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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Consolidated Income Loss Before Taxes for Domestic and Foreign
Consolidated income (loss) before taxes for United States ("U.S.") and foreign operations consisted of the following (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
United States $(821,012)$(158,937)$(491,523)
Foreign(941,263)647,155 797,263 
Total$(1,762,275)$488,218 $305,740 
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
The income tax provision (benefit) attributable to income before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
202020192018
Current
U.S. Federal$(2)$(14)$(637)
U.S. State309 868 198 
Foreign1,879 1,796 1,749 
Total2,186 2,650 1,310 
Deferred
U.S. Federal563,658 170,508 (483,681)
U.S. State(1,095)3,682 (14,973)
Foreign(78)— — 
Total562,485 174,190 (498,654)
Total income tax provision (benefit)$564,671 $176,840 $(497,344)
Income Taxes (Federal Statutory Corporate Tax Rate)
The reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the actual tax rate is as follows:
December 31,
202020192018
U.S. Federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Foreign tax credits, net of valuation allowance(31.8)%13.1 %(154.9)%
Non-taxable foreign income(2.2)%(27.4)%(48.8)%
Foreign tax rate differential(5.3)%(10.4)%(20.8)%
Global intangible low-taxed income— %10.1 %28.3 %
Valuation allowance, other(11.1)%20.6 %9.3 %
Other, net(2.6)%9.2 %3.2 %
Effective income tax rate(32.0)%36.2 %(162.7)%
Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The tax effects of significant temporary differences representing net deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Deferred tax assets—U.S.:
Foreign tax credit carryforwards$2,540,400 $3,070,914 
Disallowed interest expense carryforward138,339 88,319 
Net operating loss carryforward45,015 — 
Lease liability22,826 23,650 
Property and Equipment3,048 — 
Receivables, inventories, accrued liabilities and other25,882 15,279 
Stock-based compensation7,528 6,479 
Other tax credit carryforwards10,049 7,224 
Intangibles and related other50,750 — 
Other5,502 4,719 
2,849,339 3,216,584 
Less: valuation allowance (2,812,808)(2,604,497)
36,531 612,087 
Deferred tax liabilities—U.S.:
Property and equipment— (8,887)
Lease asset(22,826)(23,650)
Prepaid insurance, maintenance and taxes(13,606)(15,956)
Other(400)(1,332)
(36,832)(49,825)
Deferred tax assets—Foreign:
Net operating loss carryforwards107,653 96,657 
Property and equipment61,428 50,709 
Pre-opening expenses3,832 6,126 
Other 6,529 10,114 
179,442 163,606 
Less: valuation allowance (173,876)(154,934)
5,566 8,672 
Deferred tax liabilities—Foreign:
Property and equipment(4,234)(8,672)
Intangibles(2,402)— 
(6,636)(8,672)
Net deferred tax (liability) asset $(1,371)$562,262 
Summary of Valuation Allowances
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had valuation allowances provided on its deferred tax assets as follows (in thousands):

December 31,
20202019
Foreign tax credits$2,540,400 $2,509,786 
Disallowed interest expense carryforwards138,339 88,318 
Intangible assets48,395 — 
U.S. loss carryforwards45,015 — 
Other U.S. deferred tax assets40,659 6,393 
Foreign loss carryforwards106,737 96,657 
Other foreign deferred tax assets67,139 58,277 
Total$2,986,684 $2,759,431 
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The Company had the following activity for unrecognized tax benefits as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
202020192018
Balance at beginning of period$104,295 $99,470 $95,236 
Increases based on tax positions of the current year7,061 8,986 8,926 
Reductions due to lapse in statutes of limitations(3,695)(4,161)(4,692)
Balance at end of period$107,661 $104,295 $99,470