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Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Summary of Consolidated Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Deferred Charges

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consolidated goodwill, intangible assets and deferred charges were summarized as follows:


	2022							2021
	Cost		Accumulated amortization			Carrying amount		Cost		Accumulated amortization			Carrying amount
Intangible assets of indefinite useful life:
Goodwill	$	7,538		—			7,538	$	7,984		—			7,984
Intangible assets of definite useful life:
Extraction rights		1,729		(452	)		1,277		1,781		(431	)		1,350
Industrial property and trademarks		32		(15	)		17		45		(22	)		23
Customer relationships		196		(196	)		—		196		(196	)		—
Mining projects		39		(6	)		33		52		(7	)		45
Internally developed software		820		(534	)		286		689		(461	)		228
Other intangible assets		305		(163	)		142		351		(218	)		133

	$	10,659		(1,366	)		9,293	$	11,098		(1,335	)		9,763

Summary of Changes in Consolidated goodwill

Changes in consolidated goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:


	2022			2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	7,984			8,506			9,562
Impairment losses (notes 7 and 16.2)		(365	)		(440	)		(1,020	)
Business combinations (note 4.1)		4			5			2
Reclassification to assets held for sale (notes 4.2 and 13)		—			(2	)		(9	)
Foreign currency translation effects		(85	)		(85	)		(29	)

Balance at end of period	$	7,538			7,984			8,506

Summary of Changes in Intangible Asset

Changes in intangible assets of definite life in 2022, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:


	2022
	Extraction rights			Industrial property and trademarks			Mining projects			Internally developed software 1			Others			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,350			23			45			228			133			1,779
Amortization for the period		(44	)		(7	)		(1	)		(73	)		(13	)		(138	)
Additions (decreases), net 1		(10	)		—			(10	)		136			35			151
Foreign currency translation effects		(19	)		1			(1	)		(5	)		(13	)		(37	)

Balance at the end of period	$	1,277			17			33			286			142			1,755


	2021
	Extraction rights			Industrial property and trademarks			Mining projects			Internally developed software 1			Others			Total			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,358			24			43			213			108			1,746			2,028
Impairment losses (note 7)		—			—			—			(49	)		(4	)		(53	)		(194	)
Amortization for the period		(24	)		(2	)		(1	)		(71	)		(21	)		(119	)		(130	)
Additions (decreases), net 1		27			—			2			132			31			192			53
Business combinations (note 4.1)		—			—			—			—			—			—			7
Foreign currency translation effects		(11	)		1			1			3			19			13			(18	)

Balance at the end of period	$	1,350			23			45			228			133			1,779			1,746

1	Includes the capitalized direct costs incurred in the development stage of internal-use software, such as professional fees, direct labor and related travel expenses. The capitalized amounts are amortized to the statement of operations over a period ranging from 3 to 5 years.

Summary of Goodwill Balances Allocated by Operating Segment

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, goodwill balances allocated by Operating Segment after impairment adjustments were as follows:


	2022		2021
Mexico	$	384		361
United States		6,176		6,449
EMEAA
United Kingdom		250		280
France		201		213
Spain		57		158
Philippines		82		89
Rest of EMEAA 1		38		48
SCA&C
Colombia		202		244
Caribbean TCL		83		83
Rest of SCA&C 2		65		59

	$	7,538		7,984

1	This caption refers to the operating segments in Israel, the Czech Republic and Egypt.

2	This caption refers to the operating segments in the Dominican Republic, the Caribbean and Panama.

Summary of Pre-tax Discount Rates and Long-term Growth Rates Used to Determine the Discounted Cash Flows

As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, CEMEX’s

pre-tax

discount rates and long-term growth rates used to determine the discounted cash flows in the group of CGUs with the main goodwill balances were as follows:


	Discount rates			Long-term growth rates 1
Groups of CGUs	2022	2021	2020	2022	2021	2020
United States	9.1%	7.2%	7.3%	2.0%	2.0%	2.0%
Spain	9.4%	7.6%	7.7%	1.7%	1.5%	1.5%
United Kingdom	9.1%	7.3%	7.4%	1.5%	1.5%	1.6%
France	9.2%	7.3%	7.4%	1.4%	1.4%	1.7%
Mexico	10.3%	8.4%	8.3%	1.1%	1.0%	1.1%
Colombia	10.9%	8.5%	8.4%	3.3%	3.5%	2.5%
United Arab Emirates	—	—	8.3%	—	—	2.6%
Egypt	13.6%	10.7%	10.2%	3.0%	3.0%	5.6%
Range of rates in other countries	9.3% – 13.9%	7.4% – 11.7%	7.2% – 15.5%	1.5% – 6.0%	1.7% – 6.0%	(0.3%) – 6.5%

1	The long-term growth rates are generally based on projections issued by the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”).

Summary Of Operating Segments Presenting Impairment Charges Or Relative Impairment Risk

In relation to the economic assumptions used by the Company described above, the additional impairment losses that would have resulted from the sensitivity analyses derived from independent changes in each of the relevant assumptions, as well as the average multiple of Operating EBITDA, in those operating segments that presented relative impairment risk as of December 31, 2022, are as follows:


				Additional effects to the impairment losses recognized from the sensitivity analyses to changes in assumptions as of December 31, 2022
Operating segment	Impairment losses recognized			Discount rate +1%			Long-term growth rate -1%			Multiples Operating EBITDA 11.3x
United States	$	(273	)		(1,243	)		(986	)		—
Spain		(92	)		(59	)		(47	)		—