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SECURITIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
SECURITIES |
5. SECURITIES
The Company’s investments in securities include agency, credit risk transfer, non-agency and commercial mortgage-backed securities. All of the debt securities are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income, unless the fair value option is elected in which case changes in fair value are recognized in Net unrealized gains (losses) on instruments measured at fair value through earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Transactions for securities are recorded on trade date, including TBA securities that meet the regular-way securities scope exception from derivative accounting. Gains and losses on disposals of securities are recorded on trade date based on the specific identification method. Other-Than-Temporary Impairment – Management evaluates available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity debt securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least quarterly, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. When the fair value of an available-for-sale security is less than its amortized cost, the security is considered impaired. For securities that are impaired, the Company determines if it (1) has the intent to sell the security, (2) is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, or (3) does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. Further, the security is analyzed for credit loss (the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis). The credit loss, if any, will then be recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), while the balance of losses related to other factors will be recognized as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss). When the fair value of a held-to-maturity security is less than the cost, the Company performs an analysis to determine whether it expects to recover the entire cost basis of the security. There was no other-than-temporary impairment recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities - The Company invests in mortgage pass-through certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations and other MBS representing interests in or obligations backed by pools of residential or multifamily mortgage loans and certificates. Many of the underlying loans and certificates are guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) or the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) (collectively, “Agency mortgage-backed securities”). Agency mortgage-backed securities may include forward contracts for Agency mortgage-backed securities purchases or sales of a generic pool, on a to-be-announced basis (“TBA securities”). TBA securities without intent to accept delivery (“TBA derivatives”), are accounted for as derivatives as discussed in the “Derivative Instruments” Note. CRT Securities - CRT securities are risk sharing instruments issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and similarly structured transactions arranged by third party market participants. CRT securities are designed to synthetically transfer mortgage credit risk from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to private investors. Non-Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities- The Company invests in non-Agency mortgage-backed securities such as those issued in prime loan, Alt-A loan, subprime loan, non-performing loan (“NPL”) and re-performing loan (“RPL”) securitizations. Agency mortgage-backed securities, non-Agency mortgage-backed securities and CRT securities are referred to herein as “Residential Securities.” Although the Company generally intends to hold most of its Residential Securities until maturity, it may, from time to time, sell any of its Residential Securities as part of the overall management of its portfolio. Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“Commercial Securities”) - Certain commercial mortgage-backed securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss). Management evaluates such Commercial Securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least quarterly. The Company elected the fair value option on certain Commercial Securities, including conduit commercial mortgage-backed securities, to simplify the accounting where the unrealized gains and losses on these financial instruments are recorded through earnings. The following represents a rollforward of the activity for the Company’s securities, excluding securities transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles, for the year ended December 31, 2019:
| Residential Securities |  | Commercial Securities |  | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance January 1, 2019 | $ | 92,467,030 |  |  | $ | 156,758 |  |  | $ | 92,623,788 |
Purchases | 62,703,862 |  |  | 244,820 |  |  | 62,948,682 |
Sales and transfers (1) | (26,506,345 | ) |  | (92,366 | ) |  | (26,598,711 | )
Principal paydowns | (17,180,225 | ) |  | (43,746 | ) |  | (17,223,971 | )
(Amortization) / accretion | (1,114,344 | ) |  | 778 |  |  | (1,113,566 | )
Fair value adjustment | 4,190,579 |  |  | 6,779 |  |  | 4,197,358 |
Ending balance December 31, 2019 | $ | 114,560,557 |  |  | $ | 273,023 |  |  | $ | 114,833,580 |
(1) Includes transfers to securitization vehicles.
The following tables present the Company’s securities portfolio, excluding securities transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles, that was carried at their fair value at December 31, 2019 and 2018:
| December 31, 2019
| Principal / Notional |  | Remaining Premium |  | Remaining Discount |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Agency | (dollars in thousands)
Fixed-rate pass-through | $ | 102,448,565 |  |  | $ | 4,345,053 |  |  | $ | (46,614 | ) |  | $ | 106,747,004 |  |  | $ | 2,071,583 |  |  | $ | (95,173 | ) |  | $ | 108,723,414 |
Adjustable-rate pass-through | 1,474,818 |  |  | 72,245 |  |  | (1,400 | ) |  | 1,545,663 |  |  | 10,184 |  |  | (31,516 | ) |  | 1,524,331 |
CMO | 156,937 |  |  | 2,534 |  |  | — |  |  | 159,471 |  |  | 545 |  |  | — |  |  | 160,016 |
Interest-only | 4,486,845 |  |  | 862,905 |  |  | — |  |  | 862,905 |  |  | 2,787 |  |  | (157,130 | ) |  | 708,562 |
Multifamily | 1,619,900 |  |  | 19,981 |  |  | (2,280 | ) |  | 1,637,601 |  |  | 82,292 |  |  | (2,696 | ) |  | 1,717,197 |
Reverse mortgages | 54,553 |  |  | 5,053 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,606 |  |  | 550 |  |  | (309 | ) |  | 59,847 |
Total agency securities | $ | 110,241,618 |  |  | $ | 5,307,771 |  |  | $ | (50,294 | ) |  | $ | 111,012,250 |  |  | $ | 2,167,941 |  |  | $ | (286,824 | ) |  | $ | 112,893,367 |
Residential credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRT (1) | $ | 517,110 |  |  | $ | 15,850 |  |  | $ | (2,085 | ) |  | $ | 515,950 |  |  | $ | 16,605 |  |  | $ | (1,233 | ) |  | $ | 531,322 |
Alt-A | 160,957 |  |  | 250 |  |  | (22,306 | ) |  | 138,901 |  |  | 12,482 |  |  | — |  |  | 151,383 |
Prime | 277,076 |  |  | 3,362 |  |  | (17,794 | ) |  | 262,644 |  |  | 14,142 |  |  | (529 | ) |  | 276,257 |
Prime interest-only | 391,234 |  |  | 3,757 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,757 |  |  | — |  |  | (590 | ) |  | 3,167 |
Subprime | 370,263 |  |  | 1,356 |  |  | (59,727 | ) |  | 311,892 |  |  | 37,205 |  |  | (118 | ) |  | 348,979 |
NPL/RPL | 164,180 |  |  | 351 |  |  | (440 | ) |  | 164,091 |  |  | 191 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 164,268 |
Prime jumbo (>=2010 vintage) | 182,709 |  |  | 1,026 |  |  | (4,281 | ) |  | 179,454 |  |  | 5,360 |  |  | (150 | ) |  | 184,664 |
Prime jumbo (>=2010 vintage) Interest-only | 554,189 |  |  | 9,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,001 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,851 | ) |  | 7,150 |
Total residential credit securities | $ | 2,617,718 |  |  | $ | 34,953 |  |  | $ | (106,633 | ) |  | $ | 1,585,690 |  |  | $ | 85,985 |  |  | $ | (4,485 | ) |  | $ | 1,667,190 |
Total Residential Securities | $ | 112,859,336 |  |  | $ | 5,342,724 |  |  | $ | (156,927 | ) |  | $ | 112,597,940 |  |  | $ | 2,253,926 |  |  | $ | (291,309 | ) |  | $ | 114,560,557 |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Securities | $ | 263,965 |  |  | 10,873 |  |  | $ | (9,393 | ) |  | $ | 265,445 |  |  | $ | 7,710 |  |  | $ | (132 | ) |  | $ | 273,023 |
Total securities | $ | 113,123,301 |  |  | $ | 5,353,597 |  |  | $ | (166,320 | ) |  | $ | 112,863,385 |  |  | $ | 2,261,636 |  |  | $ | (291,441 | ) |  | $ | 114,833,580 |
| December 31, 2018
| Principal / Notional |  | Remaining Premium |  | Remaining Discount |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Agency | (dollars in thousands)
Fixed-rate pass-through | $ | 81,144,650 |  |  | $ | 3,810,808 |  |  | $ | (36,987 | ) |  | $ | 84,918,471 |  |  | $ | 264,443 |  |  | $ | (2,130,362 | ) |  | $ | 83,052,552 |
Adjustable-rate pass-through | 4,835,983 |  |  | 247,981 |  |  | (1,337 | ) |  | 5,082,627 |  |  | 7,127 |  |  | (151,770 | ) |  | 4,937,984 |
CMO | 11,113 |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,166 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,221 |
Interest-only | 6,007,008 |  |  | 1,179,855 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,179,855 |  |  | 1,446 |  |  | (307,412 | ) |  | 873,889 |
Multifamily | 1,802,292 |  |  | 12,329 |  |  | (5,332 | ) |  | 1,809,289 |  |  | 32,753 |  |  | (3,477 | ) |  | 1,838,565 |
Reverse mortgages | 34,650 |  |  | 4,175 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,825 |  |  | 69 |  |  | (110 | ) |  | 38,784 |
Total agency investments | $ | 93,835,696 |  |  | $ | 5,255,201 |  |  | $ | (43,656 | ) |  | $ | 93,040,233 |  |  | $ | 305,893 |  |  | $ | (2,593,131 | ) |  | $ | 90,752,995 |
Residential credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRT | $ | 542,374 |  |  | $ | 28,444 |  |  | $ | (15,466 | ) |  | $ | 555,352 |  |  | $ | 7,879 |  |  | $ | (11,134 | ) |  | $ | 552,097 |
Alt-A | 202,889 |  |  | 349 |  |  | (31,238 | ) |  | 172,000 |  |  | 10,559 |  |  | (198 | ) |  | 182,361 |
Prime | 353,108 |  |  | 2,040 |  |  | (23,153 | ) |  | 331,995 |  |  | 12,821 |  |  | (830 | ) |  | 343,986 |
Subprime | 423,166 |  |  | 1,776 |  |  | (65,005 | ) |  | 359,937 |  |  | 35,278 |  |  | (594 | ) |  | 394,621 |
NPL/RPL | 3,431 |  |  | — |  |  | (30 | ) |  | 3,401 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,438 |
Prime jumbo (>=2010 vintage) | 225,567 |  |  | 1,087 |  |  | (4,691 | ) |  | 221,963 |  |  | 1,439 |  |  | (2,744 | ) |  | 220,658 |
Prime jumbo (>=2010 vintage) Interest-only | 860,085 |  |  | 12,820 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,820 |  |  | 4,054 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,874 |
Total residential credit securities | $ | 2,610,620 |  |  | $ | 46,516 |  |  | $ | (139,583 | ) |  | $ | 1,657,468 |  |  | $ | 72,067 |  |  | $ | (15,500 | ) |  | $ | 1,714,035 |
Total Residential Securities | $ | 96,446,316 |  |  | $ | 5,301,717 |  |  | $ | (183,239 | ) |  | $ | 94,697,701 |  |  | $ | 377,960 |  |  | $ | (2,608,631 | ) |  | $ | 92,467,030 |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Securities | $ | 155,921 |  |  | $ | 9,778 |  |  | $ | (9,740 | ) |  | $ | 155,959 |  |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | $ | (860 | ) |  | $ | 156,758 |
Total securities | $ | 96,602,237 |  |  | $ | 5,311,495 |  |  | $ | (192,979 | ) |  | $ | 94,853,660 |  |  | $ | 379,619 |  |  | $ | (2,609,491 | ) |  | $ | 92,623,788 |
(1) | Principal/Notional amount includes $14.9 million of a CRT interest-only security as of December 31, 2019.
The following table presents the Company’s Agency mortgage-backed securities portfolio, excluding securities transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles, by issuing Agency at December 31, 2019 and 2018:
| December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Investment Type | (dollars in thousands)
Fannie Mae | $ | 76,656,831 |  |  | $ | 60,270,432 |
Freddie Mac | 36,087,100 |  |  | 30,397,556 |
Ginnie Mae | 149,436 |  |  | 85,007 |
Total | $ | 112,893,367 |  |  | $ | 90,752,995 |
Actual maturities of the Company’s Residential Securities are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities because actual maturities of the portfolio are affected by periodic payments and prepayments of principal on the underlying mortgages. The following table summarizes the Company’s Residential Securities, excluding securities transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, according to their estimated weighted average life classifications:
| December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost
Estimated weighted average life | (dollars in thousands)
Less than one year | $ | 3,997 |  |  | $ | 4,543 |  |  | $ | 13,447 |  |  | $ | 13,670 |
Greater than one year through five years | 36,290,254 |  |  | 35,581,833 |  |  | 11,710,172 |  |  | 11,928,973 |
Greater than five years through ten years | 77,732,756 |  |  | 76,504,845 |  |  | 80,202,479 |  |  | 82,218,464 |
Greater than ten years | 533,550 |  |  | 506,719 |  |  | 540,932 |  |  | 536,594 |
Total | $ | 114,560,557 |  |  | $ | 112,597,940 |  |  | $ | 92,467,030 |  |  | $ | 94,697,701 |
The estimated weighted average lives of the Residential Securities at December 31, 2019 and 2018 in the table above are based upon projected principal prepayment rates. The actual weighted average lives of the Residential Securities could be longer or shorter than projected. The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s Agency mortgage-backed securities, accounted for as available-for-sale where the fair value option has not been elected, by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
| December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Estimated Fair Value (1) |  | Gross Unrealized Losses (1) |  | Number of Securities (1) |  | Estimated Fair Value (1) |  | Gross Unrealized Losses (1) |  | Number of Securities (1)
| (dollars in thousands)
Less than 12 months | $ | 7,388,239 |  |  | $ | (24,056 | ) |  | 139 |  |  | $ | 22,418,036 |  |  | $ | (432,352 | ) |  | 713 |
12 Months or more | 11,619,280 |  |  | (105,329 | ) |  | 352 |  |  | 43,134,843 |  |  | (1,853,257 | ) |  | 1,476 |
Total | $ | 19,007,519 |  |  | $ | (129,385 | ) |  | 491 |  |  | $ | 65,552,879 |  |  | $ | (2,285,609 | ) |  | 2,189 |
(1) Excludes interest-only mortgage-backed securities and reverse mortgages.
The decline in value of these securities is solely due to market conditions and not the quality of the assets. Substantially all of the Agency mortgage-backed securities are “AAA” rated or carry an implied “AAA” rating. The investments are not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired because the Company currently has the ability and intent to hold the investments to maturity or for a period of time sufficient for a forecasted market price recovery up to or beyond the cost of the investments, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of the amortized cost bases, which may be maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company disposed of $25.5 billion of Residential Securities, resulting in a net realized loss of ($37.8) million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company disposed of $45.6 billion of Residential Securities, resulting in a net realized loss of ($1.1) billion. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company disposed of $12.9 billion of Residential Securities, resulting in a net realized loss of ($6.4) million.

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