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Note 6 - Share-based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
6.
Share-based Compensation
 
We maintain a Management Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) that provides various share-based financial methods to compensate our key employees with shares of our common stock or common stock equivalents. Under the Plan, as amended, we have, from time to time, utilized restricted share units, performance share units, restricted shares, and nonstatutory stock options to compensate our employees and directors. We currently are utilizing restricted and performance share units.
 
Our restricted share units have various vesting schedules generally ranging from
3
to
10
years when awarded. These restricted share units do not contain rights to vote or receive dividends until the vesting date. Unvested restricted share units are forfeited if the employee terminates for any reason other than death, disability, or special circumstances as determined by the Compensation Committee. Restricted share units are valued based on the fair value of the award on the grant date, adjusted for dividend estimates based on grant date dividend rates.
 
 
Our performance share units vest based on the passage of time (generally
2
to
10
years) and achievement of performance criteria. Performance share units do not contain rights to vote or receive dividends until the vesting date. Unvested performance share units are forfeited if the employee terminates for any reason other than death or disability. Performance shares are valued based on the fair value of the award on the grant date, adjusted for dividend estimates based on grant date dividend rates.
 
In the past, nonstatutory stock options have been granted to key employees for the purchase of our common stock for
100%
of the fair market value of the common stock at the grant date as awarded by the Compensation Committee. These options generally vested over a
10
-year period and were forfeited immediately if the employee terminated for any reason other than death, disability or retirement after age
55.
We did
not
grant any stock options during the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015,
and
2014.
 
An employee is allowed to surrender shares of common stock that the employee has owned for at least
six
months in full or partial payment of the option price of an option being exercised and/or to satisfy tax withholding obligations incident to the vesting of restricted share units, performance share units, or the exercise of an option.
 
We account for our restricted share units, performance share units, and stock options in accordance with current accounting standards for share-based payments. These standards require that the cost of all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, be recognized in our Consolidated Financial Statements based on the grant date fair value of those awards. This cost is recognized over the period for which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, subject to the attainment of performance metrics established for performance share units. Share-based compensation expense is recorded in salaries, wages, and employee benefits in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings, along with other compensation expenses to employees. The following table summarizes the components of our share-based compensation program expense (in thousands):
 
   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2016
   
2015
   
2014
 
Restricted share units
                       
Pretax compensation expense
  $
29,938
    $
27,898
    $
27,256
 
Tax benefit
   
11,347
     
10,629
     
10,360
 
Restricted share units, net of tax
  $
18,591
    $
17,269
    $
16,896
 
Performance share units
                       
Pretax compensation expense
  $
10,687
    $
9,330
    $
7,882
 
Tax benefit
   
4,050
     
3,555
     
2,996
 
Performance share awards, net of tax
  $
6,637
    $
5,775
    $
4,886
 
Stock options
                       
Pretax compensation expense
  $
-
    $
-
    $
195
 
Tax benefit
   
-
     
-
     
74
 
Stock option expense, net of tax
  $
-
    $
-
    $
121
 
 
 
A summary of our restricted share units, performance share units, and nonstatutory stock options is as follows:

Restricted Share Units
 
Number of
Shares
   
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
 
Unvested at December 31, 2013
   
2,421,430
    $
41.49
 
Granted
   
447,780
     
75.61
 
Vested
   
(808,914
)
   
37.33
 
Forfeited
   
(119,298
)
   
47.81
 
Unvested at December 31, 2014
   
1,940,998
    $
51.74
 
Granted
   
390,143
     
74.86
 
Vested
   
(783,483
)
   
39.45
 
Forfeited
   
(30,908
)
   
54.89
 
Unvested at December 31, 2015
   
1,516,750
    $
63.96
 
Granted
   
540,746
     
75.03
 
Vested
   
(520,619
)    
54.78
 
Forfeited
   
(34,221
)    
69.14
 
Unvested at December 31, 2016
   
1,502,656
    $
71.16
 
 
Performance Share Units
 
Number of
Shares
   
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
 
Unvested at December 31, 2013
   
408,025
    $
56.78
 
Granted
   
106,945
     
76.22
 
Vested
   
(81,075
)
   
53.26
 
Forfeited
   
-
     
-
 
Unvested at December 31, 2014
   
433,895
    $
62.23
 
Granted
   
160,574
     
74.37
 
Vested
   
(103,796
)
   
58.28
 
Forfeited
   
-
     
-
 
Unvested at December 31, 2015
   
490,673
    $
67.04
 
Granted
   
142,114
     
74.71
 
Vested
   
(148,733
)    
62.84
 
Forfeited
   
-
     
-
 
Unvested at December 31, 2016
   
484,054
    $
70.58
 
 
Stock Options
 
Number of
Shares
(in thousands)
   
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
   
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
(in years)
   
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in millions)
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
   
440
    $
19.08
     
1.67
    $
25.6
 
Exercised
   
(341
)
   
18.70
     
-
     
19.9
 
Forfeited
   
(1
)
   
19.08
     
-
     
-
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
   
98
    $
20.40
     
0.86
    $
6.3
 
Exercised
   
(95
)
   
20.35
     
-
     
5.8
 
Forfeited
   
(1
)
   
24.27
     
-
     
-
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
   
2
    $
20.76
     
0.05
    $
0.1
 
Exercised
   
(2
)
   
20.76
     
-
     
-
 
Forfeited
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
   
-
    $
-
     
-
    $
-
 
Exercisable
   
-
    $
-
     
-
    $
-
 
 
 
At
December
31,
2016,
we had
$66.9
million and
$19.4
million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted share units and performance share units, respectively, that is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining weighted average vesting period of approximately
3.6
years for restricted share units and
2.5
years for performance share units.
 
The aggregate intrinsic value of restricted and performance share units vested and options exercised during the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015,
and
2014,
was
$56.7
million,
$80.8
million, and
$88.5
million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of unvested restricted and performance share units was
$192.8
million at
December
31,
2016.
The total fair value of shares vested for restricted share, performance share, and stock option awards during the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015,
and
2014,
was
$38.1
million,
$37.3
million, and
$37.5
million, respectively.