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SECURITIES
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
SECURITIES
5. SECURITIES
 
The Company’s investments in securities include agency, credit risk transfer, non-agency and commercial mortgage-backed securities. All of the debt securities are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income, unless the fair value option is elected in which case changes in fair value are recognized in Net unrealized gains (losses) on instruments measured at fair value through earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Transactions for securities are recorded on trade date, including TBA securities that meet the regular-way securities scope exception from derivative accounting. Gains and losses on disposals of securities are recorded on trade date based on the specific identification method.
Impairment – Management evaluates available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity debt securities for impairment at least quarterly, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. When the fair value of an available-for-sale security is less than its amortized cost, the security is considered impaired. For securities that are impaired, the Company determines if it (1) has the intent to sell the security, (2) is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before
recovery of its amortized cost basis, or (3) does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security.  Further, the security is analyzed for credit loss (the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis). The credit loss, if any, will then be recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as a Securities Loss Provision and reflected as an Allowance for Credit Losses on Securities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, while the balance of losses related to other factors will be recognized as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss). There was no impairment recognized for the three or six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities - The Company invests in mortgage pass-through certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations and other MBS representing interests in or obligations backed by pools of residential or multifamily mortgage loans and certificates. Many of the underlying loans and certificates are guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) or the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) (collectively, “Agency mortgage-backed securities”). 
Agency mortgage-backed securities may include forward contracts for Agency mortgage-backed securities purchases or sales of a generic pool, on a to-be-announced basis (“TBA securities”). TBA securities without intent to accept delivery (“TBA derivatives”), are accounted for as derivatives as discussed in the “Derivative Instruments” Note.
CRT Securities - CRT securities are risk sharing instruments issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and similarly structured transactions arranged by third party market participants. CRT securities are designed to synthetically transfer mortgage credit risk from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to private investors.
Non-Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities - The Company invests in non-Agency mortgage-backed securities such as those issued in prime loan, Alt-A loan, subprime loan, non-performing loan (“NPL”) and re-performing loan (“RPL”) securitizations.
Agency mortgage-backed securities, non-Agency mortgage-backed securities and CRT securities are referred to herein as “Residential Securities.” Although the Company generally intends to hold most of its Residential Securities until maturity, it may, from time to time, sell any of its Residential Securities as part of the overall management of its portfolio.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“Commercial Securities”) - Certain commercial mortgage-backed securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with any credit loss recognized through an allowance for credit losses and any other unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss). Management evaluates its Commercial Securities for impairment at least quarterly. The Company elected the fair value option for all other Commercial Securities, including conduit and credit commercial mortgage-backed securities, to simplify the accounting where the unrealized gains and losses on these financial instruments are recorded through earnings.
The following represents a rollforward of the activity for the Company’s securities, excluding securities transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles, for the six months ended June 30, 2020:
 
Residential Securities
 
Commercial Securities
 
Total
 
(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance January 1, 2020
$
114,560,557

 
$
273,023

 
$
114,833,580

Purchases
19,317,457

 
—

 
19,317,457

Sales and transfers (1)
(47,391,453
)
 
(194,057
)
 
(47,585,510
)
Principal paydowns
(9,302,451
)
 
(4,933
)
 
(9,307,384
)
(Amortization) / accretion
(887,336
)
 
378

 
(886,958
)
Fair value adjustment
1,447,767

 
(13,209
)
 
1,434,558

Ending balance June 30, 2020
$
77,744,541

 
$
61,202

 
$
77,805,743

 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)     Includes transfers to securitization vehicles.

The following tables present the Company’s securities portfolio, excluding securities transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles, that was carried at their fair value at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
 
June 30, 2020
 
Principal /
Notional
 
Remaining Premium
 
Remaining Discount
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated Fair Value
Agency
(dollars in thousands)
Fixed-rate pass-through
$
67,681,807

 
$
3,078,694

 
$
(25,303
)
 
$
70,735,198

 
$
3,479,647

 
$
(214
)
 
$
74,214,631

Adjustable-rate pass-through
560,942

 
5,136

 
(3,063
)
 
563,015

 
26,130

 
(5
)
 
589,140

CMO
149,798

 
2,334

 
—

 
152,132

 
10,542

 
—

 
162,674

Interest-only
3,363,096

 
640,320

 
—

 
640,320

 
12,892

 
(130,278
)
 
522,934

Multifamily
1,144,549

 
14,609

 
(1,108
)
 
1,158,050

 
55,226

 
(70
)
 
1,213,206

Reverse mortgages
53,931

 
4,622

 
—

 
58,553

 
701

 
(39
)
 
59,215

Total agency securities
$
72,954,123

 
$
3,745,715

 
$
(29,474
)
 
$
73,307,268

 
$
3,585,138

 
$
(130,606
)
 
$
76,761,800

Residential credit
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

CRT (1)
$
423,284

 
$
10,439

 
$
(1,144
)
 
$
419,428

 
$
112

 
$
(56,639
)
 
$
362,901

Alt-A
106,758

 
52

 
(20,570
)
 
86,240

 
5,093

 
(681
)
 
90,652

Prime
179,368

 
4,320

 
(14,649
)
 
169,039

 
9,544

 
(1,538
)
 
177,045

Prime interest-only
280,259

 
2,906

 
—

 
2,906

 
—

 
(974
)
 
1,932

Subprime
135,160

 
—

 
(20,853
)
 
114,307

 
6,396

 
(16
)
 
120,687

NPL/RPL
191,529

 
791

 
(1,423
)
 
190,897

 
1,644

 
(2,026
)
 
190,515

Prime jumbo (>=2010 vintage)
39,977

 
—

 
(4,656
)
 
35,321

 
666

 
(400
)
 
35,587

Prime jumbo (>=2010 vintage) Interest-only
448,980

 
8,185

 
—

 
8,185

 
—

 
(4,763
)
 
3,422

Total residential credit securities
$
1,805,315

 
$
26,693

 
$
(63,295
)
 
$
1,026,323

 
$
23,455

 
$
(67,037
)
 
$
982,741

Total Residential Securities
$
74,759,438

 
$
3,772,408

 
$
(92,769
)
 
$
74,333,591

 
$
3,608,593

 
$
(197,643
)
 
$
77,744,541

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Securities
$
74,458

 
$
66

 
$
(7,692
)
 
$
66,832

 
$
—

 
$
(5,630
)
 
$
61,202

Total securities
$
74,833,896

 
$
3,772,474

 
$
(100,461
)
 
$
74,400,423

 
$
3,608,593

 
$
(203,273
)
 
$
77,805,743

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
Principal /
Notional
 
Remaining Premium
 
Remaining Discount
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated Fair Value
Agency
(dollars in thousands)
Fixed-rate pass-through
$
102,448,565

 
$
4,345,053

 
$
(46,614
)
 
$
106,747,004

 
$
2,071,583

 
$
(95,173
)
 
$
108,723,414

Adjustable-rate pass-through
1,474,818

 
72,245

 
(1,400
)
 
1,545,663

 
10,184

 
(31,516
)
 
1,524,331

CMO
156,937

 
2,534

 
—

 
159,471

 
545

 
—

 
160,016

Interest-only
4,486,845

 
862,905

 
—

 
862,905

 
2,787

 
(157,130
)
 
708,562

Multifamily
1,619,900

 
19,981

 
(2,280
)
 
1,637,601

 
82,292

 
(2,696
)
 
1,717,197

Reverse mortgages
54,553

 
5,053

 
—

 
59,606

 
550

 
(309
)
 
59,847

Total agency investments
$
110,241,618

 
$
5,307,771

 
$
(50,294
)
 
$
111,012,250

 
$
2,167,941

 
$
(286,824
)
 
$
112,893,367

Residential credit
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

CRT (1)
$
517,110

 
$
15,850

 
$
(2,085
)
 
$
515,950

 
$
16,605

 
$
(1,233
)
 
$
531,322

Alt-A
160,957

 
250

 
(22,306
)
 
138,901

 
12,482

 
—

 
151,383

Prime
277,076

 
3,362

 
(17,794
)
 
262,644

 
14,142

 
(529
)
 
276,257

Prime interest-only
391,234

 
3,757

 
—

 
3,757

 
—

 
(590
)
 
3,167

Subprime
370,263

 
1,356

 
(59,727
)
 
311,892

 
37,205

 
(118
)
 
348,979

NPL/RPL
164,180

 
351

 
(440
)
 
164,091

 
191

 
(14
)
 
164,268

Prime jumbo (>=2010 vintage)
182,709

 
1,026

 
(4,281
)
 
179,454

 
5,360

 
(150
)
 
184,664

Prime jumbo (>=2010 vintage) Interest-only
554,189

 
9,001

 
—

 
9,001

 
—

 
(1,851
)
 
7,150

Total residential credit securities
$
2,617,718

 
$
34,953

 
$
(106,633
)
 
$
1,585,690

 
$
85,985

 
$
(4,485
)
 
$
1,667,190

Total Residential Securities
$
112,859,336

 
$
5,342,724

 
$
(156,927
)
 
$
112,597,940

 
$
2,253,926

 
$
(291,309
)
 
$
114,560,557

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Securities
$
263,965

 
$
10,873

 
$
(9,393
)
 
$
265,445

 
$
7,710

 
$
(132
)
 
$
273,023

Total securities
$
113,123,301

 
$
5,353,597

 
$
(166,320
)
 
$
112,863,385

 
$
2,261,636

 
$
(291,441
)
 
$
114,833,580

 

(1)
Principal/Notional amount includes $13.2 million and $14.9 million of a CRT interest-only security as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.


The following table presents the Company’s Agency mortgage-backed securities portfolio, excluding securities transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles, by issuing Agency at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Investment Type
(dollars in thousands)
Fannie Mae
$
54,418,283

 
$
76,656,831

Freddie Mac
22,206,471

 
36,087,100

Ginnie Mae
137,046

 
149,436

Total
$
76,761,800

 
$
112,893,367

 
 
 
 

Actual maturities of the Company’s Residential Securities are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities because actual maturities of the portfolio are affected by periodic payments and prepayments of principal on the underlying mortgages.
The following table summarizes the Company’s Residential Securities, excluding securities transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles, at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, according to their estimated weighted average life classifications:
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
Estimated weighted average life
(dollars in thousands)
Less than one year
$
1,209,988

 
$
1,206,144

 
$
3,997

 
$
4,543

Greater than one year through five years
56,873,831

 
54,319,935

 
36,290,254

 
35,581,833

Greater than five years through ten years
18,855,032

 
18,027,945

 
77,732,756

 
76,504,845

Greater than ten years
805,690

 
779,567

 
533,550

 
506,719

Total
$
77,744,541

 
$
74,333,591

 
$
114,560,557

 
$
112,597,940

 
The estimated weighted average lives of the Residential Securities at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 in the table above are based upon projected principal prepayment rates. The actual weighted average lives of the Residential Securities could be longer or shorter than projected.
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s Agency mortgage-backed securities, accounted for as available-for-sale where the fair value option has not been elected, by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Estimated Fair Value (1)
 
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
 
Number of Securities (1)
 
Estimated Fair Value (1)
 
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
 
Number of Securities (1)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Less than 12 months
$
312,936

 
$
(284
)
 
7

 
$
7,388,239

 
$
(24,056
)
 
139

12 Months or more
1,563

 
(5
)
 
2

 
11,619,280

 
(105,329
)
 
352

Total
$
314,499

 
$
(289
)
 
9

 
$
19,007,519

 
$
(129,385
)
 
491

 
(1)     Excludes interest-only mortgage-backed securities and reverse mortgages.


The decline in value of these securities is solely due to market conditions and not the quality of the assets.  Substantially all of the Agency mortgage-backed securities are “AAA” rated or carry an implied “AAA” rating.  The investments are not considered to be impaired because the Company currently has the ability and intent to hold the investments to maturity or for a period of time sufficient for a forecasted market price recovery up to or beyond the cost of the investments, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of the amortized cost bases, which may be maturity. 



 
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company disposed of $5.5 billion and $47.4 billion of Residential Securities, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company disposed of $9.1 billion and $19.5 billion of Residential Securities, respectively. The following table presents the Company’s net gains (losses) from the disposal of Residential Securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
 
Gross Realized Gains
 
Gross Realized Losses
 
Net Realized Gains (Losses)
For the three months ended
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2020
$
272,382

 
$
(12,496
)
 
$
259,886

June 30, 2019
$
21,017

 
$
(55,316
)
 
$
(34,299
)
For the six months ended
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2020
$
811,637

 
$
(284,494
)
 
$
527,143

June 30, 2019
$
23,543

 
$
(150,356
)
 
$
(126,813
)