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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-40620

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 52-2084569
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2001 Bryan Street, Suite 1600 |  |
Dallas, Texas |  | 75201
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(214) 880-3500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share | BLDR | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Small reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the issuer’s common stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of July 27, 2022 was 156,075,221.

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC.

Index to Form 10-Q

|  |  |  | Page
|  | PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  | 3
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations (Unaudited) for Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Unaudited) as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 |  | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 |  | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 |  | 6
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  | 7
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 16
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 23
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 23
|  | PART II — OTHER INFORMATION |  | 25
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 25
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 25
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 25
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 26

2

P ART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

I tem 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

C ONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Net sales |  | $ | 6,926,259 |  |  | $ | 5,576,682 |  |  | $ | 12,607,391 |  |  | $ | 9,750,457 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 4,514,112 |  |  |  | 3,993,531 |  |  |  | 8,362,870 |  |  |  | 7,097,752 |
Gross margin |  |  | 2,412,147 |  |  |  | 1,583,151 |  |  |  | 4,244,521 |  |  |  | 2,652,705 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 1,046,279 |  |  |  | 902,913 |  |  |  | 2,014,847 |  |  |  | 1,724,511 |
Income from operations |  |  | 1,365,868 |  |  |  | 680,238 |  |  |  | 2,229,674 |  |  |  | 928,194 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 70,715 |  |  |  | 27,795 |  |  |  | 112,029 |  |  |  | 59,639 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 1,295,153 |  |  |  | 652,443 |  |  |  | 2,117,645 |  |  |  | 868,555 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 307,944 |  |  |  | 155,208 |  |  |  | 490,795 |  |  |  | 198,740 |
Net income |  | $ | 987,209 |  |  | $ | 497,235 |  |  | $ | 1,626,850 |  |  | $ | 669,815 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 5.79 |  |  | $ | 2.40 |  |  | $ | 9.36 |  |  | $ | 3.24 |
Diluted |  | $ | 5.75 |  |  | $ | 2.39 |  |  | $ | 9.27 |  |  | $ | 3.21 |
Weighted average common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 170,378 |  |  |  | 207,114 |  |  |  | 173,730 |  |  |  | 206,844 |
Diluted |  |  | 171,549 |  |  |  | 208,318 |  |  |  | 175,525 |  |  |  | 208,470 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDA TED BALANCE SHEET

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 166,185 |  |  | $ | 42,603 |
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $48,011 and $39,510 at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively |  |  | 2,407,841 |  |  |  | 1,708,796 |
Other receivables |  |  | 228,191 |  |  |  | 255,075 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 2,065,349 |  |  |  | 1,626,244 |
Contract assets |  |  | 270,714 |  |  |  | 207,587 |
Other current assets |  |  | 139,036 |  |  |  | 127,964 |
Total current assets |  |  | 5,277,316 |  |  |  | 3,968,269 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 1,420,722 |  |  |  | 1,385,441 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net |  |  | 483,545 |  |  |  | 457,833 |
Goodwill |  |  | 3,336,291 |  |  |  | 3,270,192 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 1,534,242 |  |  |  | 1,603,409 |
Other assets, net |  |  | 33,786 |  |  |  | 29,199 |
Total assets |  | $ | 12,085,902 |  |  | $ | 10,714,343 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 1,265,461 |  |  | $ | 1,093,370 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 904,934 |  |  |  | 718,904 |
Contract liabilities |  |  | 259,029 |  |  |  | 216,097 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities |  |  | 96,504 |  |  |  | 96,680 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  |  | 2,885 |  |  |  | 3,660 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 2,528,813 |  |  |  | 2,128,711 |
Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities |  |  | 401,995 |  |  |  | 375,289 |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities, discounts and issuance costs |  |  | 3,552,362 |  |  |  | 2,926,122 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 339,494 |  |  |  | 362,121 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 126,885 |  |  |  | 119,619 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 6,949,549 |  |  |  | 5,911,862 |
Commitme nts and contingencies (Note 11) |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued and outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 300,000 shares authorized; 160,226 and 179,820 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively |  |  | 1,602 |  |  |  | 1,798 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 4,244,374 |  |  |  | 4,260,670 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 890,377 |  |  |  | 540,013 |
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 5,136,353 |  |  |  | 4,802,481 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 12,085,902 |  |  | $ | 10,714,343 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

C ONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 1,626,850 |  |  | $ | 669,815 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 229,805 |  |  |  | 261,553 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (22,627 | ) |  |  | (32,753 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 18,156 |  |  |  | 18,867 |
Other non-cash adjustments |  |  | 8,614 |  |  |  | 3,534 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of assets acquired and liabilities assumed: |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables |  |  | (637,115 | ) |  |  | (753,320 | )
Inventories |  |  | (419,560 | ) |  |  | (840,283 | )
Contract assets |  |  | (63,127 | ) |  |  | (113,823 | )
Other current assets |  |  | (6,790 | ) |  |  | (53,672 | )
Other assets and liabilities |  |  | 23,707 |  |  |  | 10,201 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 168,144 |  |  |  | 448,527 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 160,794 |  |  |  | 154,334 |
Contract liabilities |  |  | 40,219 |  |  |  | 23,244 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | 1,127,070 |  |  |  | (203,776 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash acquired in BMC Merger |  |  | — |  |  |  | 167,490 |
Prepayments for acquisitions |  |  | — |  |  |  | (225,000 | )
Cash used for acquisitions |  |  | (192,945 | ) |  |  | (24,833 | )
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (119,538 | ) |  |  | (98,293 | )
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 5,395 |  |  |  | 9,321 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (307,088 | ) |  |  | (171,315 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings under revolving credit facility |  |  | 3,599,000 |  |  |  | 1,769,000 |
Repayments under revolving credit facility |  |  | (3,353,000 | ) |  |  | (1,233,000 | )
Proceeds from long-term debt and other loans |  |  | 1,001,500 |  |  |  | — |
Repayments of long-term debt and other loans |  |  | (614,146 | ) |  |  | (470,330 | )
Payments of debt extinguishment costs |  |  | (20,672 | ) |  |  | (2,475 | )
Payments of loan costs |  |  | (15,816 | ) |  |  | (4,272 | )
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 434 |  |  |  | 335 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (1,293,700 | ) |  |  | (17,707 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  | (696,400 | ) |  |  | 41,551 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 123,582 |  |  |  | (333,540 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 42,603 |  |  |  | 423,806 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 166,185 |  |  | $ | 90,266 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 85,646 |  |  | $ | 53,600 |
Cash paid for income taxes |  |  | 430,789 |  |  |  | 191,070 |
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-cash or accrued consideration for acquisitions |  | $ | 7,371 |  |  | $ | 3,658,362 |
Accrued purchases of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 10,392 |  |  |  | 9,616 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations |  |  | 67,039 |  |  |  | 29,146 |
Assets acquired under finance lease obligations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,644 |
Amounts accrued for repurchases of common stock |  |  | 69,412 |  |  |  | — |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED C ONSOLIDATED STATEMENT O F CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 116,829 |  |  | $ | 1,168 |  |  | $ | 589,241 |  |  | $ | 562,374 |  |  | $ | 1,152,783 |
Merger consideration |  |  | 89,586 |  |  |  | 896 |  |  |  | 3,657,466 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,658,362 |
Vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,402 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,402 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 234 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 235 |
Shares withheld for restricted stock units vested |  |  | (232 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (10,415 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | (10,417 | )
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 172,580 |  |  |  | 172,580 |
Balance at March 31, 2021 |  |  | 206,858 |  |  | $ | 2,069 |  |  | $ | 4,246,922 |  |  | $ | 734,954 |  |  | $ | 4,983,945 |
Vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 472 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,465 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,465 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 99 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 99 |
Shares withheld for restricted stock units vested |  |  | (150 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (7,287 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | (7,289 | )
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 497,235 |  |  |  | 497,235 |
Balance at June 30, 2021 |  |  | 207,196 |  |  | $ | 2,072 |  |  | $ | 4,248,194 |  |  | $ | 1,232,189 |  |  | $ | 5,482,455 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 179,820 |  |  | $ | 1,798 |  |  | $ | 4,260,670 |  |  | $ | 540,013 |  |  | $ | 4,802,481 |
Vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 1,018 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,840 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,840 |
Repurchase of common stock (1) |  |  | (3,593 | ) |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (285,915 | ) |  |  | (285,951 | )
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 421 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 421 |
Shares withheld for restricted stock units vested |  |  | (401 | ) |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (29,380 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | (29,384 | )
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 639,640 |  |  |  | 639,640 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 |  |  | 176,886 |  |  | $ | 1,769 |  |  | $ | 4,240,540 |  |  | $ | 893,738 |  |  | $ | 5,136,047 |
Vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,316 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,316 |
Repurchase of common stock (1) |  |  | (16,871 | ) |  |  | (169 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | (990,570 | ) |  |  | (990,739 | )
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |
Shares withheld for restricted stock units vested |  |  | (90 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (5,492 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | (5,493 | )
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 987,209 |  |  |  | 987,209 |
Balance at June 30, 2022 |  |  | 160,226 |  |  | $ | 1,602 |  |  | $ | 4,244,374 |  |  | $ | 890,377 |  |  | $ | 5,136,353 |

1.
Pursuant to repurchase programs authorized by our board of directors, we repurchased and retired 16.9 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $58.72 per share for $990.7 million, inclusive of fees, d uring the three months ended June 30, 2022. We repurchased and retired 3.6 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $79.58 per share for $286.0 million, inclusive of fess, during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

N OTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

Builders FirstSource, Inc., a Delaware corporation formed in 1998, is a leading supplier and manufacturer of building materials, manufactured components and construction services to professional homebuilders, sub-contractors, remodelers and consumers. The Company operates approximately 560 locations in 42 states across the United States. In this quarterly report, references to the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours” or “us” refer to Builders FirstSource, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all recurring adjustments and normal accruals necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the dates and periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected during the remainder of the current year or for any future period. Intercompany transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. This condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the more detailed audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”). Accounting policies used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are consistent with the accounting policies described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Form 10-K.

The accounting policies of our operating segments are consistent with the accounting policies described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Form 10-K. Since the Company operates in one reportable segment, the primary measures reviewed by our CEO, whom we have determined to be our chief operating decision maker, including revenue, gross margin and income before income taxes, are shown in these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Business Combinations

When they meet the requirements under ASC 805, Business Combinations, merger and acquisition transactions are accounted for using the acquisition method, and accordingly the results of operations of the acquiree are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The consideration transferred is allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with any excess recorded as goodwill. Transaction-related costs are expensed in the period the costs are incurred. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding adjustment to goodwill.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is equal to net income for all periods presented.

Reclassifications

Certain prior periods’ amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation, including presenting contract assets and contract liabilities separately on the face of the financial statements, whereas, these contract assets and contract liabilities had previously been presented as a component of accounts receivable and accrued liabilities, respectively. Reclassifications had no impact on net income, total assets and liabilities, stockholders’ equity, or cash flows as previously reported. We have changed the composition of our product categories, including a decrease to four product categories. As a result of these changes, prior period amounts, as disclosed in Note 3, have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers which intends to address diversity and inconsistency in the accounting related to recognition of an acquired contract liability and payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022,

7

including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The purpose of ASU 2020-04 is to provide optional guidance for a period of time related to accounting for reference rate reform on financial reporting. It is intended to reduce the potential burden of reviewing contract modifications related to discontinued rates. The amendments and optional expedients in this update are effective, as elected, beginning March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and may be elected by topic. We have not elected adoption of this optional guidance and do not intend to elect this guidance before the sunset date of December 31, 2022, as there is no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

2. Business Combinations

On April 1, 2022, we acquired certain assets and operations of Panel Truss of Longview, Inc., Panel Truss – Hearne, LLC, Case-Hill, Inc., Panel Truss-Dallas, LLC, Truss Ops Trucking, LLC and Truss Ops, LLC (the “Texas Panel Truss Businesses”), and Panel Truss – Oakwood, LLC Panel Truss – Townville, LLC and Panel Truss – Ringgold, LLC (the “East Panel Truss Businesses”) for approximately $89.1 million and $79.6 million, which includes $7.0 million of contingent and deferred consideration. Each of the acquired businesses provides building components primarily to multi-family markets, serving such markets in Texas, Georgia and South Carolina.

On April 1, 2022, we acquired substantially all of the assets and operations of Valley Truss Co., Inc. ("Valley Truss") for approximately $31.6 million, which includes $0.4 million of deferred consideration. Valley Truss is a manufacturer of floor and roof trusses located in Boise, Idaho.

Each of these acquisitions were funded with a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our 2026 revolving credit facility (“2026 facility"). These transactions were accounted for by the acquisition method, and accordingly the results of operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill.

The following table summarizes the aggregate fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisitions described above:

|  | Total |
|  | (in thousands) |
Accounts receivable |  | $ | 34,959 |
Inventories |  |  | 19,544 |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 16,118 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 9,795 |
Goodwill |  |  | 66,099 |
Intangible assets |  |  | 66,601 |
Total assets |  | $ | 213,116 |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 125 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 168 |
Contract liabilities |  |  | 2,712 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 9,795 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 12,800 |
Total consideration transferred |  | $ | 200,316 |

8

3. Revenue

The following table disaggregates our sales by product category:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Lumber & lumber sheet goods |  | $ | 2,831,867 |  |  | $ | 2,596,520 |  |  | $ | 5,168,367 |  |  | $ | 4,365,818 |
Manufactured products |  |  | 1,702,880 |  |  |  | 1,088,828 |  |  |  | 3,063,240 |  |  |  | 1,949,742 |
Windows, doors & millwork |  |  | 1,218,261 |  |  |  | 846,610 |  |  |  | 2,244,117 |  |  |  | 1,591,291 |
Specialty building products & services |  |  | 1,173,251 |  |  |  | 1,044,724 |  |  |  | 2,131,667 |  |  |  | 1,843,606 |
Net sales |  | $ | 6,926,259 |  |  | $ | 5,576,682 |  |  | $ | 12,607,391 |  |  | $ | 9,750,457 |

Net sales from installation and construction services were less than 10% of the Company’s net sales for each period presented.

The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing and cash collection results in accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities. Contract assets include unbilled amounts when the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and amounts representing a right to payment from previous performance that is conditional on something other than passage of time, such as retainage. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and customer advances and deposits.

Through June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized as revenue approximately 87% and 92% of the contract liabilities balance at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

4. Net Income per Common Share

Net income per common share (“EPS”) is calculated in accordance with the Earnings per Share topic of the Codification, which requires the presentation of basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of potential common shares.

The table below presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | (in thousands, except per share amounts) |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 987,209 |  |  | $ | 497,235 |  |  | $ | 1,626,850 |  |  | $ | 669,815 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic |  |  | 170,378 |  |  |  | 207,114 |  |  |  | 173,730 |  |  |  | 206,844 |
Dilutive effect of options and RSUs |  |  | 1,171 |  |  |  | 1,204 |  |  |  | 1,795 |  |  |  | 1,626 |
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted |  |  | 171,549 |  |  |  | 208,318 |  |  |  | 175,525 |  |  |  | 208,470 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 5.79 |  |  | $ | 2.40 |  |  | $ | 9.36 |  |  | $ | 3.24 |
Diluted |  | $ | 5.75 |  |  | $ | 2.39 |  |  | $ | 9.27 |  |  | $ | 3.21 |
Antidilutive and contingent RSUs excluded from diluted EPS |  |  | 309 |  |  |  | 424 |  |  |  | 191 |  |  |  | 252 |

9

5. Goodwill

The following table sets forth the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:

|  | (in thousands) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 (1) |  | $ | 3,270,192 |
Acquisitions |  |  | 66,099 |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 (1) |  | $ | 3,336,291 |

(1) Goodwill is presented net of accumulated impairment losses o f $44.6 million.

In 2022, the change in the carrying amount of goodwill is attributable to the acquisitions completed during the year. As of June 30, 2022, no triggering events have occurred. The amount allocated to goodwill is attributable to the assembled workforce, synergies and expected growth from the expanded product and service offerings of acquisitions. The $66.1 million of goodwill recognized from the current year acquisitions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes and will be amortizable ratably over a 15-year period for tax purposes.

6. Intangible Assets

The following table presents intangible assets as of:

|  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |
|  | (in thousands) |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 1,846,465 |  |  | $ | (451,948 | ) |  | $ | 1,781,264 |  |  | $ | (328,540 | )
Trade names |  |  | 201,861 |  |  |  | (159,987 | ) |  |  | 201,861 |  |  |  | (155,141 | )
Subcontractor relationships |  |  | 5,440 |  |  |  | (4,664 | ) |  |  | 5,440 |  |  |  | (3,757 | )
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 14,919 |  |  |  | (4,458 | ) |  |  | 13,519 |  |  |  | (3,243 | )
Developed technology |  |  | 95,600 |  |  |  | (8,986 | ) |  |  | 95,600 |  |  |  | (3,594 | )
Total intangible assets |  | $ | 2,164,285 |  |  | $ | (630,043 | ) |  | $ | 2,097,684 |  |  | $ | (494,275 | )

In connection with the current year acquisitions, we recorded intangible assets of $66.6 million , which includes $65.2 million of customer relationships and $1.4 million of non-compete agreements. The weighted average useful lives of the current year acquired intangible assets are 5.6 years in total, 5.6 years for customer relationships and 5.0 years for non-compete agreements. The fair value of acquired customer relationship intangible assets was primarily estimated by applying the multi-period excess earnings method, which involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions primarily related to forecasted revenue growth rates, gross margin, contributory asset charges, customer attrition rates, and market-participant discount rates. These measures are based on significant Level 3 inputs not observable in the market. Key assumptions developed based on the Company’s historical experience, future projections and comparable market data include future cash flows, long-term growth rates, attrition rates and discount rates.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded amortization expense in relation to the above-listed intangible assets of $70.1 million and $135.8 million , respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded amortization expense in relation to the above-listed intangible assets of $80.6 million and $169.3 million, respectively.

The following table presents the estimated amortization expense (in thousands) for intangible assets for the years ending December 31:

|  | (in thousands) |
2022 (from July 1, 2022) |  | $ | 138,191 |
2023 |  |  | 245,578 |
2024 |  |  | 214,437 |
2025 |  |  | 183,846 |
2026 |  |  | 160,842 |
Thereafter |  |  | 591,348 |
Total future net intangible amortization expense |  | $ | 1,534,242 |

10

7. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of:

|  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Accrued payroll and other employee related expenses |  | $ | 462,344 |  |  | $ | 385,800 |
Accrued business taxes |  |  | 110,009 |  |  |  | 81,055 |
Self-insurance reserves |  |  | 76,920 |  |  |  | 68,060 |
Amounts accrued for repurchases of common stock |  |  | 69,412 |  |  |  | 51,545 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 45,663 |  |  |  | 2,230 |
Accrued rebates payable |  |  | 42,485 |  |  |  | 51,805 |
Accrued interest |  |  | 34,309 |  |  |  | 31,666 |
Other |  |  | 63,792 |  |  |  | 46,743 |
Total accrued liabilities |  | $ | 904,934 |  |  | $ | 718,904 |

8. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of:

|  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | (in thousands) |
2026 revolving credit facility (1) |  | $ | 834,000 |  |  | $ | 588,000 |
4.25% 2032 notes |  |  | 1,300,000 |  |  |  | 1,000,000 |
6.375% 2032 notes |  |  | 700,000 |  |  |  | — |
2030 notes |  |  | 550,000 |  |  |  | 550,000 |
2027 notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 612,500 |
Other finance obligations |  |  | 200,767 |  |  |  | 202,995 |
Finance lease obligations |  |  | 3,066 |  |  |  | 3,787 |
|  |  | 3,587,833 |  |  |  | 2,957,282 |
Unamortized debt discount/premium and debt issuance costs |  |  | (32,586 | ) |  |  | (27,500 | )
|  |  | 3,555,247 |  |  |  | 2,929,782 |
Less: current maturities of long-term debt |  |  | 2,885 |  |  |  | 3,660 |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities, discounts and issuance costs |  | $ | 3,552,362 |  |  | $ | 2,926,122 |

(1)
The weighted average interest rate was 2.9% and 2.8% as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

2022 Debt Transactions

On January 21, 2022, the Company completed a private offering of an additional $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.25% senior unsecured notes due 2032 (“4.25% 2032 notes”) at an issue price equal to 100.50% of par value. The net proceeds from the offering were used to repay indebtedness outstanding under the 2026 facility and pay related transaction fees and expenses.

The additional $1.5 million in proceeds received in excess of par value represents a debt premium which has been recorded as an increase to long-term debt. In connection with the offering, we incurred approximately $4.4 million of various third-party fees and expenses which have been recorded as a reduction to long-term debt. The debt premium and third-party costs will be amortized over the contractual life of the 4.25% 2032 notes using the effective interest method.

On February 4, 2022, the Company amended the 2026 facility to increase the total commitments by an aggregate amount of $400.0 million resulting in a new $1.8 billion amended credit facility. All other material terms of the credit facility remain unchanged from those of the previous agreement. Effective with this amendment, the eurodollar rate loans and related interest rate benchmark were changed to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The applicable margin ranges for term SOFR loans were amended to be from 1.35% to 1.60% and there are no changes to base rate loan borrowings. In connection with this amendment, we incurred approximately $2.0 million of new debt issuance costs which have been recorded as other assets and will be amortized straight-line through December 2026. The 2026 facility is discussed in more detail below.

11

On June 15, 2022, the Company completed a private offering of $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.375% senior unsecured notes due 2032 (“6.375% 2032 notes”) at an issue price equal to 100% of par value. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 6.375% 2032 notes were used together with cash on hand to redeem the remaining $612.5 million in outstanding aggregate principal amount of 6.75% senior secured notes due 2027 (“2027 notes”) and to pay related call premiums, transaction fees and expenses.

In connection with the issuance of the 6.375% 2032 notes, we incurred $10.4 million of various third-party fees and expenses. These costs have been recorded as a reduction to long-term debt and are being amortized over the contractual life of the 6.375% 2032 notes using the effective interest method.

The Company concluded the redemption of the 2027 notes was a debt extinguishment, and recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $27.4 million in interest expense in the second quarter of 2022. Of this loss, approximately $20.7 million was attributable to the payment of the redemption premium on the extinguished notes and $6.7 million was attributable to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and debt premium.

2026 Revolving Credit Facility

The 2026 facility provides for a $1.8 billion revolving credit line to be used for working capital, general corporate purposes and funding capital expenditures and growth opportunities. In addition, we may use borrowings under the 2026 facility to facilitate debt repayment and consolidation. The available borrowing capacity, or borrowing base, is derived from a percentage of the Company’s eligible receivables and inventory, as defined by the agreement, subject to certain reserves. As of June 30, 2022, we had $834.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our 2026 facility and our net excess borrowing availability was $838.2 million after being reduced by outstanding letters of credit totaling $127.8 million.

Borrowings under the 2026 facility bear interest, at our option, at either the SOFR or a base rate, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin ranges from 1.35% to 1.60% per annum in the case of term SOFR loans and 0.25% to 0.50% per annum in the case of base rate loans. The margin in either case is based on a measure of availability under the 2026 facility. A commitment fee, currently 0.20% per annum, is charged on the unused amount of the revolver based on quarterly average loan utilization. Letters of credit under the 2026 facility are assessed at a rate equal to 1.25% or 1.50%, based on the average excess availability, as well as a fronting fee at a rate of 0.125% per annum. These fees are payable quarterly in arrears at the end of March, June, September, and December.

All obligations under the 2026 facility are guaranteed jointly and severally by the Company and all other subsidiaries that guarantee our 5.00% senior unsecured notes due 2030 (the “2030 notes”), our 4.25% 2032 notes, and our 6.375% 2032 notes (such subsidiaries, the “Debt Guarantors”). All obligations and the guarantees of those obligations are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Debt Guarantors subject to certain exceptions and permitted liens, including with respect to the 2026 facility, a first-priority security interest in such assets that constitute ABL Collateral (as defined below) and a second-priority security interest in such assets that constitute Notes Collateral (as defined below).

“ABL Collateral” includes substantially all presently owned and after-acquired accounts receivable, inventory, rights of unpaid vendors with respect to inventory, deposit accounts, commodity accounts, securities accounts and lock boxes, investment property, cash and cash equivalents, and general intangibles, books and records, supporting obligations and documents and related letters of credit, commercial tort claims or other claims related to and proceeds of each of the foregoing. “Notes Collateral” includes all collateral that is not ABL Collateral.

The 2026 facility contains restrictive covenants which, among other things, limit the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, incur liens, engage in mergers or other fundamental changes, sell certain assets, pay dividends, make acquisitions or investments, prepay certain indebtedness, change the nature of our business, and engage in certain transactions with affiliates. In addition, the 2026 facility also contains a financial covenant requiring the satisfaction of a minimum fixed charge ratio of 1.00 to 1.00 if our excess availability falls below the greater of $80.0 million or 10% of the maximum borrowing amount, which was $180.0 million as of June 30, 2022.

Senior Unsecured Notes due 2032

As described above, during 2022 the Company issued $300.0 million of 4.25% 2032 notes and $700.0 million of 6.375% 2032 notes (collectively, the “2032 notes”). The 4.25% 2032 notes mature on February 1, 2032, with interest accruing at a rate of 4.25% per annum and interest payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The 6.375% 2032 notes mature on June 15, 2032, with interest accruing at a rate of 6.375% per annum and interest payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year.

12

The terms of the 4.25% 2032 notes and the 6.375% 2032 notes are governed by the indentures, dated as of, July 23, 2021 and June 15, 2022 (collectively the “2032 Indentures”), respectively, contain consistent terms and are among the Company, the guarantors named therein and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee.

The 2032 notes, subject to certain exceptions, are guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis, by the Debt Guarantors. Subject to certain exceptions, future subsidiaries that guarantee the 2026 facility, the 2030 notes or certain other indebtedness will also guarantee the 2032 notes.

The 2032 notes constitute senior unsecured obligations of the Company and Debt Guarantors, pari passu in right of payment with all of the existing and future senior indebtedness of the Company, including indebtedness under the 2026 facility and the 2030 notes, effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured indebtedness of the Company and the Debt Guarantors (including indebtedness under the 2026 facility and 2032 notes) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, senior to all of the future subordinated indebtedness of the Company and the Debt Guarantors and structurally subordinated to any existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including preferred stock, of the Company’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2032 notes.

The 2032 Indentures contain restrictive covenants that limit the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, incur additional debt or issue preferred stock, create liens, create restrictions on the Company’s subsidiaries’ ability to make payments to the Company, pay dividends and make other distributions in respect of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ capital stock, make certain investments or certain other restricted payments, guarantee indebtedness, designate unrestricted subsidiaries, sell certain kinds of assets, enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates, and effect mergers and consolidations.

The Company may redeem the 2032 notes within five years from the date of issuance in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of each of the 2032 notes plus the “applicable premium” set forth in the 2032 Indentures. The Company may, within three years of the date of issuance, redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of each of the 2032 notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings at a premium, as described in the 2032 Indentures, of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. After the five year period from original issuance, the Company may redeem each of the 2032 notes at the redemption prices set forth in the 2032 Indentures, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. If the Company experiences certain change of control triggering events, holders of each of the 2032 notes may require it to repurchase all or part of their notes at 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the repurchase date.

Fair Value

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company does not have any financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. We have elected to report the value of our 2030 notes, 4.25% 2032 notes, 6.375% 2032 notes, and 2026 facility at amortized cost. The fair values of the 2030 notes, 4.25% 2032 notes, and 6.375% 2032 notes at June 30, 2022 were approximately $467.5 million, $994.5 million, and $628.2 million respectively, and were determined using Level 2 inputs based on market prices. The carrying value of the 2026 facility at June 30, 2022 approximates fair value as the rates are comparable to those at which we could currently borrow under similar terms, are variable and incorporate a measure of our credit risk. As such, the fair value of the 2026 facility was also classified as Level 2 in the hierarchy.

We were not in violation of any covenants or restrictions imposed by any of our debt agreements at June 30, 2022.

9. Employee Stock-Based Compensation

Time Based Restricted Stock Unit Grants

In the first six months of 2022, our board of directors granted 475,500 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees under our 2014 Incentive Plan for which vesting is based solely on continuous employment over the requisite service period. 447,000 of the RSUs vest at 33% per year at each anniversary of the grant date over the next three years and 28,500 of the RSUs vest at 25% on each of the second and third anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the fourth anniversary of the grant date. The weighted average grant date fair value for these RSUs was $63.56 per unit, which was based on the closing stock price on the respective grant dates.

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Performance, Market and Service Condition Based Restricted Stock Unit Grants

In the first six months of 2022, our board of directors granted 152,600 RSUs to employees under our 2014 Incentive Plan, that cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date based on the Company’s level of achievement of performance goals relating to return on invested capital over a three-year period (“performance condition”) as well as continued employment during the performance period (“service condition”). The total number of shares of common stock that may be earned from the performance condition ranges from zero to 200% of the RSUs granted. The number of shares earned from the performance condition may be further increased by 10% or decreased by 10% based on the Company’s total shareholder return relative to a peer group during the performance period (“market condition”). The average grant date fair value for these RSUs, with consideration of the market condition, was $70.77 per unit, which was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model applying the following assumptions:

Expected volatility (company) | 53.0%
Expected volatility (peer group median) | 34.6%
Correlation between the Company and peer group median | 0.6
Expected dividend yield | 0.0%
Risk-free rate | 1.7%

The expected volatilities and correlation are based on the historical daily returns of our common stock and the common stocks of the constituents of the Company’s peer group over the most recent period equal to the measurement period. The expected dividend yield is based on our history of not paying regular dividends in the past and our current intention to not pay regular dividends in the foreseeable future. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and has a term equal to the measurement period.

10. Income Taxes

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective rate for continuing operations is provided below:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Statutory federal income tax rate |  | 21.0 | % |  |  | 21.0 | % |  |  | 21.0 | % |  |  | 21.0 | %
State income taxes, net of federal income tax |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 2.6 |
Stock-based compensation windfall benefit |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | (0.8 | ) |  |  | (0.9 | )
Permanent differences and other |  | 0.0 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
|  | 23.8 | % |  |  | 23.8 | % |  |  | 23.2 | % |  |  | 22.9 | %

We base our estimate of deferred tax assets and liabilities on current tax laws and rates. In certain cases, we also base our estimate on business plan forecasts and other expectations about future outcomes. Changes in existing tax laws or rates could affect our actual tax results, and future business results may affect the amount of our deferred tax liabilities or the valuation of our deferred tax assets over time. Due to uncertainties in the estimation process, particularly with respect to changes in facts and circumstances in future reporting periods, as well as the residential homebuilding industry’s cyclicality and sensitivity to changes in economic conditions, it is possible that actual results could differ from the estimates used in previous analyses.

Accounting for deferred taxes is based upon estimates of future results. Differences between the anticipated and actual outcomes of these future results could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

As of June 30, 2022, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $127.8 million under our 2026 facility that principally support our self-insurance programs.

The Company has a number of known and threatened construction defect legal claims. While these claims are generally covered under the Company’s existing insurance programs to the extent any loss exceeds the deductible, there is a reasonable possibility of loss that is not able to be estimated at this time because (i) many of the proceedings are in the discovery stage, (ii) the outcome of future litigation is uncertain, and/or (iii) the complex nature of the claims. Although the Company cannot estimate a reasonable range of loss based on currently available information, the resolution of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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In addition, we are involved in various other claims and lawsuits incidental to the conduct of our business in the ordinary course. We carry insurance coverage in such amounts in excess of our self-insured retention as we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and that may or may not cover any or all of our liabilities in respect of such claims and lawsuits. Although the ultimate disposition of these other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes the outcome of any such claims that are pending or threatened, either individually or on a combined basis, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations. However, there can be no assurances that future adverse judgments and costs would not be material to our results of operations or liquidity for a particular period.

12. Related Party Transactions

An executive officer of one of our customers, Ashton Woods USA, L.L.C., serves as a member of the Company’s board of directors. Accounts receivable due from and net sales to Ashton Woods USA, L.L.C. were approximately 1% of our total accounts receivable and our total net sales, respectively, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Further, the Company has entered into certain leases of land and buildings with certain employees or non-affiliate stockholders. Activity associated with these related party transactions was not significant as of or for the six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.

Transactions between the Company and other related parties occur in the ordinary course of business. However, the Company carefully monitors and assesses related party relationships. Management does not believe that any of these transactions with related parties had a material impact on the Company’s results for the six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.

13. Subsequent Events

Business Combinations

On July 1, 2022, we acquired certain assets and the operations of Odds-N-Ends Inc., doing business as HomCo Lumber & Hardware (“HomCo”), for $30.5 million in cash, subject to certain closing adjustments. HomCo is a single location providing lumber and hardware supplies to the Flagstaff, Arizona area.

The accounting for this business combination has not been completed at the date of this filing given the proximity of the acquisition date. The acquisition will be accounted for by the acquisition method, and accordingly the results of operations will be included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The purchase price will be allocated to the net assets acquired based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in our most recent Form 10-K. The following discussion and analysis should also be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, references to the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours” or “us” refer to Builders FirstSource, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires.

Cautionary Statement

Statements in this report and the schedules hereto that are not purely historical facts or that necessarily depend upon future events, including statements about expected market share gains, forecasted financial performance or other statements about anticipations, beliefs, expectations, hopes, intentions or strategies for the future, may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. In addition, oral statements made by our directors, officers and employees to the investor and analyst communities, media representatives and others, depending upon their nature, may also constitute forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon currently available information and the Company’s current assumptions, expectations and projections about future events. Forward-looking statements are by nature inherently uncertain, and actual results or events may differ materially from the results or events described in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Any forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company’s control or may be currently unknown to the Company, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the events or results described in the forward-looking statements, including risks or uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic and its contributory effects on the economy, the Company’s acquisitions, the Company’s growth strategies, including gaining market share and its digital strategies, or the Company’s revenues and operating results being highly dependent on, among other things, the homebuilding industry, which in turn is dependent on economic conditions, lumber prices and the economy, including inflation, interest rates, labor and supply shortages. The Company may not succeed in addressing these and other risks. Further information regarding the risk factors that could affect our financial and other results can be found in the risk factors section of the Company’s most recent Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Consequently, all forward-looking statements in this report are qualified by the factors, risks and uncertainties contained therein.

COMPANY OVERVIEW

We are a leading supplier and manufacturer of building materials, manufactured components and construction services to professional contractors, sub-contractors and consumers. The Company operates approximately 560 locations in 42 states across the United States, which are internally organized into geographic operating divisions. Due to the similar economic characteristics, categories of products, distribution methods and customers, our operating divisions are aggregated into one reportable segment.

We offer an integrated solution to our customers providing manufacturing, supply and installation of a full range of structural and related building products. Our manufactured products include our factory-built roof and floor trusses, wall panels and stairs, vinyl windows, custom millwork and trim, as well as engineered wood that we design, cut, and assemble for each home. We also assemble interior and exterior doors into pre-hung units. Additionally, we supply our customers with a broad offering of professional grade building products not manufactured by us, such as dimensional lumber and lumber sheet goods and various window, door and millwork lines. Our full range of construction-related services includes professional installation, turn-key framing and shell construction, and spans all our product categories.

We group our building products into four product categories:

•
Lumber & Lumber Sheet Goods. Lumber & lumber sheet goods include dimensional lumber, plywood, and oriented strand board (“OSB”) products used in on-site house framing.
•
Manufactured Products. Manufactured products are factory-built substitutes for job-site framing and include wood floor and roof trusses, steel roof trusses, wall panels, and engineered wood that we design, cut and assemble for each home. Manufactured products also include our proprietary whole-house framing solution, Ready-Frame®, which designs, pre-cuts, labels, and bundles lumber and lumber sheet goods into customized framing packages, saving builders both time and money and improving job site safety.
•
Windows, Doors & Millwork. Windows & doors are comprised of the manufacturing, assembly, and distribution of windows, and the assembly and distribution of interior and exterior door units. Millwork includes interior trim and custom features, including those that we manufacture under the Synboard ® brand name.

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•
Specialty Building Products & Services. Specialty building products & services consist of various products, including vinyl, composite and wood siding, metal studs, cement, roofing, insulation, wallboard, ceilings, cabinets, and hardware. This category also includes services such as turn-key framing, shell construction, design assistance and professional installation of products spanning all of our product categories. We also offer software products through our Paradigm subsidiary, including drafting, estimating, quoting, and virtual home design services, which provide software solutions to retailers, distributors, manufacturers and homebuilders that boost sales, reduce costs, and help them become more competitive.

Our operating results are dependent on the following trends, events and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control:

•
Homebuilding Industry and Market Competition. Our business is driven primarily by the residential new construction market and the residential repair and remodel market, which are in turn dependent upon a number of factors, including demographic trends, interest rates, consumer confidence, employment rates, housing affordability, household formation, land development costs, the availability of skilled construction labor, inflation, mortgage markets and the health of the economy. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the seasonally adjusted annual rate of U.S. total and single-family housing starts were 1.6 million and 1.0 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2022. Many factors have impacted and may continue to impact our sales and gross margins, including continued consolidation within the building products supply industry, increased competition for homebuilder business, supply chain constraints and cyclical fluctuations in commodity prices. Moreover, our industry remains highly fragmented and competitive, and we will continue to face significant competition from local and regional suppliers. As a result of various current market dynamics, including inflation, mortgage rate increases and shifts in housing affordability, industry forecasters, including the National Association of Home Builders (“NAHB”), expect to see housing demand soften near-term. Despite expected near-term tempered market conditions, we believe the housing industry remains underbuilt and that there are several meaningful trends that indicate U.S. housing demand will continue to be strong over the long-term, including the aging of housing stock, and normal population growth due to immigration and birthrate exceeding death rate.
•
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic. While the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a materially adverse impact on our financial results to date, the extent and duration of any future impact resulting from the pandemic and its contributory effects on the economy is uncertain, and we may experience a decline in housing starts, reduced sales demand, volatility in commodity prices, challenges in the supply chain, labor shortages, increased margin pressures and/or increased operating costs as a result.
•
Targeting Large Production Homebuilders. The homebuilding industry continues to undergo consolidation, and the larger homebuilders continue to increase their market share. We expect that trend to continue as larger homebuilders have better liquidity and land positions relative to the smaller, less capitalized homebuilders. Our focus is on maintaining relationships and market share with these customers while balancing the competitive pressures we are facing in servicing large homebuilders with certain profitability expectations. Additionally, we have been successful in expanding our custom homebuilder base while maintaining acceptable credit standards.
•
Repair and remodel end market. Although the repair and remodel end market is influenced by housing starts to a lesser degree than the homebuilding market, the repair and remodel end market is still dependent upon some of the same factors as the homebuilding market, including demographic trends, interest rates, consumer confidence, employment rates, the health of the economy and home financing markets. The repair and remodel end market has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and while the extent of the impact and related uncertainties are not yet known, we may experience reduced sales demand, challenges in the supply chain, increased margin pressures and/or increased operating costs in this area of our business as a result. We expect that our ability to remain competitive in this space will depend on our continued ability to provide a high level of customer service coupled with a broad product offering.
•
Use of Prefabricated Components. Homebuilders are increasingly using prefabricated components in order to realize increased efficiency, overcome skilled construction labor shortages and improve quality. Shortening cycle time from start to completion is a key imperative of the homebuilders during periods of strong consumer demand. We continue to see the demand for prefabricated components increasing within the residential new construction market as the availability of skilled construction labor remains limited.
•
Economic Conditions. Economic changes both nationally and locally in our markets impact our financial performance. The building products supply industry is highly dependent upon new home construction and subject to cyclical market changes. Our operations are subject to fluctuations arising from changes in supply and demand, national and local economic conditions, labor costs and availability, competition, government regulation, trade policies, rising inflation and other factors that affect the homebuilding industry such as demographic trends, interest rates, housing starts, the high cost of land development, employment levels, consumer confidence, and the availability of credit to homebuilders, contractors,

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and homeowners. Disruptions and uncertainties as a result of a pandemic, like the COVID-19 pandemic, may have a significant impact on our future operating results.
•
Housing Affordability. The affordability of housing can be a key driver in demand for our products. Home affordability is influenced by a number of economic factors, such as the level of employment, consumer confidence, consumer income, supply of houses, the availability of financing and interest rates. Changes in the inventory of available homes as well as economic factors relative to home prices could result in changes to the affordability of homes. As a result, homebuyer demand may shift towards smaller, or larger, homes creating fluctuations in demand for our products.
•
Cost and/or Availability of Materials. Prices of wood products, which are subject to cyclical market fluctuations, may adversely impact operating income when prices rapidly rise or fall within a relatively short period of time. We purchase certain materials, including lumber products, which are then sold to customers as well as used as direct production inputs for our manufactured and prefabricated products. Short-term changes in the cost and/or availability of these materials, some of which are subject to significant fluctuations, are oftentimes passed on to our customers, but our pricing quotation periods and market competition may limit our ability to pass on such price changes. We may also be limited in our ability to pass on increases on in-bound freight costs on our products. We may also experience challenges sourcing suitable products for our customers and may be forced to provide alternative materials as substitution for contracted orders. Our inability to pass on material price increases to our customers could adversely impact our operating results.
•
Controlling Expenses. Another important aspect of our strategy is controlling costs and striving to be a low-cost building materials supplier in the markets we serve. We pay close attention to managing our working capital and operating expenses. Further, we pay careful attention to our logistics function and its effect on our shipping and handling costs.
•
Multi-Family and Light Commercial Business. Our primary focus has been, and continues to be, on single-family residential new construction and the repair and remodel end market. However, we will continue to identify opportunities for profitable growth in the multi-family and light commercial markets.
•
Capital Structure. We strive to optimize our capital structure to ensure that our financial needs are met in light of economic conditions, business activities, organic investments, opportunities for growth through acquisition and the overall risk characteristics of our underlying assets. In addition to these factors, we also evaluate our capital structure on the basis of our leverage ratio, our liquidity position, our debt maturity profile and market interest rates. As such, we may enter into various debt or equity transactions in order to appropriately manage and optimize our capital structure and liquidity needs.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Business Combinations

On April 1 2022, we acquired the Texas Panel Truss Businesses and East Panel Truss Businesses for approximately $89.1 million and $79.6 million, respectively. Each of the acquired businesses provides building components primarily to multi-family markets, serving such markets in Texas, Georgia and South Carolina. We also acquired Valley Truss for approximately $31.6 million. Valley Truss is a manufacturer of floor and roof trusses located in Boise, Idaho.

On July 1, 2022, we acquired HomCo for approximately $30.5 million in cash, subject to certain closing adjustments. HomCo is a single location providing lumber and hardware supplies to the Flagstaff, Arizona area.

Company Shares Repurchases

On February 18, 2022, the Company announced that its board of directors authorized the repurchase of $1.0 billion of its shares of common stock. Subsequently, on May 9, 2022, the board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program of $2.0 billion, which replaced the previous authorization. This authorization is in addition to the two previous $1.0 billion authorizations in 2021, which were completed on January 12, 2022. Share repurchases under the program may be made through a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, in block trades, accelerated share repurchase transactions, trading plans in accordance with Rule 10b-5 or Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, or any combination of such methods. The program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of its common stock, and the share repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 20.5 million shares at a weighted average price of $62.39 per share for a total cost of approximately $1,276.7 million, inclusive of fees.

Debt Transactions

On January 21, 2022, the Company completed a private offering of an additional $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.25% 2032 notes at an issue price equal to 100.50% of par value.

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On February 4, 2022, the Company amended the 2026 facility to increase the total commitments by an aggregate amount of $400.0 million resulting in a new $1.8 billion amended credit facility.

On June 15, 2022, the Company completed a private offering of $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.375% 2032 notes at an issue price equal to 100% of par value and used the net proceeds together with cash on hand to redeem the remaining $612.5 million in outstanding aggregate principal amount of 2027 notes.

These transactions are described in Notes 2, 8, and 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. From time to time, based on market conditions and other factors and subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations, the Company may repurchase or call our notes, repay debt, repurchase shares of our common stock or otherwise enter into transactions regarding its capital structure.

CURRENT OPERATING CONDITIONS AND OUTLOOK

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, actual U.S. total housing starts were 0.5 million for the second quarter of 2022, an increase of 3.4% compared to the second quarter of 2021. Actual U.S. single-family starts for the second quarter of 2022 were 0.3 million, a decrease of 3.4% compared to the second quarter of 2021. A composite of third-party sources, including the NAHB, are forecasting 1.6 million U.S. total housing starts for 2022, which is an increase of 0.7% from 2021. The composite is also forecasting 1.1 million U.S single family housing starts for 2022, which is a decrease of 4.1% from 2021. In addition, the Home Improvement Research Institute is forecasting sales in the professional repair and remodel end market to increase approximately 7.9% in 2022 compared to 2021.

Our net sales for the second quarter of 2022 increased 24.2% from the same period last year. The increase was driven by core organic sales growth of 12.2%, primarily in our single family customer segment, with acquisitions and commodity price inflation accounting for another 8.1% and 3.9%, respectively. Our gross margin percentage in the second quarter of 2022 increased by 6.4% compared to the second quarter of 2021 primarily due to core organic growth in value-added product categories, as well as disciplined pricing in a volatile, supply-constrained marketplace. Our selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of net sales, were 15.1% in the second quarter of 2022, a 1.1% decrease from 16.2% in the second quarter of 2021, driven primarily by cost leverage on increased net sales.

We believe the long-term outlook for the housing industry is positive and that the housing industry remains underbuilt due to growth in the underlying demographics compared to historical new construction levels. However, rising interest rates and inflation may dampen the housing industry as homes become less affordable for consumers, investors and builders. We feel we are well-positioned to take advantage of the construction activity in our markets and to increase our market share, which may include strategic acquisitions. We will continue to focus on working capital by closely monitoring the credit exposure of our customers, remaining focused on maintaining the right level of inventory and by working with our vendors to improve payment terms and pricing on our products. We strive to achieve the appropriate balance of short-term expense control while maintaining the expertise and capacity to grow the business as market conditions expand.

SEASONALITY AND OTHER FACTORS

Our first and fourth quarters have historically been, and are generally expected to continue to be, adversely affected by weather causing reduced construction activity during these quarters. In addition, quarterly results historically have reflected, and are expected to continue to reflect, fluctuations from period to period arising from the following:

•
The volatility of lumber prices;
•
The cyclical nature of the homebuilding industry;
•
General economic conditions in the markets in which we compete;
•
The pricing policies of our competitors;
•
Disruptions in our supply chain;
•
The production schedules of our customers; and
•
The effects of weather.

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The composition and level of working capital typically change during periods of increasing sales as we carry more inventory and receivables. Working capital levels typically increase in the first and second quarters of the year due to higher sales during the peak residential construction season. These increases may result in negative operating cash flows during this peak season, which historically have been financed through available cash and borrowing availability under credit facilities. Generally, collection of receivables and reduction in inventory levels following the peak building and construction season positively impact cash flow.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth the percentage relationship to net sales of certain costs, expenses and income items:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Net sales |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales |  |  | 65.2 | % |  |  | 71.6 | % |  |  | 66.3 | % |  |  | 72.8 | %
Gross margin |  |  | 34.8 | % |  |  | 28.4 | % |  |  | 33.7 | % |  |  | 27.2 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 15.1 | % |  |  | 16.2 | % |  |  | 16.0 | % |  |  | 17.7 | %
Income from operations |  |  | 19.7 | % |  |  | 12.2 | % |  |  | 17.7 | % |  |  | 9.5 | %
Interest expense, net |  |  | 1.0 | % |  |  | 0.5 | % |  |  | 0.9 | % |  |  | 0.6 | %
Income tax expense |  |  | 4.4 | % |  |  | 2.8 | % |  |  | 3.9 | % |  |  | 2.0 | %
Net income |  |  | 14.3 | % |  |  | 8.9 | % |  |  | 12.9 | % |  |  | 6.9 | %

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared with the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021

Net Sales. Net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2022 were $6.9 billion, a 24.2% increase over net sales of $5.6 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Core organic growth, primarily in the single family customer segment, net sales from acquisitions and commodity price inflation increased net sales by 12.2%, 8.1% and 3.9% respectively.

The following table shows net sales classified by product category:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  |
| (in millions) |  |  |  |
| Net Sales |  |  | % of Net Sales |  |  | Net Sales |  |  | % of Net Sales |  |  | % Change |
Lumber & lumber sheet goods | $ | 2,831.9 |  |  |  | 40.9 | % |  | $ | 2,596.5 |  |  |  | 46.6 | % |  |  | 9.1 | %
Manufactured products |  | 1,702.9 |  |  |  | 24.6 | % |  |  | 1,088.8 |  |  |  | 19.5 | % |  |  | 56.4 | %
Windows, doors & millwork |  | 1,218.3 |  |  |  | 17.6 | % |  |  | 846.6 |  |  |  | 15.2 | % |  |  | 43.9 | %
Specialty building products & services |  | 1,173.2 |  |  |  | 16.9 | % |  |  | 1,044.8 |  |  |  | 18.7 | % |  |  | 12.3 | %
Net sales | $ | 6,926.3 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 5,576.7 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 24.2 | %

We achieved increased net sales in all of our product categories primarily due to core organic sales growth and acquisitions.

Gross Margin. Gross margin increased $0.8 billion to $2.4 billion and our gross margin percentage increased to 34.8% in the second quarter of 2022 from 28.4% in the second quarter of 2021, a 6.4% increase. This increase was primarily attributable to increased sales in our value-added product categories through core organic growth and acquisitions, as well as from disciplined pricing in a volatile, supply-constrained marketplace.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $143.4 million, or 15.9%. This increase was primarily due to additional operating expenses from locations acquired within the last twelve months, and higher variable compensation costs as a result of higher sales and profitability.

As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 15.1% in the second quarter of 2022 from 16.2% in the second quarter of 2021, largely driven by cost leverage on increased net sales.

Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense was $70.7 million in the second quarter of 2022, an increase of $42.9 million from the second quarter of 2021. The increase was primarily due to the loss on extinguishment of $27.4 million recognized in the second quarter of 2022, as well as interest expense incurred on higher outstanding debt balances during the second quarter of 2022 compared to the second quarter of 2021.

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Income Tax Expense. We recorded income tax expense of $307.9 million and $155.2 million in the second quarters of 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 23.8% in the second quarter of 2022 and in the second quarter of 2021. The increase in the tax expense was primarily driven by the increase in income before income taxes in the current period.

Six Months ended June 30, 2022 Compared with the Six Months ended June 30, 2021

Net Sales. Net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were $12.6 billion, a 29.3% increase over net sales of $9.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Core organic growth, primarily in the single family customer segment, net sales from acquisitions, and commodity price inflation increased net sales by 13.2%, 8.2%, and 7.9%, respectively.

The following table shows net sales classified by product category:

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  |
| (in millions) |  |  |  |
| Net Sales |  |  | % of Net Sales |  |  | Net Sales |  |  | % of Net Sales |  |  | % Change |
Lumber & lumber sheet goods | $ | 5,168.4 |  |  |  | 41.0 | % |  | $ | 4,365.8 |  |  |  | 44.8 | % |  |  | 18.4 | %
Manufactured products |  | 3,063.2 |  |  |  | 24.3 | % |  |  | 1,949.7 |  |  |  | 20.0 | % |  |  | 57.1 | %
Windows, doors & millwork |  | 2,244.1 |  |  |  | 17.8 | % |  |  | 1,591.3 |  |  |  | 16.3 | % |  |  | 41.0 | %
Specialty |  | 2,131.7 |  |  |  | 16.9 | % |  |  | 1,843.7 |  |  |  | 18.9 | % |  |  | 15.6 | %
Net sales | $ | 12,607.4 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 9,750.5 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 29.3 | %

We achieved increased net sales in all of our product categories, due to core organic sales growth, acquisitions, and commodity price inflation.

Gross Margin. Gross margin increased $1.6 billion to $4.2 billion and our gross margin percentage increased to 33.7% in the six months ended June 30, 2022 from 27.2% in the six months ended June 30, 2021, a 6.5% increase. This increase was primarily attributable to core organic growth, particularly in value-added product categories, acquisitions, and from disciplined pricing in a volatile, supply-constrained marketplace.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $290.3 million, or 16.8%. This increase was primarily due to the higher variable compensation costs as a result of higher sales and profitability, as well as additional operating expenses from locations acquired within the last twelve months.

As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 16.0% in the six months ended June 30, 2022 from 17.7% in the six months ended June 30, 2021, largely driven by cost leverage on increased net sales.

Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense was $112.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $52.4 million from the six months ended June 30, 2021. Interest expense increased primarily due to higher debt balances in the first six months of 2022 compared to the first six months of 2021, as well as the loss on extinguishment of $27.4 million recognized during the first six months of 2022, partially offset by $4.6 million expensed in the first six months of 2021 related to the partial 2027 notes redemption and the 2026 facility amendment.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded income tax expense of $490.8 million and $198.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 23.2% in the first six months ended June 30, 2022 an increase from 22.9% in the first six months ended June 30, 2021 primarily related to an increase in our state tax rates as a result of acquisitions. The increase in the tax expense was primarily driven by an increase in income before income taxes in the current period.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary capital requirements are to fund working capital needs and operating expenses, meet required interest and principal payments, and to fund capital expenditures and potential future growth opportunities. Our capital resources at June 30, 2022 consist of cash on hand and borrowing availability under our 2026 facility.

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Our 2026 facility will be primarily used for working capital, general corporate purposes and funding capital expenditures and growth opportunities. In addition, we may use borrowings under the 2026 facility to facilitate debt repayment and consolidation. Availability under the 2026 facility is determined by a borrowing base. Our borrowing base consists of trade accounts receivable, inventory, other receivables, and qualified cash that all meet specific criteria contained within the credit agreement, minus agent specified reserves. Net excess borrowing availability is equal to the maximum borrowing amount minus outstanding borrowings and letters of credit.

The following table shows our borrowing base and excess availability as of:

|  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Accounts receivable availability |  | $ | 1,582.3 |  |  | $ | 1,032.9 |
Inventory availability |  |  | 1,593.4 |  |  |  | 1,125.3 |
Other receivables availability |  |  | 125.5 |  |  |  | 110.8 |
Gross availability |  |  | 3,301.2 |  |  |  | 2,269.0 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |
Agent reserves |  |  | (101.3 | ) |  |  | (66.6 | )
Plus: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash in qualified accounts |  |  | 76.2 |  |  |  | 11.3 |
Borrowing base |  |  | 3,276.1 |  |  |  | 2,213.7 |
Aggregate revolving commitments |  |  | 1,800.0 |  |  |  | 1,400.0 |
Maximum borrowing amount (lesser of borrowing base and aggregate revolving commitments) |  |  | 1,800.0 |  |  |  | 1,400.0 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding borrowings |  |  | (834.0 | ) |  |  | (588.0 | )
Letters of credit |  |  | (127.8 | ) |  |  | (126.4 | )
Net excess borrowing availability on revolving facility |  | $ | 838.2 |  |  | $ | 685.6 |

As of June 30, 2022, we had $834.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our 2026 facility and our net excess borrowing availability was $838.2 million after being reduced by outstanding letters of credit totaling $127.8 million. Excess availability must equal or exceed a minimum specified amount, currently $180.0 million, or we are required to meet a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1:00 to 1:00. We were not in violation of any covenants or restrictions imposed by any of our debt agreements at June 30, 2022.

Liquidity

Our liquidity at June 30, 2022 was $1.0 billion, which consists of net borrowing availability under the 2026 facility and cash on hand.

Our level of indebtedness results in significant interest expense and could have the effect of, among other things, reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions. From time to time, based on market conditions and other factors and subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations, we may repurchase or call our notes, repay, refinance or modify our debt or otherwise enter into transactions regarding our capital structure.

If industry conditions deteriorate or if we pursue additional acquisitions, we may be required to raise additional funds through the sale of capital stock or debt in the public capital markets or in privately negotiated transactions. There can be no assurance that any of these financing options would be available on favorable terms, if at all. Alternatives to help supplement our liquidity position could include, but are not limited to, idling or permanently closing additional facilities, adjusting our headcount in response to current business conditions, attempts to renegotiate leases, managing our working capital and/or divesting of non-core businesses. There are no assurances that these steps would prove successful or materially improve our liquidity position.

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Consolidated Cash Flows

Cash provided by operating activities was $1.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to cash used in operating activities of $203.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was largely the result of an increase in net income offset by an increase in net working capital in the first six months of 2022.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company used a net $307.1 million in cash investing in property, plant and equipment and acquisitions. Offsetting comparable net investments in property, plant and equipment and acquisitions in the first six months of 2021 was $167.5 million of cash acquired as part of the BMC Merger.

Cash used in financing activities was $696.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which consisted primarily of $1.3 billion in repurchases of common stock and the 2027 notes redemption for $612.5 million, offset by net proceeds from the issuance of $1.0 billion of 2032 notes, plus net borrowings on the 2026 facility of $246.0 million. Cash provided by financing activities was $41.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, which was primarily related to $536.0 million in net borrowings on the 2026 facility, offset by the extinguishment of debt acquired in the BMC Merger and the redemption of a portion of the Company’s 2027 notes.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Critical accounting policies are those that both are important to the accurate portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results, and require subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

In order to prepare financial statements that conform to generally accepted accounting principles, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Certain estimates are particularly sensitive due to their significance to the financial statements and the possibility that future events may be significantly different from our expectations.

Refer to Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Form 10-K for a discussion of our critical accounting estimates and assumptions.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements is discussed in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati ve Disclosures About Market Risk

We may experience changes in interest expense if changes in our debt occur. Changes in market interest rates could also affect our interest expense. Our 2030 notes, 4.25% 2032 notes, and 6.375% 2032 notes bear interest at a fixed rate, and therefore our interest expense related to these notes would not be affected by an increase in market interest rates. Borrowings under the 2026 facility bear interest at either a base rate or SOFR, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. A 1.0% increase in interest rates on the 2026 revolving credit facility would result in approximately $8.3 million in additional interest expense annually based on our $834.0 million in outstanding borrowings as of June 30, 2022. The 2026 facility also assesses variable commitment and outstanding letter of credit fees based on quarterly average loan utilization.

We purchase certain materials, including lumber products, which are then sold to customers as well as used as direct production inputs for our manufactured products that we deliver. Short-term changes in the cost of these materials and the related in-bound freight costs, some of which are subject to significant fluctuations, are sometimes, but not always, passed on to our customers. Delays in our ability to pass on material price increases to our customers can adversely impact our operating results.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls Evaluation and Related CEO and CFO Certifications. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer (“CEO”) and principal financial officer (“CFO”), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

Certifications of our CEO and our CFO, which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), are attached as exhibits to this quarterly report. This “Controls and Procedures” section includes

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the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications, and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls. We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all fraud. A system of controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. Because of the limitations in all such systems, no evaluation can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Furthermore, the design of any system of controls and procedures is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how unlikely. Because of these inherent limitations in a cost-effective system of controls and procedures, misstatements or omissions due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Scope of the Controls Evaluation. The evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures included a review of their objectives and design, the Company’s implementation of the controls and procedures and the effect of the controls and procedures on the information generated for use in this quarterly report. In the course of the evaluation, we sought to identify whether we had any data errors, control problems or acts of fraud and to confirm that appropriate corrective action, including process improvements, were being undertaken if needed. This type of evaluation is performed on a quarterly basis so that conclusions concerning the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures can be reported in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Many of the components of our disclosure controls and procedures are also evaluated by our internal audit department, our legal department and by personnel in our finance organization. The overall goals of these various evaluation activities are to monitor our disclosure controls and procedures on an ongoing basis, and to maintain them as dynamic systems that change as conditions warrant.

Conclusions regarding Disclosure Controls. Based on the required evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of June 30, 2022, we maintained disclosure controls and procedures that were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the period covered by this report there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation described above that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company has a number of known and threatened construction defect legal claims. While these claims are generally covered under the Company’s existing insurance programs to the extent any loss exceeds the deductible, there is a reasonable possibility of loss that is not able to be estimated at this time because (i) many of the proceedings are in the discovery stage, (ii) the outcome of future litigation is uncertain, and/or (iii) the complex nature of the claims.

In addition, we are involved in various other claims and lawsuits incidental to the conduct of our business in the ordinary course. We carry insurance coverage in such amounts in excess of our self-insured retention as we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and that may or may not cover any or all of our liabilities in respect of such claims and lawsuits.

Although the ultimate disposition of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes the outcome of any such claims that are currently pending or threatened, either individually or on a combined basis, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations. However, there can be no assurances that future adverse judgments and costs would not be material to our results of operations or liquidity for a particular period.

Item 1A. Ri sk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part 1, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our annual report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

There were no material changes to the risk factors reported in Part 1, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities and Use of Proceeds

Company Stock Repurchases

The following table provides information with respect to our purchases of Builders FirstSource, Inc. common stock during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share (including fees) |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
April 1, 2022 — April 30, 2022 |  |  | 4,378,651 |  |  | $ | 62.18 |  |  |  | 4,289,408 |  |  | $ | 700,000,017 |
May 1, 2022 — May 31, 2022 |  |  | 3,967,403 |  |  |  | 64.12 |  |  |  | 3,966,500 |  |  |  | 1,745,741,477 |
June 1, 2022 — June 30, 2022 |  |  | 8,615,436 |  |  |  | 54.50 |  |  |  | 8,615,269 |  |  |  | 1,276,366,507 |
Total |  |  | 16,961,490 |  |  | $ | 58.74 |  |  |  | 16,871,177 |  |  | $ | 1,276,366,507 |

In the second quarter of 2022, 16.9 million shares were repurchased and retired pursuant to share repurchase programs authorized by our board of directors on February 18, 2022, and May 9, 2022. Under the combined February and May 2022 programs we are authorized to repurchase up to $2.0 billion of our common stock. The remaining 90,313 shares presented in the table above represent stock tendered in order to meet tax withholding requirements for restricted stock units vested.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Description
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Builders FirstSource, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement of the Company on Form S-1, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 6, 2005, File Number 333-122788)
3.2 |  | Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Builders FirstSource, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 4, 2021, File Number 0-51357)
3.3 |  | Amended and Restated By-Laws of Builders FirstSource, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2022, File Number 001-40620)
4.1 |  | Indenture, dated as of June 15, 2022, among the Company, the guarantors named therein and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report of Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 16, 2022, File Number 001-40620)
31.1* |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by David E. Flitman as Chief Executive Officer
31.2* |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by Peter M. Jackson as Chief Financial Officer
32.1** |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by David E. Flitman as Chief Executive Officer and Peter M. Jackson as Chief Financial Officer
101* |  | The following financial information from Builders FirstSource, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed on August 1, 2022 formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“Inline XBRL”): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104* |  | The cover page for the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 has been formatted in Inline XBRL.

* Filed herewith.

** Builders FirstSource, Inc. is furnishing, but not filing, the written statement pursuant to Title 18 United States Code 1350, as added by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of David E. Flitman our Chief Executive Officer, and Peter M. Jackson, our Chief Financial Officer.

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC.
| /s/ DAVID E. FLITMAN
| David E. Flitman
| President and Chief Executive Officer
| (Principal Executive Officer)

August 1, 2022

| /s/ PETER M. JACKSON
| Peter M. Jackson
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

August 1, 2022

| /s/ JAMI BECKMANN
| Jami Beckmann
| Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
| (Principal Accounting Officer)

August 1, 2022

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