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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | 9. INCOME TAXES
[a] | The provision for income taxes differs from the expense that would be obtained by applying the Canadian statutory income tax rate as a result of the following:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Canadian statutory income tax rate |  |  | 26.5 | % |  |  | 26.5 | %
Net effect of losses not benefited |  |  | 7.7 |  |  |  | 1.8 |
Tax on repatriation of foreign earnings |  |  | 5.3 |  |  |  | 2.9 |
Impairment of investments [note 2] |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | — |
Foreign rate differentials |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | (3.9 | )
Reserve for uncertain tax positions |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | (2.5 | )
Foreign exchange re-measurement [i] |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  |  | 1.2 |
Re-measurement of deferred tax assets [ii] |  |  | (0.8 | ) |  |  | 1.5 |
Earnings of equity accounted investees |  |  | (1.6 | ) |  |  | (1.3 | )
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets |  |  | (2.2 | ) |  |  | (0.7 | )
Deductible inflationary adjustments |  |  | (3.3 | ) |  |  | (1.2 | )
Research and development tax credits |  |  | (7.1 | ) |  |  | (3.4 | )
Others |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | (0.6 | )
Effective income tax rate |  |  | 27.0 | % |  |  | 20.3 | %
[i] | Includes foreign exchange gains reported on U.S. dollar denominated assets for Mexican tax purposes that are not recognized for GAAP purposes and losses related to the re-measurement of financial statement balances of foreign subsidiaries, primarily in Mexico, that are maintained in a currency other than their functional currency.
[ii] | Includes the re-measurement of deferred tax assets of certain European subsidiaries in 2022 and a Chinese subsidiary in 2021.
[b] | The details of income before income taxes by jurisdiction are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Canadian |  | $ | (57 | ) |  | $ | 220 |
Foreign |  |  | 935 |  |  |  | 1,728 |
|  | $ | 878 |  |  | $ | 1,948 |
[c] | The details of the income tax provision are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canadian |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 63 |
Foreign |  |  | 452 |  |  |  | 408 |
|  |  | 457 |  |  |  | 471 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canadian |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Foreign |  |  | (195 | ) |  |  | (72 | )
|  |  | (220 | ) |  |  | (76 | )
|  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 395 |
[d] | Deferred income taxes have been provided on temporary differences, which consist of the following:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Liabilities currently not deductible for tax |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Net tax losses benefited |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (22 | )
Re-measurement of deferred tax assets |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 28 |
Change in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Tax depreciation (less than) in excess of book depreciation |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (30 | )
Tax on undistributed foreign earnings |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  | 43 |
Unrealized (loss) gain on remeasurement of investments |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | 3 |
Book amortization in excess of tax amortization |  |  | (89 | ) |  |  | (58 | )
Others |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | (32 | )
|  | $ | (220 | ) |  | $ | (76 | )
[e] | Deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following temporary differences:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax benefit of loss carryforwards |  | $ | 760 |  |  | $ | 766 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 367 |  |  |  | 409 |
Liabilities currently not deductible for tax |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | 219 |
Tax credit carryforwards |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 84 |
Other assets tax value in excess of book values |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | — |
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange hedges and retirement liabilities |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 59 |
Unrealized losses on remeasurement of investments |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | — |
Others |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 30 |
|  |  | 1,706 |  |  |  | 1,567 |
Valuation allowance against tax benefit of loss carryforwards |  |  | (579 | ) |  |  | (586 | )
Other valuation allowance |  |  | (198 | ) |  |  | (125 | )
|  | $ | 929 |  |  | $ | 856 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 372 |  |  |  | 415 |
Tax depreciation in excess of book depreciation |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | 228 |
Tax on undistributed foreign earnings |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 206 |
Unrealized gain on foreign exchange hedges and retirement liabilities |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 11 |
Unrealized gain on remeasurement of investments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12 |
Other assets book value in excess of tax values |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |
|  |  | 750 |  |  |  | 875 |
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | (19 | )
The net deferred tax liabilities are presented on the consolidated balance sheet in the following categories:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Long-term deferred tax assets |  | $ | 491 |  |  | $ | 421 |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (312 | ) |  |  | (440 | )
|  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | (19 | )
[f] | Deferred income taxes have not been provided on $4.6 billion of undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries, as the Company has concluded that such earnings should not give rise to additional tax liabilities upon repatriation or are indefinitely reinvested. A determination of the amount of the unrecognized tax liability relating to the remittance of such undistributed earnings is not practicable.
[g] | Income taxes paid in cash [net of refunds] were $560 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 [2021 - $341 million].
[h] | As of December 31, 2022, the Company had domestic and foreign operating loss carryforwards of $2.9 billion and tax credit carryforwards of $87 million. Approximately $1.9 billion of the operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely. The remaining operating losses and tax credit carryforwards expire between 2023 and 2042.
[i] | As at December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits were $142 million, respectively [excluding interest and penalties], of which $ 135 million and $ 126 million, respectively, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. The gross unrecognized tax benefits differ from the amount that would affect the Company’s effective tax rate due primarily to the impact of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. A summary of the changes in gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Balance, beginning of year |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 182 |
Increase based on tax positions related to current year |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 11 |
(Decrease) Increase based on tax positions of prior years |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | 2 |
Settlements |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (5 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (5 | )
Statute expirations |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (43 | )
|  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 142 |
As at December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had recorded interest and penalties on the unrecognized tax benefits of $29 million and $26 million, respectively, which reflects an increase of $3 million and a decrease of $17 million in expenses related to changes in its reserves for interest and penalties in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company operates in multiple jurisdictions, and its tax returns are periodically audited or subject to review by both domestic and foreign tax authorities. During the next twelve months, it is reasonably possible that, as a result of audit settlements, the conclusion of current examinations, or the expiration of the statute of limitations in several jurisdictions, the Company may decrease the amount of its gross unrecognized tax benefits [including interest and penalties] by approximately $24 million, which, if recognized, would affect its effective tax rate. The Company considers its significant tax jurisdictions to include Canada, the United States, Austria, Germany, Mexico and China. With few exceptions, the Company remains subject to income tax examination in Germany for years after 2011, China and Mexico for years after 2016, Canada for years after 2017, and Austria and U.S. federal jurisdictio n for y ears after 2018.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690 + Details
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