 million and maintain specified amounts of consolidated revenues for the trailing twelve month period ending on the last day of each fiscal quarter. Minimum consolidated revenues shall equal either $1.0 billion for the immediately trailing twelve month period or $1.0 billion on a pro forma basis and for the fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2025 through December 31, 2025, and shall equal $1.1 billion for the fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2026 through December 31, 2026. The Credit Agreement also contains a maximum first lien leverage from and after the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027. We were in compliance with all covenants in the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2025.

On June 30, 2025, in conjunction with the Offering, we entered into a Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, or the Fourth Amendment Agreement. The Fourth Amendment Agreement amends the terms of the Credit Agreement to (i) permit the Offering and the related derivative transactions and (ii) provide that the Offering satisfies the junior capital raise requirement set forth in the Credit Agreement. A failure to timely satisfy the junior capital raise requirement would have resulted in a 0.50% per annum increase in the applicable margin from and after January 1, 2026. Except as noted above, the material terms of the Credit Agreement were not amended.

Convertible Promissory Note

On February 22, 2025, we amended our convertible promissory note, or the Second Amended Note, with Google LLC, or Google, originally entered into on June 22, 2020, or the Note, and subsequently amended on November 19, 2020, or the Amended Note. The amendment extended the maturity date of the Second Amended Note from March 22, 2026 to December 31, 2030. In addition, the amendment provides us the option upon maturity to repay up to 50% of the outstanding principal and accrued interest balance, or the Outstanding Amount, in shares of our Class A common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (1) the Outstanding Amount on the maturity date, by (2) the average of the last trading price on each trading day during the twenty day period ending immediately prior to the maturity date.

The principal balance of the Second Amended Note was reset to $238.8 million, which is the total of the then-outstanding principal and accrued interest. Consistent with the terms of the Amended Note, the Second Amended Note bears interest at a rate of 6.0% per annum, compounded annually. The principal amount is automatically reduced each year based on a formula taking into account the aggregate value of the Google Cloud Platform services used by us. We account for the principal reductions as an offset to its cloud and compute spend within selling, general and administrative in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Outstanding Amount under the Second Amended Note is due and payable on the earlier of (1) December 31, 2030, which is the maturity date of the Amended Note, (2) upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, and (3) upon the occurrence of an acceleration event, which includes any termination by us of ours Google Cloud Platform agreement. We generally may not prepay the Outstanding Amount, except that we may, at our option, prepay the Outstanding Amount in an amount such that the principal amount remaining outstanding after such repayment is $150.0 million.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

|  | Six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (unaudited) |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | $ | (61,460 | ) |  | $ | (198,458 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |  | $ | (385,329 | ) |  | $ | 8,982 |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | $ | 293,042 |  |  | $ | 502,631 |

Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $61.5 million, which resulted from a net loss of $110.9 million and a net change in our operating assets and liabilities of $10.4 million, offset by non-cash charges of $59.9 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $48.4 million of depreciation and amortization, $45.4 million of stock-based compensation,

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$7.2 million of PIK interest added to principal, and $4.6 million of non-cash operating lease costs, offset by deferred income taxes of $46.2 million, and $6.0 million of gain on marketable equity securities. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of a $49.2 million increase in accounts receivable due to increased sales and the timing of customer payments, offset by a $36.8 million increase in deferred revenue, which is primarily due to the Pathos Foundation Model agreement.

Cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $198.5 million, which resulted from a net loss of $617.0 million and a net change in our operating assets and liabilities of $103.8 million, offset by non-cash charges of $522.3 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $488.3 million, $18.3 million of depreciation and amortization, a decrease in the fair value of the warrant asset of $7.7 million, and $3.3 million of non-cash operating lease costs. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of decreases in accounts payable and deferred revenue of $33.4 million and $28.7 million, respectively, and a $24.0 million increase in accounts receivable.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $385.3 million, which was the result of $380.8 million cash paid related to the Ambry and Deep 6 acquisitions, purchases of property and equipment of $9.6 million, and $3.3 million of purchases of capitalized software from the Ambry Acquisition, offset by proceeds from the sale of marketable equity securities of $8.3 million.

Cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $9.0 million, which was the result of proceeds from the sale of marketable equity securities of $23.1 million, offset by purchases of property and equipment of $14.1 million.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $293.0 million, which was the result of net proceeds from the Additional Term Loan Facility of $196.0 million, and net proceeds from the Revolving Credit Facility of $98.0 million, offset by $1.0 million of payment of deferred financing fees.

Cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $502.6 million, which was the result of proceeds from the issuance of common stock in connection with our IPO, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of $382.0 million, and the issuance of Series G-5 Preferred Stock of $199.8 million, offset by $69.9 million of taxes paid related to the net settlement of a portion of the RSUs outstanding as of June 30, 2024 for which the service-based vesting condition was satisfied before June 14, 2024 and for which the performance-based vesting condition was satisfied in connection with the IPO, or the RSU Net Settlement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the period presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have prepared our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. Our preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and related disclosures at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as revenue and expenses recorded during the reporting periods. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could therefore differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Other than the accounting policy disclosed below, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the six months ended June 30, 2025 as described in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Business Combinations

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In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, the Company uses the acquisition method of accounting to allocate the purchase price of an acquired business to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Assigning fair market values to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of an acquisition often requires the application of judgment regarding estimates and assumptions. These estimates include, but are not limited to, a market participant’s expectation of future cash flows from acquired customer relationships, acquired trade names, and acquired developed technology. All acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See the section titled “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information.

Emerging Growth Company Status

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, our company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our condensed consolidated financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Based on the aggregate market value of shares of our Class A common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2025, we expect to become a “large accelerated filer” and no longer qualify as an emerging growth company as of December 31, 2025.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates related primarily to our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, and our indebtedness. As of June 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $188.1 million held primarily in cash deposits and money market funds. As of June 30, 2025, we had $579.6 million outstanding under our Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facility, which are subject to quarterly interest payments. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates under our Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facility would not be material to our financial condition or results of operations.

Foreign Currency Risk

The majority of our revenue is generated in the United States. Through June 30, 2025, we have generated an insignificant amount of revenues denominated in foreign currencies. As we expand our presence in the international market, our results of operations and cash flows are expected to increasingly be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates

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and may be adversely affected in the future due to these related changes. As of June 30, 2025 the effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would not be material to our financial condition or results of operations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging arrangements with respect to foreign currency risk. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates.

Inflation Risk

We are also exposed to inflation risk and inflationary factors, such as increases in raw material and overhead costs, which could impair our operating results. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain current levels of gross margin and operating expenses as a percentage of revenue.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, the effectiveness of any internal control over financial reporting is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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Part II – Ot her Information

Item 1. Leg al Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in various legal proceedings, including commercial claims from customers and vendors, potential lawsuits seeking damages and/or injunctive relief, employment disputes, subpoenas, government investigations, regulatory or administrative proceedings, and other types of matters arising from the normal course of business activities. We may also initiate such proceedings against various third parties. Defending against and pursuing such proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. Except as described below, we believe there are currently no pending legal proceedings to which we or our property are subject that could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Although no formal legal proceeding has been instituted, from time to time, we receive requests from governmental agencies, or third parties working on their behalf, for documents and information related to our products and services. For example, on May 19, 2022, we received a subpoena from the Office of the Ohio Attorney General. The subpoena required production of certain billing and patient records associated with nine Ohio Medicaid patients who received our clinical diagnostic tests between 2019 and 2022. We provided responsive documents in June 2022 and have not received additional inquiry from the Ohio Attorney General’s office since that time.

Similarly, on March 4, 2024, we received a Civil Investigative Demand, or CID, from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of New York. The CID requested documents and other information related to our compliance with the False Claims Act, the Anti-Kickback statute, and in particular 42 C.F.R. § 414.510(b), which is commonly referred to as the Medicare 14-Day or Date of Service Rule. We provided an initial production on April 4, 2024, and have produced additional responsive documents on a rolling basis since that time. We have not received additional inquiry from the U.S. Attorney’s Office since our last document production.

While we believe our programs and payments comply with the Anti-Kickback statute, no assurance can be given as to the timing or outcome of the government’s investigation, or that it will not result in a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, we have received requests for medical records and billing information from certain Unified Program Integrity Coordinators or other third parties working on the government’s behalf regarding clinical diagnostic services provided by us to patients enrolled in the Medicare and Medicaid programs. We have responded to all such requests for information.

On June 11, 2024, Guardant Health Inc., or Guardant, filed a complaint against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. The complaint alleges that the Tempus xF, Tempus xF+, Tempus xM Monitor and Tempus xM MRD products use liquid biopsy technology that infringes five Guardant U.S. patents. The complaint seeks injunctive relief, unspecified monetary damages (including enhanced damages), a future mandatory royalty, costs and attorneys fees. On January 17, 2025, Guardant separately sought a Declaratory Judgment against Tempus in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware regarding the veracity of certain advertisements Guardant has published regarding the companies’ respective products. On March 14, 2025, Tempus filed multiple counterclaims against Guardant under the Lanham Act and related states statutes alleging, among other things, that Guardant’s advertisements were false and misleading. Tempus filed a separate patent infringement complaint against Guardant in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California alleging that certain Guardant products infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 12,112,839, 11,640,859, 10,957,041, and 10,991,097. All cases are pending.

On June 12, 2025, the Company, Mr. Lefkofsky, our Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Rogers, our Chief Financial Officer, were named as defendants in a federal securities class-action lawsuit titled Shouse v. Tempus AI, Inc. et al, which is pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The complaint alleges that between August 6, 2024 and May 27, 2025, the defendants made false or misleading statements or omitted to state material facts regarding Tempus's business, operations, and prospects. We believe the complaint to be without merit, and we intend to defend ourselves vigorously against the allegations.

We assess legal contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in its financial statements. When evaluating legal contingencies, we may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed may be unsupported, exaggerated or unrelated to possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of potential liability. Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.

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Item 1 A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition and operating results are affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including risks specific to us or the healthcare industry as well as risks that affect businesses in general. In addition to the information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should consider carefully the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025. The risks and uncertainties disclosed in such Annual Report could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations and thus our stock price. Except as set forth below, during the second quarter of fiscal 2025, there were no material changes to our previously disclosed risk factors.

These risk factors may be important to understanding other statements in this Quarterly Report and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” and Part I, Item 2,“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report. Because of such risk factors, as well as other factors affecting our financial condition and operating results, past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods.

Risks Related to Our Convertible Notes

Our Notes and the issuance of shares of our Class A common stock upon conversion of the Notes, if any, may impact our financial results, result in dilution to our stockholders, create downward pressure on the price of our Class A common stock, and restrict our ability to raise additional capital or to engage in a beneficial takeover.

In July 2025, we issued approximately $750.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030, or the Notes. We are subject to a variety of risks related to the Notes, such as:

•
servicing our debt requires a certain level of cash flow or financing from other sources, and our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal and interest, or to refinance or repurchase our Notes depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control;
•
our ability to refinance or repurchase our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time, and if we are unable to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, we may be unable to meet the obligations of our Notes;
•
if shares of our Class A common stock are issued to the holders of the Notes upon conversion, there will be dilution to our stockholders’ equity and the market price of our Class A common stock may decrease due to the additional selling pressure in the market.
•
certain provisions in the indentures governing the Notes may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial takeover attempt of us; and
•
we may from time to time seek to retire or purchase our outstanding debt, including the Notes, through cash purchases and/or exchanges for other securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors. The amounts involved in any such transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may be material. Further, any such purchases or exchanges may result in us acquiring and retiring a substantial amount of such indebtedness, which could impact the trading liquidity of such indebtedness.

The conditional conversion feature of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Notes is triggered, holders of the Notes will be entitled to convert their Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our Class A common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.

The capped call transactions may affect the value of the Notes and our Class A common stock.

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In connection with the issuance of the Notes, we entered into capped call transactions with one of the initial purchasers and certain other financial institutions, or the option counterparties. The capped call transactions cover, subject to customary adjustments, the number of shares of our Class A common stock initially underlying the Notes. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to our Class A common stock upon any conversion of Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.

In connection with establishing their initial hedges of the capped call transactions, the option counterparties or their respective affiliates likely entered into various derivative transactions with respect to our Class A common stock and/or purchased shares of our Class A common stock concurrently with or shortly after the pricing of the Notes, including with, or from, as the case may be, certain investors in the Notes. In addition, the option counterparties or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our Class A common stock and/or purchasing or selling our Class A common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions following the issuance of the Notes and prior to the maturity of the Notes (and are likely to do so during the 20 trading day period beginning on the 21st scheduled trading day prior to the maturity date of the Notes, or, to the extent we exercise the relevant election under the capped call transactions, following any repurchase, redemption, or conversion of the Notes). The potential effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the market price of our Class A common stock or the Notes will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be ascertained at this time. Any of these activities could adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock and the value of the Notes.

We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the capped call transactions.

The option counterparties are financial institutions, and we will be subject to the risk that any or all of them might default under the capped call transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties will not be secured by any collateral.

Global economic conditions have from time to time resulted in the actual or perceived failure or financial difficulties of many financial institutions and could adversely affect the option counterparties’ performance under the capped call transactions. If an option counterparty becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under the capped call transaction with such option counterparty. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, an increase in our exposure will be correlated to an increase in the market price and in the volatility of our Class A common stock. In addition, upon a default by an option counterparty, we may suffer more dilution than we currently anticipate with respect to our Class A common stock. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of the option counterparties.

In addition, the terms of the capped call transactions may be subject to adjustment, modification or, in some cases, renegotiation in the event of certain corporate and other transactions. The capped call transactions may not operate as we intend in the event that we are required to adjust the terms of such instruments as a result of transactions in the future or in the event of other unanticipated developments that may adversely affect the functioning of the capped call transactions.

Item 2. U nregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds

On June 17, 2024, we completed our IPO in which we issued and sold 11,100,000 shares of Class A common stock, at a public offering price of $37.00 per share. We received net proceeds of $382.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $28.7 million. In connection with the closing of the IPO, all shares of our then-outstanding convertible preferred stock automatically converted into an aggregate of 66,640,660 shares of Class A common stock. All shares sold were registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-279558), as amended (the “Registration statement”), declared effective by the SEC on June 13, 2024. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Allen acted as representatives of the underwriters for the IPO. The offering terminated after the sale of all securities registered pursuant to the Registration Statement. No payments for such expenses were made directly or indirectly to (i) any of our officers or directors or their associates, (ii) any persons owning 10% or more of any class of our equity securities, or (iii) any of our affiliates.

We used a portion of the net proceeds from our IPO to satisfy tax withholding and remittance obligations related to RSU Net Settlement and for working capital for the quarter ended June 30, 2025. There has been no material change in the expected use of the

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net proceeds from our IPO as described in the Final Prospectus dated as of June 13, 2024 and filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) on June 17, 2024.

Item 3. De faults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safet y Disclosures

Not applicable.

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Item 5. Oth er Information

Reincorporation

On August 7, 2025, we filed (i) a certificate of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and (ii) articles of conversion with the Nevada Secretary of State, pursuant to which the reincorporation of the Company from the State of Delaware to the State of Nevada, or the Reincorporation, became effective on August 7, 2025 at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time, or the Effective Time. At the Effective Time, (i) our state of incorporation changed from the State of Delaware to the State of Nevada; and (ii) the affairs of our Company ceased to be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware and our Thirteenth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, and instead became governed by the laws of the State of Nevada and the articles of incorporation filed with the Nevada Secretary of State, or the Nevada Articles and the bylaws approved by our board of directors, or the Nevada Bylaws. The Reincorporation did not result in any change in the headquarters, business, jobs, management, properties, location of any of our offices or facilities, number of employees, obligations, assets, liabilities or net worth (other than as a result of the transaction costs related to the Reincorporation). The Reincorporation did not materially affect any of our material contracts with any third parties, and our rights and obligations under those material contractual arrangements continue to be the rights and obligations of our Company after the Reincorporation.

At the Effective Time, each outstanding share of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Delaware corporation, or Delaware Corporation Class A Common Stock automatically converted into one outstanding share of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Nevada corporation, or Nevada Corporation Class A Common Stock or Class A Common Stock, and each outstanding share of Class B Common Stock of the Delaware corporation, par value $0.0001 per share, or Delaware Corporation Class B Common Stock, automatically converted into one outstanding share of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Nevada corporation, or Nevada Corporation Class B Common Stock. Each book entry credit with our transfer agent, Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, will be automatically updated without any action required on behalf of the stockholders. At the Effective Time, each outstanding restricted stock award, restricted stock unit (including performance units), option, warrant or other right to acquire shares of Delaware Corporation Class A Common Stock or Delaware Corporation Class B Common Stock automatically became a restricted stock award, restricted stock unit (including performance units), option, warrant or other right to acquire an equal number of shares of Nevada Corporation Class A Common Stock or Nevada Corporation Class B Common Stock, as applicable, under the same terms and conditions. The Nevada Corporation Class A Common Stock continues to be traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “TEM.”

Certain rights of our stockholders were changed as a result of the Reincorporation. A more detailed description of the Plan of Conversion, the Nevada Articles, the Nevada Bylaws, and the effects of the Reincorporation is set forth in our definitive proxy statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 7, 2025. In addition, certain ministerial changes were made to the indenture for our 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030, or the Notes. The foregoing descriptions of the Plan of Conversion the Nevada Articles and the supplemental indenture for the Notes, or the Supplemental Indenture, do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety to the Plan of Conversion, the Nevada Articles and the Supplemental Indenture filed as Exhibits 2.1, 3.1 and 4.5, respectively, to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.

Amended and Restated Bylaws

On August 7, 2025, immediately following the Effective Time, our board of directors approved the amendment and restatement of the Nevada Bylaws, or the A&R Nevada Bylaws, to remove the requirement to provide a list of stockholders entitled to vote at stockholder meetings and to remove the restrictions on what can be delegated by our board of directors to committees of the board of directors as such restrictions are not required by the Nevada Revised Statutes, or the NRS. The foregoing description of the A&R Nevada Bylaws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety to the A&R Nevada Bylaws filed as Exhibit 3.2 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.

Amended and Restated Articles

On August 7, 2025, immediately following the Effective Time, our board of directors approved an amendment of the Nevada Articles, or the A&R Articles, subject to obtaining the required stockholder approval thereof, to among other things, waive jury trials for internal actions in conformity with recent amendments to Nevada law, opt us out of certain statutory requirements regarding dividends and other distributions pursuant to NRS 78.288(2)(b), and opt out of the provisions of Nevada’s “combinations with interested stockholders” statutes (NRS 78.411 to 78.444). On August 8, 2025, stockholders holding a majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock, or the Majority Stockholder, pursuant to an in accordance with NRS 78.320, 78.385, 78.390 and 78.403, approved the A&R Articles. We intend to file an information statement on Schedule 14C with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to the actions taken by the Majority Stockholder and the A&R Articles will not become effective until the date that is 20 calendar days after a definitive information statement on Form 14C is first mailed or otherwise delivered to holders of our capital stock.

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At the Market Sales Agreement

On August 8, 2025, we entered into a Controlled Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with Morgan Stanley & Co., LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., TD Securities (USA), LLC and Allen & Company LLC, as sales agents, or collectively, the Sales Agents, pursuant to which we may offer and sell from time to time, at our option, shares of Class A Common Stock through the Sales Agents. The issuance and sale, if any, of shares of Class A Common Stock under the Sales Agreement will be made pursuant to an automatically effective registration statement on Form S-3 and the related prospectus included therein, or the ATM Prospectus, in each case to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, under the ATM Prospectus, we may offer and sell shares of Class A Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $500.0 million from time to time through the Sales Agents.

The sale, if any, of shares of our Class A Common Stock under the Sales Agreement will be made by any method permitted that is deemed to be an “at-the-market” equity offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, including sales made directly on The Nasdaq Global Select Market or any other trading market for the Class A Common Stock. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Sales Agents will use their commercially reasonable efforts to sell the shares of Class A Common Stock from time to time, based upon our instructions.

The compensation payable to the Sales Agents as sales agents shall be up to 3.0% of the gross sales price of the shares of Class A Common Stock sold through the Sales Agents pursuant to the Sales Agreement. In addition, we will reimburse the Sales Agents for certain expenses incurred in connection with the Sales Agreement, and we have agreed in the Sales Agreement to provide indemnification and contribution to the Sales Agents against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

We are not obligated to make any sales of shares of Class A Common Stock under the Sales Agreement. The offering of shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon (a) the election of the Sales Agents upon the occurrence of certain adverse events, (b) ten days’ advance notice from the Company to the Sales Agents or ten days’ advance notice from any of the Sales Agents to the Company or (c) otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreement.

The foregoing summary of the Sales Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety to the Sales Agreement filed as Exhibit 10.3 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference..

The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Sales Agreement were made solely for the benefit of the parties to the Sales Agreement, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties. Accordingly, the Sales Agreement is incorporated herein by reference only to provide investors with information regarding the terms of the Sales Agreement and not to provide investors with any other factual information regarding the Company or its business, and should be read in conjunction with the disclosures in our periodic reports and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the shares of our Class A Common Stock discussed herein, nor shall there be any offer, solicitation, or sale of the shares of Class A Common Stock in any state or other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction.

Grants of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units

On August 7, 2025, the Compensation Committee of our board of directors, or the Committee, approved the following grants of performance-based restricted stock units, or PSUs, under the Tempus AI, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan, or the Plan, to our named executive officers and principal financial officer: (i) Eric Lefkofsky, our Chief Executive Officer: 750,000 PSUs; (ii) Ryan Fukushima, our Chief Operating Officer: 199,800 PSUs; (iii) Andrew Polovin, our Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary: 99,900 PSUs; and (iv) Jim Rogers, our Chief Financial Officer: 99,900 PSUs.

The PSUs can be earned based on the satisfaction of certain performance-based vesting conditions during three overlapping performance periods—calendar year 2025, calendar years 2025 and 2026, and calendar years 2025, 2026 and 2027—and service-based vesting conditions following each of the performance periods. The performance-based vesting conditions are based 50% on the Company’s compound revenue growth for the applicable performance period and 50% on a comparison of the Company’s total shareholder return to the return of the Nasdaq Composite Index over the applicable performance period, and one-sixth of the total PSUs can be earned with respect to each performance goal for a performance period. If the Committee determines that a performance goal has been achieved for a performance period, the corresponding number of PSUs will vest on the vesting date (August 15, 2026, August 15, 2027, or August 15, 2028) that immediately follows the end of the applicable performance period, subject to the recipient’s continuous service through such date. If either performance goal is not achieved during one of the first two performance periods, but is

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achieved during the final performance period, any PSUs with respect to such performance goal that had not previously been earned based on performance will vest on the final vesting date, subject to the recipient’s continued service through such date.

The PSUs are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Plan and the form of restricted stock unit agreement thereunder.

Disclosure of Trading Arrangements

During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025, no ne of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exh ibits

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number |  | Description of Exhibit |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
2.1* |  | Plan of Conversion. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.1* |  | Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.2* |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.1 |  | Indenture, dated as of July 3, 2025, by and between Tempus AI, Inc. and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee. |  | 8-K |  | 001-42130 |  | 4.1 |  | July 3, 2025
4.2 |  | Form of Global Note, representing Tempus AI, Inc.’s 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.1). |  | 8-K |  | 001-42130 |  | 4.2 |  | July 3, 2025
4.3* |  | Description of Registrant's Securities. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.4* |  | Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.5* |  | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 7, 2025, by and between Tempus AI, Inc. and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
10.1 |  | Form of Confirmation for Capped Call Transactions. |  | 8-K |  | 001-42130 |  | 10.1 |  | July 3, 2025
10.2 |  | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement, by and among Tempus AI, Inc, the loan party signatories and lender party thereto, and Ares Capital Corporation as administrative agent, dated June 30, 2025. |  | 8-K |  | 001-42130 |  | 10.2 |  | July 3, 2025
10.3*# |  | Controlled Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement, by and among the Registrant and the Sales Agents party thereto, dated August 8, 2025. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
10.4†* |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between the Registrant and each director and executive officer. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
31.1* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
31.2* |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
32.1*+ |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema with Embedded Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
104* |  | Cover Page formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* Filed herewith

+ Furnished herewith and not deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

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† Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

# Certain schedules and exhibits to this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

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SIG NATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | TEMPUS AI, INC.
Date: August 8, 2025 |  | By: | /s/ Eric Lefkofsky
|  |  | Eric Lefkofsky
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer, Founder and Chairman
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: August 8, 2025 |  | By: | /s/ James Rogers
|  |  | James Rogers
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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