Commitments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

24)	COMMITMENTS

24.1)

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

As of December 31, 2024, Cemex had the following contractual obligations:


		2024

Obligations		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years		Total

Long-term debt	$		189		1,551		1,552		2,267		5,559
Leases 1			320		398		255		542		1,515

Total debt and other financial obligations 2			509		1,949		1,807		2,809		7,074
Interest payments on debt 3			262		510		359		387		1,518
Pension plans and other benefits 4			156		268		266		670		1,360
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment			293		174		2		—		469
Purchases of services, raw materials, fuel and energy 5			506		793		406		513		2,218

Total contractual obligations	$		1,726		3,694		2,840		4,379		12,639

1	Represent nominal cash flows. As of December 31, 2024, the NPV of future payments under the Company’s lease contracts was $1,171, of which, $352 refers to payments from 1 to 3 years and $209 refers to payments from 3 to 5 years.

2	The schedule of debt payments, which includes current maturities, does not consider the effect of any refinancing of debt that may occur during the following years. In the past, Cemex has replaced its long-term obligations for others of a similar nature.

3	Estimated cash flows on floating rate denominated debt were determined using the floating interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2024.

4	Represents estimated annual payments under these benefits for the next ten years (note 19), including the estimate of new retirees during such future years.

Future payments for the purchase of raw materials are presented based on contractual nominal cash flows. Future nominal payments for energy were estimated for all contractual commitments based on an aggregate average expected consumption per year using the future prices of energy established in the contracts for each period. Future payments also include Cemex’s commitments for the purchase of fuel, carbon allowances and other services.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, from the contractual obligations summarized in the table above, the description of the most significant contracts is as follows:

•

In March 2024, with the intention of hedging a significant portion of Cemex’s expected deficit of emission carbon allowances (“EUAs”) under the European Union’s emissions trading system (“EU ETS”) (note 29.13), Cemex entered into physically-settled forward purchase commitments for own use in 2029 and 2030 for the acquisition of 1.8 million EUAs for an aggregate price of $157.

•

In October 2022, Cemex entered into a five-year agreement with Neoris beginning in 2023 for the acquisition of Information Technology (“IT”) solutions and services for an annual amount of at least $55.

•

In February 2022, Cemex renewed or entered into new agreements with six service providers in the fields of data processing services (back office) in finance, accounting and human resources; as well as IT infrastructure services, support and maintenance of IT applications in the countries in which Cemex operates, for a tenure of five to seven years at an average annual cost of $60. These contracts replaced the agreements Cemex maintained with IBM, which expired on August 31, 2022.

•

Beginning in 2016, in connection with the Ventika S.A.P.I. de C.V. and the Ventika II S.A.P.I. de C.V. wind farms (jointly “Ventikas”) located in the Mexican state of Nuevo Leon with a combined generation capacity of 252 Megawatts (“MW”), Cemex agreed to acquire a portion of the energy generated by Ventikas for its overall electricity needs in Mexico for a period of 20 years. The estimated annual cost of this agreement is $24 if Cemex receives all its energy allocation. Nonetheless, energy supply from wind is variable in nature and final amounts are determined considering the final MW per hour (“MWh”) effectively received at the agreed prices per unit.

•

Beginning in 2010, for its overall electricity needs in Mexico, Cemex agreed with EURUS to purchase a portion of the electric energy generated for no less than 20 years. EURUS is a wind farm with an installed capacity of 250 MW operated by ACCIONA in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The estimated annual cost of this agreement is $77 if Cemex receives all its energy allocation. Nonetheless, energy supply from wind sources is variable in nature and final amounts will be determined considering the final MWh effectively received at the agreed prices per unit.

•

Cemex maintains a commitment initiated in April 2004 to purchase the energy generated by Termoeléctrica del Golfo (“TEG”) until 2027 for its overall electricity needs in Mexico. The estimated annual cost of this agreement is $87 if Cemex receives all its energy allocation. Nonetheless, final amounts will be determined considering the final MWh effectively received at the agreed prices per unit.

•

In regard to the above, Cemex also committed to supply TEG and another third-party electrical energy generating plant adjacent to TEG with all fuel necessary for their operations until the year 2027, equivalent to 1.2 million tons of petroleum coke per year. Cemex covers its commitments under this agreement acquiring the volume of fuel from sources in the international markets and Mexico.

F-51

•

On October 24, 2018, Cemex, S.A.B. de C.V. entered into an energy financial hedge agreement in Mexico, commencing October 1, 2019 and for a period of 20 years. Through the contract, the Company fixed the MWh cost over an electric energy volume of 400 thousand MWh per year, through the payment of 25.375 Dollars per MWh of electric power in exchange for a market price. The committed price to pay will increase by 1.5% annually. The differential between the agreed price and the market price is settled monthly. Cemex considers this agreement as a hedge for a portion of its aggregate consumption of electric energy in Mexico and recognizes the result of the exchange of price differentials described previously in the statements of income as a part of the costs of energy. As a result of this contract, during 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company received net proceeds of $5, $3 and $3, respectively. Cemex does not recognize this agreement at fair value since there is no deep market for electric power in Mexico that would effectively allow for its valuation.

24.2)

COMMITMENTS FROM EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

In some countries, Cemex has self-insured health care benefits plans for its active employees, which are managed on cost-plus fee arrangements with major insurance companies or provided through health maintenance organizations. As of December 31, 2024, in particular plans, Cemex has established stop-loss limits for continued medical assistance derived from a specific cause (e.g., an automobile accident, illness, etc.) ranging for a total limit of 550 thousand Dollars. In other plans, Cemex has established stop-loss limits per employee regardless of the number of events for a total cost of 2.5 million Dollars. The contingency for Cemex if all employees qualifying for health care benefits required medical services simultaneously is significant. However, Cemex believes this scenario is remote. The amount expensed through self-insured health care benefits was $72 in 2024, $72 in 2023 and $64 in 2022.

24.3)

CLIMATE CHANGE AND COMMITMENTS FOR THE REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE (“CO

”) EMISSIONS (unaudited)

The cement industry releases CO

as part of the production process, mainly during the calcination of limestone, as well as CO

released through the use of fossil fuels in the kilns. Currently, it is estimated that the whole cement industry releases between

5% to 8%

of global CO

emissions per year. In Cemex, from an estimate of close to

million tons of gross CO

emissions per year (excluding discontinued operations),

63% are directly related to the production process (Scope 1), 6% are indirect emissions from electricity consumption (Scope 2) and the remaining 31% arise from activities related to the rest of the supply chain which includes supply and transportation (Scope 3).

Cemex has an agenda of medium-term and long-term initiatives aiming at significantly reducing its CO

emissions in order to align the Company’s efforts with the Paris Agreement objectives of limiting global warming to 1.5ºC above

pre-industrial

levels. Cemex has defined its medium-term and long-term targets, which are mainly: 1)

reduction in CO

emissions by 2030, compared to its 2020 baseline in Scope 1 emissions (a

% reduction compared to its 1990 baseline); 2) achieve a

% reduction in Scope 2 emissions by 2030 compared to a 2020 baseline; 3) achieve reductions by 2030 compared to a 2020 baseline, of

in CO

emissions per ton of purchased clinker and cement,

% in transport emissions,

% of Scope 3 emissions per ton of purchased fuels and

% in absolute Scope 3 emissions from the use of traded fuels; and 4) reach net

zero

emissions across the Company by 2050. Cemex’s 2030 targets for its cement business were verified by the Science-Based Targets initiative (“SBTi”) to be in line with the 1.5ºC scenario. Also, Cemex’s 2050

net-zero

roadmap was validated by SBTi. SBTi, the foremost entity on science-based climate action goals, drives ambitious climate action in the private sector by enabling companies to set science-based emissions reduction targets.

To meet Cemex’s 2030 targets, the objectives have an impact that ranges from

-10%

to +10% in the total cash payout of the annual executive variable compensation of the Chief Executive Officer, the top senior management, and more than 4,500

employees, eligible for executive variable compensation. Moreover, Cemex has detailed yearly CO

roadmaps developed for each cement plant which include, among other factors: a) the increasing use of alternative fuels and electricity from clean sources as well as combustion enhancers such as hydrogen, b) the increasing use of decarbonated or lower carbon raw materials and cementitious materials to reduce the clinker factor, as well as c) a

roll-out

of other proven CO

reduction technologies and the investments required for their implementation.

Furthermore, to achieve the

net-zero

emissions target globally by 2050, Cemex is working through an open innovation platform in which it partners and collaborates with

start-ups,

universities, other industry players and entities from other industries along with the capabilities of Cemex’s Global Research and Development, Cemex Ventures, the corporate venture capital and open innovation unit of Cemex, and the internal “Smart Innovation” process, Cemex is developing a robust research and development portfolio of projects aimed at identifying the most promising technologies to capture, store and utilize CO

. These technologies should contribute beyond 2030 to fully decarbonize Cemex’s operations. To build this portfolio, Cemex is tapping into and expects to continue to tap government funding in Europe and the United States, where there are well established programs to foster innovation in the green technologies of the future. Cemex continues to pursue its strategy in the different markets where it operates.

As of the reporting date, there are no internal plans or commitments with local authorities to shut down operating assets due to climate change issues or concerns. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other expenses, net, in the statement of income, include expenses and losses associated with severe weather conditions of $9, $3 and $1, respectively, mainly related with hurricanes in Mexico and the United States in 2024, winter storms in the United States in 2023 and hurricane Ian in 2022. As of December 31, 2024, Cemex does not expect additional investments, expenses, or losses in connection with these events of nature.