2.2. Basis of Consolidation

(a) Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all the entities (including special-purpose entities) over which the Company has the power to control the financial and operating policies, which are generally accompanied by a holding of more than half of the voting rights. In evaluating whether the Company controls another entity, the existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible at the date of the consolidated financial statements are considered. The subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is passed to the Company and they are excluded from the consolidation on the date they cease to be so controlled. The results and cash are incorporated from the date of acquisition.

Balances, transactions and unrealized gains on transactions between the Company’s entities are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment loss of the asset transferred. When necessary, in order to ensure uniformity with the policies adopted by the Company, the accounting policies of the subsidiaries are modified.

To account for and identify the financial information to be disclosed when carrying out a business combination, such as the acquisition of an entity by the Company, the acquisition method provided for in IFRS 3: Business combinations is used.

(b) Transactions with non-controlling interests

The Group applies the policy of considering transactions with non-controlling interests, when not related to the loss of control, as equity transactions without an effect on income.

(c) Sales of subsidiaries

When a subsidiary is sold and a percentage of participation is not retained, the Company derecognizes the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, the non-controlling interest and other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any gain or loss resulting from the loss of control is recognized in the consolidated income statement by function within Other gains (losses).

If LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries retain an ownership of participation in the disposed subsidiary which does not represent control, this is recognized at fair value on the date that control is lost and the amounts previously recognized in Other comprehensive income are accounted as if the Company had disposed directly the assets and related liabilities, which can cause these amounts to be reclassified to profit or loss. The percentage retained valued at fair value is subsequently accounted using the equity method.

(d) Investees or associates

Investees or associates are all entities over which LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries have significant influence but have no control. This usually arises from holding between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are booked using the equity method and are initially recognized at their cost.

Property, plant and equipment

2.4. Property, plant and equipment

The land of LATAM Airlines Group S.A. and Subsidiaries, are recognized at cost less any accumulated impairment loss. The rest of the Properties, plants and equipment are recorded, both in their initial recognition and in their subsequent measurement, at their historical cost, restated for inflation when appropriate, less the corresponding depreciation and any loss due to impairment.

The amounts of advances paid to the aircraft manufacturers are capitalized by the Company under Construction in progress until they are received.

Subsequent costs (replacement of components, improvements, extensions, etc.) are included in the value of the initial asset or are recognized as a separate asset, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the elements of property, plant and equipment, will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be determined reliably. The value of the replaced component is written off. The rest of the repairs and maintenance are charged to income when they are incurred.

The depreciation of the properties, plants and equipment is calculated using the linear method over their estimated technical useful lives; except in the case of certain technical components which are depreciated on the basis of cycles and hours flown. This charge is recognized in the captions “Cost of sale” and “Administrative expenses”.

The residual value and the useful life of the assets are reviewed and adjusted, if necessary, once a year. Useful lives are detailed in Note 16 (d).

When the value of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount, its value is immediately reduced to its recoverable amount.

Losses and gains from the sale of property, plant and equipment are calculated by comparing the consideration with the book value and are included in the consolidated statement of income.

Borrowing costs

2.6. Borrowing costs

Interest costs incurred for the construction of any qualified asset are capitalized over the time necessary for completing and preparing the asset for its intended use. Other interest costs are recognized in the consolidated statement of income by function when accrued.

Financial assets

2.8. Financial assets

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following categories: at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through gains or losses), and at amortized cost. The classification depends on the business model of the entity to manage the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

The group reclassifies debt investments when, and only when, it changes its business model to manage those assets.

In the initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset classified at amortized cost, the transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets accounted for at fair value through profit or loss are recorded as expenses in the consolidated statement of income by function.

(a) Debt instruments

The subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the group’s business model to manage the asset and cash flow characteristics of the asset. The Company has two measurement categories in which the group classifies its debt instruments:

Amortized cost: the assets held for the collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent only payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in income when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in financial income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair value through profit or loss: assets that do not meet the criteria of amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in profit or loss and is presented net in the consolidated statement of income by function within other gains / (losses) in the period or exercise in which it arises.

(b) Equity instruments

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognized in other gains / (losses) in the consolidated statement of income by function as appropriate.

The Company evaluates in advance the expected credit losses associated with its debt instruments recorded at amortized cost. The applied impairment methodology depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

Inventories

2.10. Inventories

Inventories, are shown at the lower of cost and their net realizable value. The cost is determined on the basis of the weighted average cost method (WAC). The net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the normal course of business, less estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Cash and cash equivalents

2.12. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and bank balances, time deposits in financial institutions, and other short-term and highly liquid investments and a low risk of loss of value.

Trade and other accounts payables

2.14. Trade and other accounts payables

Trade payables and other accounts payable are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently at amortized cost.

Current and deferred taxes

2.16. Current and deferred taxes

The tax expense for the period or exercise comprises income and deferred taxes.

The current income tax expense is calculated based on tax laws enacted at the date of the statement of financial position, in the countries in which the subsidiaries and associates operate and generate taxable income.

Deferred taxes are recognized on the temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. However, deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from the initial recognition of an asset or a liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction does not affect the accounting or the taxable profit or loss. Deferred tax is determined using the tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the date of the consolidated statements of financial position and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realized or the deferred tax liability discharged.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent it is probable that the future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

The tax (current and deferred) is recognized in the statement of income by function, unless it relates to an item recognized in other comprehensive income, directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or, directly in the statement of income by function, respectively.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if:

(a) there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and liabilities, and

(b) the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either: (i) the same taxable entity, or (ii) different taxable entities which intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.

Provisions

2.18. Provisions

Provisions are recognized when:

(i) The Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event;

(ii) It is probable that payment is going to be required to settle an obligation; and

(iii) A reliable estimate of the obligation amount can be made.

Leases

2.20. Leases

The Company recognizes contracts that meet the definition of a lease as a right of use asset and a lease liability on the date when the underlying asset is available for use.

Right of use assets are measured at cost including the following:

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The amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability;

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Lease payment made at or before commencement date;

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Initial direct costs, and

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Restoration costs.

The right of use assets are recognized in the statement of financial position in Property, plant and equipment.

Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following payments:

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Fixed payments including in substance fixed payment.

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Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate;

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The exercise price of a purchase option, if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

The discount rate that LATAM uses is the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. This is the rate of interest that causes the present value of (a) lease payments and (b) the unguaranteed residual value to equal the sum of (i) the fair value of the underlying asset and (ii) any initial direct costs of the lessor.

LATAM uses its incremental borrowing rate if the interest rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined.

Lease liabilities are recognized in the statement of financial position under Other financial liabilities, current or non-current.

Interest accrued on financial liabilities is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in “Financial costs”.

Principal and interest are present in the consolidated cash flow as “Payments of lease liability” and “Interest paid”, respectively, within financing cash flows.

Payments associated with short-term leases without purchase options and leases of low-value assets are recognized on a straight-line basis in profit or loss at the time of accrual. Those payments are presented within operating cash flows.

The Company analyzes the financing agreements of aircraft, mainly considering characteristics such as:

(a) That the Company initially acquired the aircraft or took an important part in the process of direct acquisition with the manufacturers.

(b) Due to the contractual conditions, it is virtually certain that the Company will execute the purchase option of the aircraft at the end of the lease term.

Since these financing agreements are “substantially purchases” and not leases, the related liability is considered as a financial debt classified under IFRS 9 and continues to be presented within the “Other financial liabilities” described in Note 18. On the other hand, the aircraft are presented in Property, Plant and Equipment, as described in Note 16, as “own aircraft”.

The Group qualifies as sale and lease transactions, operations that lead to a sale according to IFRS 15. More specifically, a sale is considered as such if there is no option to purchase the goods at the end of the lease term.

If the sale by the seller-lessee is classified as a sale in accordance with IFRS 15, the underlying asset is derecognized, and a right-of-use asset equal to the portion retained proportionally of the amount of the asset is recognized.

If the sale by the seller-lessee is not classified as a sale in accordance with IFRS 15, the transferred assets are kept in the financial statements and a financial liability equal to the sale price is recognized (received from the buyer-lessor).

The Company has applied the practical solution allowed by IFRS 16 for those contracts that meet the established requirements and that allows a lessee to choose not to evaluate if the concessions that it obtains derived from COVID-19 are a modification of the lease.

Maintenance

2.22. Maintenance

The costs incurred for scheduled heavy maintenance of the aircraft’s fuselage and engines are capitalized and depreciated until the next maintenance. The depreciation rate is determined on technical grounds, according to the use of the aircraft expressed in terms of cycles and flight hours.

In case of aircraft include in property, plant and equipment, these maintenance cost are capitalized as Property, plant and equipment, while in the case of aircraft on right of use, a liability is accrued based on the use of the main components is recognized, since a contractual obligation with the lessor to return the aircraft on agreed terms of maintenance levels exists. These are recognized as Cost of sales.

Additionally, some contracts that comply with the definition of lease establish the obligation of the lessee to make deposits to the lessor as a guarantee of compliance with maintenance and return conditions. These deposits, often called maintenance reserves, accumulate until a major maintenance is performed. Once made, the recovery is requested to the lessor. At the end of the contract period, there is comparison between the reserves that have been paid and required return conditions, and compensation between the parties are made if applicable.

The unscheduled maintenance of aircraft and engines, as well as minor maintenance, are charged to results as incurred.